2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前模拟强化练习题40（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题Transport has always shaped cities. In Medieval times, crossroads gave birth to thriving market towns. Venice was built up around its canals, Industrial Britains development followed the route of railways and waterways. Many North American cities were created fo

2、r the car. But how are the cities of today being shaped by a need for more sustainable transport? Cities are now home to over half of the global population, and have a large role to play in reducing carbon emissions and improving air quality. This will need new technologies and new ways of organizin

3、g cities, alongside efficiency gains. Many local governments are accelerating change through policy initiatives such as integrated transport, congestion charges and low emission zones, sustainable procurement and lifecycle costing, and opening data up to companies and academics. And these city level

4、 policies can move markets in more sustainable directions. For example, London is requiring all newly licensed taxis to be zero-emission capable from 2018. This has resulted in five vehicle manufacturers committing to meeting that deadline, which is both in their own commercial interests and good fo

5、r the environment.【答案】交通总是塑造着城市。在中世纪，十字路口孕育了繁荣的集镇。威尼斯建在运河周围，英国工业的发展沿着铁路和水路。许多北美城市都是为汽车而建的。但是，对可持续交通的需求是如何塑造今天的城市的呢？城市现在居住着全球一半以上的人口，在减少碳排放和改善空气质量方面发挥着重要作用。这将需要新技术和组织城市的新方法，以及效率的提高。许多地方政府正在通过诸如综合交通、拥堵费和低排放区、可持续采购和生命周期成本、以及向企业和学术界开放数据等政策举措加速变革。这些城市层面的政策可以推动市场向更可持续的方向发展。例如，伦敦要求所有新获得牌照的出租车从2018年起必须具备零排放

6、能力。这导致五家汽车制造商承诺在最后期限前完成，这既符合它们自身的商业利益，也有利于环境。2. 单选题Originally, plastic was hailed for its potential to reduce humankinds heavy environmental footprint. The earliest plastic were invented as substitutes for shrinking supplies of natural materials like ivory or tortoiseshell. Today, plastic is perceiv

7、ed as natures nemesis. But a generic distaste for plastic can muddy our thinking about the trade-offs involved when we replace plastic with other materials.Take plastic bags, the emblem for all bad things. They clog storm drains, tangle up recycling equipment, litter parks and beaches and threaten w

8、ildlife on land and at sea. Such problems have fueled bans on bags around the world and in more than a dozen American cities. Unfortunately, the bans typically lead to a huge increase in the use of paper bags, which also have environmental drawbacks. In other words, plastics arent necessarily bad fo

9、r the environment; its the way we make and use them thats the problem.Its estimated that half of the nearly 600 billion pounds of plastics produced each, year go into single-use products. Some are indisputably valuable, like disposable syringes, which have been a great ally in preventing the spread

10、of infectious diseases like HIV and even plastic water bottles, which, after diseases like the Japanese tsunami, are critical to saving lives. Yet many disposables, like the bags, drinking straws and packaging commonly found in beach clean-ups, are essentially prefab litter with a heavy environmenta

11、l cost.And theres another cost. Pouring so much plastic into disposable conveniences has helped to diminish our view of a family of materials we once held in high esteem. Plastic has become synonymous with cheap and worthless, when in fact those chains of hydrocarbons ought to be regarded as among t

12、he most valuable substances on the planet. If we understood plastics true worth, we would stop wasting it on trivial throwaways and take better advantage of what this versatile material can do for us.In a world of nearly seven billion souls and counting, we are not going to feed, clothe and house ou

13、rselves solely from wood, ore and stone; we need plastics. And in an era when were concerned about our carbon footprint, we can appreciate that lightweight plastics take less energy to produce and transport than many other materials.Yet we cant hope to achieve plastics promise for the 21st century i

14、f we stick with wasteful 20th century habits of plastic production and consumption. We have the technology to make better and safer plastics-forged from renewable sources, rather than finite fossil fuels, using chemicals that inflict minimal or no harm on the planet and our health.1. From the result

15、s of banning plastic bags, we learn that _.2. What do we know about the single-use plastic products from the third paragraph?3. The author believes that people would stop wasting plastic if they _.4. Lightweight plastics enjoy great advantage over other materials in that that they are _.5. Whats the

16、 authors attitude towards the future of plastic?问题1选项A.better materials are still to be found to replace plastic bagsB.the way of making and using plastic bags matters a lotC.plastic bags really cause many environmental problemsD.the bans on plastic bags greatly boost the paper industry问题2选项A.Plasti

