2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前模拟强化练习题46（附答案详解）

《2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前模拟强化练习题46（附答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前模拟强化练习题46（附答案详解）（54页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Given the lack of fit between gifted students and their schools, it is not surprising that such students often have little good to say about their school experience. In one study of 400 adults who had achieved distinction in all areas of life, researchers found

2、that three-fifths of these individuals either did badly in school or were unhappy in school. Few MacArthur Prize fellows, winners of the MacArthur Award for creative accomplishment, had good things to say about their pre-collegiate schooling if they had not been placed in advanced programs. Anecdota

3、l reports support this Pablo Picasso, Charles Darwin , Mark Twain, Oliver Goldsmith, and William Butler Yeats all disliked school. So did Winston Churchill, who almost failed out of Harrow, an elite British school. About Oliver Goldsmith, one of his teachers remarked, “Never was so dull a boy.” Ofte

4、n these children realize that they know more than their teachers, and their teachers often feel that these children are arrogant, inattentive, or unmotivated.Some of these gifted people may have done poorly in school because their gifts were not scholastic. Maybe we can account for Picasso in this w

5、ay. But most fared poorly in school not because they lacked ability but because they found school unchallenging and consequently lost interest. Yeats described the lack of fit between his mind and school: “Because I had found it difficult to attend to anything less interesting than my own thoughts,

6、I was difficult to teach,” As noted earlier, gifted children of all kinds tend to be strong-willed nonconformists. Nonconforinity and stubbornness are likely to lead to Conflicts with teachers.When highly gifted students in any domain talk about what was important to the development of their abiliti

7、es, they are far more likely to mention their families than their schools or teachers. A writing prodigy studied by David Feldman and Lyun Goldsmith was taught far more about writing by his journalist father than his English teacher. High -IQ children, in Australia studied by Miraca Gross bad much m

8、ore positive feelings about their families than their schools. About half of the mathematicians studied by Benjamin Bloom had little good to say about school. They all did well in school and took honors classes when available, and some skipped grades.1.The main point the author is making about schoo

9、ls is that（ ）.2.The author quotes the remarks of one of Oliver Goldsmiths teachers（ ）.3.Pablo Picasso is listed among the many gifted children who（ ）.4.Many gifted people attributed their success（ ）.5.The root cause of many gifted students having bad memories of their school years is that （ ）.问题1选项A

10、.they should satisfy the needs of students from different family backgroundsB.they are often incapable of catering to the needs of talented studentsC.they should organize their classes according to the students abilityD.they should enroll as many gifted students as possible问题2选项A.to provide support

11、for his argumentB.to illustrate the strong will of some gifted childrenC.to explain how dull students can also be successfulD.to show how poor Olivers performance was at school问题3选项A.paid no attention to their teachers in classB.contradicted their teachers much too oftenC.could not cope with their s

12、tudies at school successfullyD.behaved arrogantly and stubbornly in the presence of their teachers问题4选项A.mainly to parental help and their education at homeB.both to school instruction and to their parents coachingC.more to their parents encouragement than to school trainingD.Less to their systemati

13、c education than to their talent问题5选项A.their nonconformity brought lliem a lot of troubleB.they were seldom praised by their teachersC.school courses failed to inspire or motivate themD.teacher were usually far stricter than their parents【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句提到“如果有天赋的学生与学

14、校互相不适应，也就不奇怪他们对读书经历没什么好感”（Given the lack of fit between gifted students and their schools, it is not surprising that such students often have little good to say about their school experience），选项B“它们经常满足不了有天赋的学生的要求”符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章第一段提到如Oliver Goldsmith这类有天赋的学生不喜欢学校，接下来列举了他们的学校经历来作证，因此作者引用Oliver老师中的一位

15、的话是为了给自己的论证提供事实支持，选项A符合题意。3.细节事实题。文章第二段第一句提到“这些具有天赋的学生中的一些人在学校可能因为天赋不在学业方面，因此表现很差，比如毕加索”（Some of these gifted people may have done poorly in school because their gifts were not scholastic. Maybe we can account for Picasso in this way），因此选项C“无法应对学校里的学习”符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章最后一段第一句提到“当谈到能力培养的重要影响因素时，这些天赋极高的

