2022年考博英语-中国传媒大学考前模拟强化练习题44（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国传媒大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Since you are a student, you must（）by the school discipline.问题1选项A.conformB.standC.abideD.sustain【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。conform“符合，遵守”，一般和介词to或with搭配；stand“站立”，后接介词by意为“袖手旁观”；abide“容忍，遵守”，后接介词by意为“遵守，信守，承担的后果”；sustain“维持，支撑”，是及物动词。句中所表达的意思是学生要遵守学校的纪律，所以选项C正确。2. 单选题Scie

2、ntific research results can now be quickly （） to factory production.问题1选项A.usedB.appliedC.employedD.practiced【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。be used to表示“被用来；习惯于”，be applied to表示“被运用于，应用于”， be employed to表示“被使用于；被雇佣于”，practice通常与put构成搭配“put sth. to practice”表示“把付诸于实践”。由句意可知，如今科研成果是被应用于工厂生产。因此，只有B项符合原句含义和搭配，故本题正确答案为

3、B选项。3. 单选题The industrial community should be close enough to the crowded centers but distant enough to reduce （） hazards.问题1选项A.feasibleB.activeC.substantialD.potential【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项feasible “可行的；可能的;”；B选项active “积极的；活跃的”；C选项substantial “大量的；实质的”；D选项potential “潜在的，可能的”。句意:工业区应该离拥挤的中心足够近，但要足够远，

4、以减少潜在的危险。所选之词应修饰hazards(危险)，而且其意应为“潜在的或可能发生的”危险。故选D。4. 单选题Some city planners believe that each city is（）: in other words, because of cultural differences, one city cant simply copy others.问题1选项A.separatedB.cut offC.uniqueD.integrated【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。separated“分开的”；cut off“切断，中断”；unique“独特的，独一无二的”；in

5、tegrated“综合的，完整的”。根据冒号后面的内容：由于文化差异，一个城市不能简单地复制其他城市。由此可知，一些城市规划者认为每个城市都是独一无二的。所以选项C正确。5. 单选题I asked the counselor to give me a （） estimate of the fee of defending my case in court.问题1选项A.rudeB.crudeC.roughD.coarse【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项rude表示“粗鲁的；无礼的，未开化的”，B选项crude表示“粗糙的，天然的，未加工的”，C选项rough表示“粗糙的，粗略的，艰

6、苦的，未加工的”，D选项coarse表示“粗鄙的；粗糙的”。根据关键词estimate可知，我让律师对我的案件上庭辩护所需费用进行粗略估算。因此，只有C项最符合原文语境，故本题正确答案为C选项。6. 单选题The young people made a new（）to the governor.问题1选项A.proposalB.submergeC.tendencyD.thread【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项proposal “提议，建议”。B选项submerge “淹没”。C选项. tendency “倾向，趋势”。D选项thread “线，螺纹”。句意：年轻人向领导提出了一项新建议

7、。因此A选项符合题意。7. 翻译题Generation JoblessThe number of young people out of work globally is nearly as big as the population of the United StatesYOUNG people ought not to be idle. It is very bad for them, said Margaret Thatcher in 1984. She was right: there are few worse things that society can do to its y

8、oung than to leave them in limbo.1. Those who start their careers on the dole are more likely to have lower wages and more spells of joblessness later in life, because they lose out on the chance to acquire skills and self-confidence in their formative years.Yet more young people are idle than ever.

9、 OECD figures suggest that 26m 15- to 24-year-oids in developed countries are not in employment, education or training; the number of young people without a job has risen by 30% since 2007. The International Labour Organisation reports that 75m young people globally are looking for a job. World Bank

10、 surveys suggest that 262m young people in emerging markets are economically inactive. Depending on how you measure them, the number of young people without a job is nearly as large as the population of America (31. lm).2. Two factors play a big part. First, the long slowdown in the West has reduced

11、 demand for labour, and it is easier to put off hiring young people than it is to fire older workers. Second，in emerging economies population growth is fastest in countries with dysfunctional labour markets, such as India and Egypt.The result is an arc of unemployment*, from southern Europe through