17、c bags account for only a small part.B.They are all indispensable in emergencies or disasters.C.Masses of them usually end up as litter.D.Most are made good use of by people.问题3选项A.knew the history of its inventionB.got punished for wasting itC.realized its impact on the environmentD.didnt take its

18、value for granted问题4选项A.more durable and harder to breakB.energy-efficient in making and transportingC.easy to produce and useD.widely used in green technology问题5选项A.ObjectiveB.PessimisticC.PassionateD.Unknown【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句In other words, plas

19、tics arent necessarily bad for the environment; its the way we make and use them thats the problem.（换句话说，塑料不一定对环境有害；我们制造和使用它们的方式才是问题所在。因此可推测，对于塑料对环境是否有害，取决于制造和使用方式）。B选项“制作和使用塑料袋的方法很重要”，B选项符合题意。A选项“人们仍在寻找更好的材料来取代塑料袋”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“塑料袋确实造成了许多环境问题”，文章对塑料袋造成禁令，但是也会造成纸袋的使用上升，因此可排除C选项。D选项“禁止使用塑料袋极大地促

20、进了造纸业的发展”，文章中没有提到这个内容，可排除。因此正确答案为B选项。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。我们可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Yet many disposables, like the bags, drinking straws and packaging commonly found in beach clean-ups, are essentially prefab litter with a heavy environmental cost.（然而，许多一次性用品，比如海滩清洁用品中常见的袋子、吸管和包装，本质上都是预制垃圾，造成了沉重的环境成本）。C选项“大量的

21、垃圾通常会被丢弃”，文章所说，塑料的本质都是预制垃圾，因此可推测，塑料会被当成垃圾扔掉，因此C选项正确。A选项“塑料袋只占小部分”，文章所说，许多一次性用品，例如常见的袋子，说明塑料袋不只占小部分，因此A选项可排除。B选项“它们在紧急情况或灾难中都是必不可少的”，文章所说，它们只是对生命拯救至关重要，没有说是必不可少的，因此B选项可排除。D选项“大多数都被人们很好地利用了”，文章所说，会把塑料浪费在微不足道的一次性物品上，因此D选项可排除。因此正确答案为C选项。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干我们可以定位到文章第四段最后一句If we understood plastics t

22、rue worth, we would stop wasting it on trivial throwaways and take better advantage of what this versatile material can do for us.（如果我们理解塑料的真正价值，我们就不会再把它浪费在微不足道的一次性物品上，而是更好地利用这种多功能材料为我们做的事情）。D选项“没有认为它的价值是理所当然的”，文章所说，如果人们理解塑料的真正价值，便不会浪费塑料，因此D选项正确。A选项“知道它的发明历史”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。B选项“因为浪费了它而受到惩罚”，文章没有提到，浪

23、费塑料会受到惩罚，因此B选项可排除。C选项“意识到它对环境的影响”，文章所说，即便知道会污染环境，人们还是在浪费塑料，因此C选项可排除。因此正确答案为D选项。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干我们可以定位到文章第五段最后一句we can appreciate that lightweight plastics take less energy to produce and transport than many other materials.（我们可以认识到，与许多其他材料相比，轻质塑料的生产和运输所消耗的能源更少）。B选项“在制造和运输上节能”，文章所说，轻质塑料的生产和运输

24、所消耗的能源更少，因此B选项正确。A选项“更耐用，更不易断裂”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“易于生产和使用”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除C选项。D选项“广泛应用于绿色科技”，塑料并没有广泛地运用在绿色科技，D选项可排除。因此正确答案为B选项。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】观点态度题。通读全文，作者既讲述了塑料的危害，也说了对于塑料的使用需要明白制作和使用方式以及理解塑料的真正价值，因此作者对待塑料的态度是客观理性的。A选项“客观的”符合作者的观点态度，因此正确答案为A选项。3. 单选题The Alzheimers Association and the National Allia

25、nce for Caregiving estimate that men make up nearly 40 percent of family care providers now, up from 19 percent in a 1996 study by the Alzheimers Association. About 17 million men are caring for an adult. Women still provide the bulk of family care, especially intimate tasks like bathing and dressin

26、g. Many complain that their brothers are treated like heroes just for showing up. But with smaller families and more women working full-time, many men have no choice but to take on roles that would have been alien to their fathers.Often they are overshadowed by their female counterparts and faced wi