16、人谈论得更多的是他们的家庭而不是学校或者老师”（When highly gifted students in any domain talk about what was important to the development of their abilities, they are far more likely to mention their families than their schools or teachers），选项A“主要是父母在家里的教育”符合题意。5.细节事实题。文章第二段第三句提到“但是大多数人在学校表现不好，并不是因为他们缺乏能力，而是因为他们觉得学校没有挑战性，

17、因此失去了兴趣”（But most fared poorly in school not because they lacked ability but because they found school unchallenging and consequently lost interest），选项C“学校课程不能鼓励和激发他们的兴趣”符合题意。2. 单选题If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own chi

18、ldren. But how you say it can be quite tricky.If you say to your children “Im sorry I got angry with you, but.what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective: “I had a bad day” or “your noise was giving me a headache” leaves the person who has been injured felling that he should be apolog

19、izing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “Im sorry youre upset”; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.Then there is the general

20、, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying “Im useless as a parent” does not commit a person to any specific improvement.These pseudo-apo

21、logies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to be

22、come aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other childrens expectati

23、ons can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parents clothes without permission is not.1.If a mother adds “but” to an apology（ ）.2.According to the author, saying “Im sorry youre upset” mos

24、tly probably means（ ）.3.It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because（ ）.4.We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry（ ）.5.It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is （ ）.问题1选项A.she doesnt feel that she should have apologizedB.

25、she does not realize that the child has been hurtC.the child may find the apology easier to acceptD.the child may feel that he owes her an apology问题2选项A.You have good reason to get upsetB.Im aware youre upset, but Im not to blameC.1 apologize for hurting your feelingsD.Im at fault for making you ups

26、et问题3选项A.it gets one into the habit of making empty promisesB.it may make the other person feel guiltyC.it is vague and ineffectiveD.it is hurtful and insulting问题4选项A.the complexities involved should be ignoredB.their ages should be taken into accountC.parents need to set them a good exampleD.parent

27、s should be patient and tolerant问题5选项A.a social issue calling for immediate attention.B.not necessary among family membersC.a sign of social progressD.not as simple as it seem【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“如果一个母亲在道歉后加一个但是”。文章第二段提到“但是后面的内容可以让该道歉变得无效”（what follows that “but” can render

28、 the apology ineffective），选项D“小孩可能会觉得自己还欠母亲一个道歉”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，很抱歉让你烦恼了意味着”。文章第三段提到“这表明你在某种程度上是错误的，让你自己因为他人的所作所为感到烦恼”（this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done），选项B“我意识到你心烦了，但这不是我的错”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“不建议使用笼统的、涵盖一切的道歉是因

29、为”。文章第四段对“笼统道歉”的解释是避免需要去提及特别令人受伤或者受辱的具体行为，道歉的人应该承诺不会再犯（which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again），这种道歉并不会起作用，比如“我是一个无用的家长”，并不会让一个人去具体改进，因此这种含糊其辞的道歉是不可取的，选项C符合题意。4.推理判断题

30、。题目问的是“从最后一段教小孩子道歉可知”。文章最后一段提到“但是即使孩子看到了真诚悔过的例子，他们仍然需要帮助去认识到道歉的复杂性”（But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry），随后举了不同年龄阶段的孩子应该怎样教授道歉，由此可以推断在教小孩子道歉时，年龄是需要考虑的因素，选项B符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章中可知，适当的道歉”。文章提到了道歉需要

31、技巧；道歉并没有那么简单，在教授孩子道歉时要考虑其年龄等，说明道歉并没有看上去那么容易，选项D符合题意。3. 单选题The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted in the market places despite their manifest advantages. Furthermore, the advertising expenditure for instant coffee was far greater than that for regular coffee.Efforts wer

32、e made to find the cause of the consumers seemingly unreasonable resistance to the product. The reason given by most people was dislike for the taste. The producers suspected that there might be deeper reasons, however. This was confirmed by one of motivation researchs classic studies, one often cit

33、ed in the trade. Mason Haire, of the University of California, constructed two shopping lists that were identical except for one item. There were six items common to both lists: hamburger, carrots, baking powder, bread, canned peaches and potatoes, with the brands of amounts specified. The seventh i

34、tem, in the fifth place on both lists, read “1 lb. Maxwell House coffee” on one list and “Nescafe instant coffee” on the other. One list was given to each person in a group of fifty women, and the other list to those in another group of the same size. The women were asked to study their lists and th

35、en to describe, as far as they could, the kind of woman (“personality and character”) who would draw up that shopping list. Nearly half of those who had received the list including instant coffee described a housewife who was lazy and a poor planner. On the other hand, only one woman in the other gr

36、oup described the housewife, who had included regular coffee on her list, as lazy; only six of that group suggested that she was a poor planner. Eight women felt that the instant coffee user was probably not a good wife! No one in the other group drew such a conclusion about the housewife who intend

37、ed to buy regular coffee.1.The fact that producers found resistance to their product despite the fact that they spent more advertising money on instant than regular coffee shows that （ ）.2.In this instance, the purpose of motivation research was to discover（ ）.3.This investigation indicated that（ ）.

38、4.On the results of this test, the producers probably revised their advertising to show a（ ）.5.Implied but not stated:（ ）.问题1选项A.advertising does not assure favorable sales resultB.companies spent more money on advertising than they shouldC.people pay little attention to advertisingD.the more one ad

39、vertises the better the sales picture问题2选项A.why people drink coffeeB.why instant coffee did not taste goodC.why regular coffee was successfulD.the real reason why people would not buy instant coffee问题3选项A.50 percent of housewives are lazyB.housewives who use instant coffee are lazyC.many women belie

40、ve that wives who use instant coffee are lazyD.wives who use regular coffee are good planners问题4选项A.lazy housewife using regular coffeeB.hard working housewife using instant coffeeC.lazy housewife using instant coffeeD.man obviously enjoying the taste of instant coffee问题5选项A.Despite its advantages,

41、most people disliked instant coffee because of its tasteB.The advertising expenditure for instant coffee was greater than that for regular coffeeC.Very often we do not know the real reasons for doing thingsD.Taste is the principal factor in determining what we buy【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.推

42、理判断题。题目问的是“尽管在速溶咖啡上花了比普通咖啡更多的广告费，但是生产商发现这种商品受到了消费者的抵制，这说明”生厂商为他们的即冲咖啡做了大量广告然而却没能得到消费者的认可，可以得出并不是所有的广告都能起到预期效果，所以A选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在这个例子中，动机研究的目的是为了发现”。文章第二段第三句提到“生产商怀疑有更深层的原因”（The producers suspected that there might be deeper reasons, however），由此可以得出这项调查是为了找出为什么消费者不接受即冲咖啡这个产品。选项D符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目

43、问的是“这项调查表明”。文章最后一段提到家庭主妇认为买速溶咖啡证明这个人非常懒惰，不是一个好妻子（Eight women felt that the instant coffee user was probably not a good wife），选项C符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据这次试验的结果，生厂商有可能修改广告的内容，这表明”。调查结果表明人们不买速溶咖啡的原因是它暗示家庭主妇懒惰或者不会精明持家，所以生产商应该在转变这种暗示上花功夫。选项B符合题意。5.判断推理题。题目问的是“文章暗示但没有说明”。文章提到消费者不愿意买速溶咖啡是因为这种咖啡味道不好，却忽略了更为深层的

44、含义：只有懒惰的家庭主妇才会买这种咖啡。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Just five one-hundredths of an inch thick, light golden in color and with a perfect “saddle curl,” the Lays potato chip seems an unlikely weapon for global domination. But its maker, Frito-Lay, thinks otherwise. “Potato chips are a snack food for the world,” said Sa

45、lman Amin, the companys head of global marketing. Amin believes there is no corner of the world that can resist the charms of a Frito-Lay potato chip.Frito-Lay is the biggest snack maker in America owned by PepsiCo, and accounts for over half of the parent companys $3 billion annual profits. But the

46、 U.S. snack food market is largely saturated, and to grow, the company has to look overseas.Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first, a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete, and second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to “global” as a concept “Globa

47、l” does not mean products that are consciously identified as American, but ones that consumers-especially young people see as part of a modem, innovative（创新的）world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes. Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for i

48、nstance, do not know that Frito-Lay is an American company. Instead, Riskey, the companys research and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business.With brand perception a crucial factor, Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay log