27、th employers, friends, support organizations and sometimes even parents who view caregiving as an essentially female role. Male caregivers are more likely to say they feel unprepared for the role and become socially isolated, and less likely to ask for help. Isolation affects women as well, but men

28、tend to have fewer lifeline. “They are less likely to have friends going through similar experiences, and depend more on their jobs for daily human contact.” Dr. Donna Wagner, the director of gerontology at Towson University and one of the few researchers who has studied sons as caregivers, said.In

29、past generations, men might have pointed to their accomplishments as breadwinners or fathers. Now, some men say they worry about the conflict between caring for their parents and these other roles. In a 2003 study at three Fortune 500 companies, Dr. Donna Wagner found that men were less likely to us

30、e employee-assistance programs for caregivers because they feared it would be held against them. “Even though the company has endorsed the program, your supervisors may have a different opinion,” Dr. Wagner said. Matt Kassin, 51, worked for a large company with very generous benefits, and his employ

31、er had been understanding. But he was reluctant to talk about his caregivers because he thought “it would be looked at like, when they hire a male, they expect him to be 100 percent focused.” And he didnt want to appear to be someone who had distractions that detracted from performance.For many men,

32、 the new role means giving up their self-image as experts, said Louis Colbert, director of the office of services for the aging in Delaware County, Pa., who has shared care of his 84-year-old mother with his siblings since her Alzheimers made it necessary. Once a year, Mr. Colbert organizes a get-to

33、gether for male caregivers. The concerns they raise, he said, are different from those of women in support groups. “Very clearly, they said they wanted their role as caregivers validated, because in our society, as a whole, men as caregivers have been invisible,” he said.1. What can we know about me

34、n according to the Alzheimers Association and the National Alliance for Caregiving?2. Why do men tend to feel more stressed and socially isolated according to Donna Wagner?3. Donna Wagner solution to the conflict between caring for parents and other social roles is to _.4. Why was Matt Kassin unwill

35、ing to talk about his caregiving with his employer?5. What might be the concerns of male caregivers according to Louis Colbert?问题1选项A.More men play the leading role in caring for elderly parents.B.Men count on their wives to take care of their parents.C.Men undertake all family care including washin

36、g and cooking.D.Men tend to be viewed as heroes for their parents.问题2选项A.Because they feel overwhelmed by the pressure from parents.B.Because they face the competition from their female counterparts.C.Because they find few people to talk and share their experiences with.D.Because they are psychologi

37、cally unprepared for the role.问题3选项A.take advantage of employee-assistance programsB.make adjustment both physically and emotionallyC.schedule time for parents, children and jobD.involve in the outside world as much as possible问题4选项A.Because the company did not provide such support programs.B.Becaus

38、e he was threatened to be at the risk of losing his job.C.Because he felt embarrassed to send parents to nursing homes.D.Because he feared it would lead to a distracted image in the mind of his boss.问题5选项A.They are lack of professional knowledge and skills.B.They feel it inappropriate for them to do

39、 the job.C.Their role of caregivers is not acknowledged.D.They feel what they do is not enough.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第一段第一句The Alzheimers Association and the National Alliance for Caregiving estimate that men make up nearly 40 percent of family care provider

40、s now（阿尔茨海默氏症协会和全国护理联盟估计，目前男性占家庭护理提供者的近40%）。A选项“越来越多的男性在照顾年迈的父母方面起着主导作用”，文章第一段提到，大约有1700万男性在照顾一个成年人，符合A选项内容，A选项正确。B选项“男人依靠妻子照顾父母”，文章所说，女性仍然承担着大部分的家庭照顾工作，不符合题意，可排除。C选项“男人负责所有家庭事务，包括洗衣服和做饭”不符合文章内容，可排除。D选项“男人往往被他们的父母视为英雄”，文章所说许多人抱怨他们的兄弟仅仅因为出现了就被当作英雄对待，男人没有被父母视为英雄，因此可排除D选项。因此正确答案为A选项。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实

41、题。由题干可以定位到文中第二段第四句They are less likely to have friends going through similar experiences, and depend more on their jobs for daily human contact.（他们不太可能有朋友经历类似的经历，更多地依靠他们的工作来进行日常的人际交往）。C选项“因为他们找不到可以交谈和分享自己经历的人”，从文章来看，男人不太可能和朋友有类似的经历，C选项的内容符合文章所说。A选项“因为他们觉得被来自父母的压力压垮了”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。B选项“因为他们面临着来自女性同行

42、的竞争”，文章所说他们常常被她们的女性同行蒙上阴影，而不是受到竞争，因此B选项可排除。D选项“因为他们对这个角色没有心理准备”，这并不是造成他们有压力和社会孤立的主要原因，D选项可排除。因此正确答案为C选项。3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Dr. Donna Wagner found that men were less likely to use employee-assistance programs for caregivers because they feared it would be held against them.（唐娜瓦格纳博士发

43、现，男性不太可能使用为看护人提供的员工协助项目，因为他们担心这会对自己不利）。A选项“利用员工援助计划”，从全文来看，男性作为护理的角色一直被忽视，但其实男性护理者同样需要得到认可，因此A选项正确。B选项“在身体上和精神上做出调整”，可以做出调整，但不是解决的最佳方法，B选项可排除。C选项“为父母、孩子和工作安排好时间”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除C选项。D选项“尽可能多地融入外部世界”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除D选项。因此正确答案为A选项。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句because he thought “it would be looked

44、 at like, when they hire a male, they expect him to be 100 percent focused.” And he didnt want to appear to be someone who had distractions that detracted from performance.（因为他认为这会让人觉得，当他们雇佣男性时，他们希望他是百分百专注的。他也不想让人觉得他有分心的事情，从而影响了自己的表现。）。D选项“因为他担心这会让他老板的脑海里产生一种分心的印象”，他不想让人觉得他有分心的事情，因此D选项正确。A选项“因为公司没有提

45、供这样的支持项目”，他在一家福利优厚的公司，文章所说公司不支持的项目是员工协助护理人员的项目。因此可排除A选项。B选项“因为有人威胁他要冒着丢掉工作的危险”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“因为他觉得送父母去养老院很尴尬”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此正确答案为D选项。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Very clearly, they said they wanted their role as caregivers validated, because in our society, as a whole, men as caregiv

46、ers have been invisible（很明显，他们说他们希望自己作为照顾者的角色得到认可，因为在我们的社会中，作为一个整体，男性作为照顾者的角色一直被忽视）。C选项“他们在照顾者中的作用没有得到承认”，根据文章内容，男性作为照顾者的角色经常被忽略，也就是他们得不到承认，因此C选项正确。A选项“他们缺乏专业知识和技能”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。B选项“他们觉得自己不适合做这项工作”，男性并没有觉得自己不适合做这份工作，相反还十分专注，B选项可排除。D选项“他们觉得自己所做的还不够”，他们并没有觉得自己做的不够，只是不被大众认可，D选项可排除。因此正确答案为C选项。4. 单选题The

47、 mouth of the Amazon River has long been a starting place for hunters going to the jungles of Brazil. In recent years it has been, too, the headquarters for a middle-aged American couple who hunt the smallest living things and perhaps the most deadly-viruses. Dr. Causey and his wife have discovered

48、more new types and more old ones in new places than all of the other search teams.Dr. Causey insists that the couples success is due more to the number of viruses in the forests of the Amazon than to the skill he and his wife have developed during their eighteen years of work in Brazil.“We have foun

49、d the loveliest diseases right in our backyard,” he told me one day as we walked through a light train along a jungle trail.“Oh, these viruses are here all right. There is in the jungle a great pool of disease which is carried in the blood of animals and birds. Some of the diseases can be caught by

50、people. It may be that we shall find that the jungle is a great center of virus disease and that it overflows from here to other parts of the world. It may be that birds carry the viruses to far countries. It may be that some viruses which presently reproduce in man without making him ill, may chang

51、e and become deadly to him. Viruses waiting for a disease, they are sometimes called. This is just an idea, you understand. We do not know, but it is important that we find out, and the first step in finding out is to learn what viruses there are in the jungles.”There is a Brazilian story about the

52、beginning of the world which goes: When God was making the world he tried to keep everything in balance. When he made a desert, he provided it with some green places. When he made a land that was beautiful, he gave it storms and other terrible things caused by the weather. Where the earth was rich b

53、elow the surface, it was also made hard to live on. Where the land could be farmed, the weather was made too hot or too cold or too dry. Where there was enough water, God made it so that there should sometimes be too much water.“But in one place God made a land that was rich, where everything grew e

54、asily. Where it was not too hot and certainly not too cold, where animals were plentiful and fruit hung from the trees all the year round.”“The angels looked at this loveliness and were jealous of man.” They asked God if this was not too beautiful, too much like heaven, this valley of the Amazon.“An