49、o（标识）.The logo, along with the companys long-held marketing image of the “irresistibility” of its chips would help facilitate the companys global expansion.The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in America, but they deny that amounts to economic im

50、perialism. Later, they see Frito-Lay as spreading the benefits of free enterprise across the world. “Were making products in those countries, were adapting them to the tastes of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives.” said Steve Reinemund, PepsiCos chief execut

51、ive.1.It is the belief of Frito-Lays head of global marketing that（ ）.2.What do we learn about Frito-Lay from Paragraph2?3.One of the assumptions on which Lay bases its development strategy is that（ ）.4.Why did Riskey have the Frito-Lay logo redesigned?5.Frito-Lays executives claim that the promotin

52、g of American food in the international market（ ）.问题1选项A.Potato chips can hardly be used as a weapon to dominate the world marketB.Their company must find new ways to promote domestic salesC.The light golden color enhances the charm of their companys potato chipsD.People all over the world enjoy eat

53、ing their companys potato chips问题2选项A.Its products used to be popular among overseas consumers.B.Its expansion has caused fierce competition in the snack marker.C.It gives half of its annual profits to its parent company.D.It needs to turn to the world market for development.问题3选项A.consumers worldwi

54、de today are attracted by global brandsB.local brands cannot compete successfully with American brandsC.products suiting Chinese consumers needs bring more profitsD.products identified as American will have promising market value问题4选项A.To suit changing tastes of young consumers.B.To promote the comp

55、anys strategy of globalization.C.To change the companys long held marketing image.D.To compete with other American chip producers.问题5选项A.wont affect the eating habits of the local peopleB.will lead to economic imperialismC.will be in the interest of the local peopleD.wont spoil the taste of their ch

56、ips【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“菲多利全球市场主管相信”。文章第一段提到“薯片是全世界人民的零食”（Potato chips are a snack food for the world），“全世界没有任何人能抵挡住薯条的魅力”（there is no corner of the world that can resist the charms of a Frito-Lay potato chip），由此可知选项D“全世界人都爱吃他们公司生产的薯条”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据第二段，我们可以了解到菲多利”。文章

57、第二段提到“菲多利是美国最大的零食生产者但美国的零食市场差不多已经饱和，所以它不得不转向海外市场” （the company has to look overseas），由此可知菲多利需要打开全球市场来寻求发展，选项D符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“菲多利发展策略依据的假设是”。文章第三段提到了菲多利的两个信念，一是全球性产品具有地方产品不能与之抗衡的规模经济；一是二十一世纪的消费者为“全球性”所吸引，选项A“全球的消费者为全球品牌所吸引”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“Riskey重新设计将菲多利标识的原因是”。文章第四段提到“（新设计的标识）能够帮助加速公司的全球扩张”（hel

58、p facilitate the companys global expansion），因此选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。题目问的是“菲多利的主管们称美国食品在国际市场的推广”。文章最后一段提到将在那些国家生产产品，让产品迎合当地人的口味，雇佣那里的工人，改变他们的生活（Were making products in those countries, were adapting them to the tastes of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives），选项C“有利于当

59、地人”符合题意。5. 翻译题Put the following two passages into Chinese.It is simple enough to say that since books have fiction, biography, poetrywe should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to bo

60、oks with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconception when we read, that would be an admirable beginning.

61、Do not dictate to your author, try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize as first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. Bu if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints, f

62、rom the twist and turn of the fist sentences, will bring you into the presence of human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite.Let me come to the point

63、boldly; what governs the Englishman is his inner atmosphere, the weather in his soul. It is nothing spiritual or mysterious. When , in his garden or by his fire，he sprawls in an aggressively comfortable chair; when he is choosing his clothes or his professionnever is it a precise reason, or purpose, or outer fact that determines him; it is always the atmosphere of his inner man.【答案】既然书有小说、传记、诗歌之分，我们就应该把它们分类，从中吸收它们应该给予的知识。这说起来很容易。然而很少有人要求书本应该给予的知识。我们总是囫囵吞枣般去看书，要求小说必须真实，要求诗歌必须虚构，要求传记谄媚，要求历史书能加强自己的偏见。如果我们读书之前能抛开这些偏见，将会是一个好的开始。不要去强加你的想法给作者，而是要去