55、d God said, True, this land looks like heaven, but wait until you see what happens to man when he tries to live in it.”1. The Causeys chose the mouth of the Amazon as their headquarters_.2. According to Dr. Causey, the success of his wife and himself was mainly due to _.3. Which of the following is

56、true?4. When Dr. Causey said, “We have found the loveliest diseases right in our backyard”, he meant _.5. The central idea of the Brazilian legend is that _.问题1选项A.in order to hunt animals of the junglesB.because it was the starting point of most huntersC.because they did not want to stay in the jun

57、gleD.in order to have easy access to the jungle问题2选项A.their 18 years of work in BrazilB.their rich and incomparable experienceC.a large amount of viruses in the Amazon forestD.their well-chosen headquarters at the mouth of River Amazon问题3选项A.The jungle is the only place where we can find viruses.B.T

58、he Causeys went to Brazil to look for viruses and wild animals.C.Viruses are only carried in the blood of animals.D.Not all viruses are, at present, harmful to man.问题4选项A.new viruses have just been discoveredB.his discovery was a bit frighteningC.he and his wife were surrounded by harmful virusesD.h

59、is job was uninteresting at all问题5选项A.things in nature tend to be balancedB.the Amazon is the best place God has createdC.even God cannot do everything perfectlyD.there is not such a place as heaven in this world【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句The mouth of the A

60、mazon River has long been a starting place for hunters going to the jungles of Brazil.（长期以来，亚马逊河口一直是猎人前往巴西丛林的起点）。B选项“因为这是大多数猎人的起点”，B选项符合题意，因此B选项正确。A选项“来猎取丛林里的动物”，文章只是说猎捕最小的生物，可排除A选项。C选项“因为他们不想呆在丛林里”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“以便方便地进入丛林”，文章没有提到是为了方便进入丛林，才把总部设在河口，可排除D选项。因此B选项为正确答案。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。我们可以定位到

61、文章第二段Dr. Causey insists that the couples success is due more to the number of viruses in the forests of the Amazon than to the skill he and his wife have developed during their eighteen years of work in Brazil.（Causey博士坚持认为，这对夫妇的成功更多是由于亚马逊森林里的病毒数量，而不是他和妻子在巴西工作的18年所培养的技能。）根据凯西博士的话语推测他们的成功离不开亚马逊森林里的病毒

62、。C选项“亚马逊森林里有大量的病毒”符合文章内容，C选项正确。A选项“他们在巴西工作了18年”，文章所说他们的成功不是因为18年的工作所培养的技能，A选项排除。B选项“他们丰富而无可比拟的经验”，文章所说，不是由于他们18年所培养的技能，B选项可排除。D选项“他们精心挑选的亚马逊河口总部”，文章第二段没有提到此内容，可排除。因此C选项为正确答案。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。D选项“目前，并非所有的病毒都对人类有害”，文章所说“有些目前在人体内繁殖而不使人生病的病毒”，D选项正确。A选项“丛林是唯一能找到病毒的地方”，说法过于绝对，可排除。B选项“Causeys去了巴西寻找病毒和野

63、生动物”，他们主要是为了抓捕小动物，B选项可排除。C选项“病毒只在动物的血液中携带”，文章所说，有些疾病会被人类感染，并带到其他地方，因此C选项可排除。因此D选项为正确答案。4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。通过题干我们可以定位到文章第三段“We have found the loveliest diseases right in our backyard,” he told me one day as we walked through a light train along a jungle trail.（我们在自家后院发现了最可爱的疾病，一天，当我们走过一条丛林小径的轻轨时，他对

64、我说），因此可推测，凯西夫妇居住周围，都围绕着病毒。C选项“他和他的妻子被有害的病毒包围着”，符合文章内容，C选项正确。A选项“新病毒刚刚被发现”，确实发现了病毒，但不确定是不是新的病毒，A选项可排除。B选项“他的发现有点吓人”，文章提到发现的病毒是最可爱的，因此可推测，他们愿意发现病毒，B选项可排除。D选项“他的工作一点也不有趣”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除D。因此C选项为正确答案。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。通过题干我们可以定位到文章倒数第四段第一句There is a Brazilian story about the beginning of the world which goes: When God was making the world he tried to keep everything in balance.（有一个关于世界起源的巴西故事：当上帝创造世界的时候，他试图让一切保持平衡）。A选项“自然界的事物往往是平衡的”符合文章内容，因此A选项