12、north Africa and the Middle East to South Asia, where the rich worlds recession meets the poor worlds youth quake. The anger of the young jobless has already burst onto the streets in the Middle East. Violent crime, generally in decline in the rich world, is rising in Spain, Italy and Portugalcountr

13、ies with startlingly high youth unemployment.Will growth give them a job?The most obvious way to tackle this problem is to reignite growth. That is easier said than done in a world plagued by debt, and is anyway only a partial answer. The countries where the problem is worst (such as Spain and Egypt

14、) suffered from high youth unemployment even when their economies were growing.3. Throughout the recession companies have continued to complain that they cannot find young people with the fight skills. This underlines the importance of two other solutions:reforming labour markets and improving educa

15、tion. These are familiar prescriptions, but ones that need to be delivered with both a new vigour and a new twist.Youth unemployment is often at its worst in countries with rigid labour markets. Cartelised industries, high taxes on hiring, strict rules about firing, high minimum wages: all these hel

16、p condemn young people to the street comer. South Africa has some of the highest unemployment south of the Sahara, in part because it has powerful trade unions and rigid rules about hiring and firing. Many countries in the arc of youth unemployment have high minimum wages and heavy taxes on labour.

17、India has around 200 laws on work and pay.Deregulating labour markets is thus central to tackling youth unemployment. But it will not be enough on its own. Britain has a flexible labour market and high youth unemployment. In countries with better records, governments tend to take a more active role

18、in finding jobs for those who are struggling. Germany, which has the second-lowest level of youth unemployment in the rich world, pays a proportion of the wages of the long term unemployed for the first two years. The Nordic countries provide young people with personalised plans. to get them into em

19、ployment or training. But these policies are too expensive to reproduce in southern Europe, with their millions of unemployed, let alone the emerging world.4. A cheaper approach is to reform labour-hungry bits of the economv-for example, by making it easier for small businesses to get licences, or c

20、onstruction companies to get approval for projects, or shops to stay open in the evening.The graduate glutAcross the OECD, people who left school at the earliest opportunity are twice as likely to be unemployed as university graduates. But it is unwise to conclude that governments should simply cont

21、inue with the established policy of boosting the number of people who graduate from university. In both Britain and the United States many people with expensive liberal-arts degrees are finding it impossible to get decent lobs. In north Africa university graduates are twice as likely to be unemploye

22、d as non-graduates.5. What matters is not just number of years of education people get, but its content. This means expanding the study of science and technology and closing the gap between the world of education and the world of workfor example by upgrading vocational and technical education and by

23、 forging closer relations between companies and schools. Germanys long-established system of vocational schooling and apprenticeships does just that. Other countries are following suit: South Korea has introduced “meister” schools, Singapore has boosted technical colleges, and Britain is expanding a

24、pprenticeships and trying to improve technical education.Closing the gap will also require a change of attitude from business. Some companies, ranging from IBM and Rolls-Royce to McDonalds and Premier Inn, are revamping their training programmes, but the fear that employees will be poached discourag

25、es firms from investing in the young. There are ways of getting around the problem: groups of employers can co-operate with colleges to design training courses, for example.6. Technology is also reducing the cost of training: programmes designed around computer games can give youngsters some virtual

26、 experience, and online courses can help apprentices combine on-the-job training with academic instruction.The problem of youth unemployment has been getting worse for several years. But there are at last some reasons for hope.7. Governments are trying to address the mismatch between education and t

27、he labour market. Companies are beginning to take more responsibility for investing in the young. And technology is helping democratise education and training. The world has a real chance of introducing an education-and-training revolution worthy of the scale of the problem.【答案】1.那些靠救济金过活的人工资更低，人生后期

28、也会经历更多次的失业，因为他们在性格形成期已经失去了获得技能和自信的机会。2.有两个因素起了很大作用。首先,西方的长期放缓生产速度减少了对劳动力的需求, 年轻人比老员工更容易被解雇。其次, 在新兴经济体中，有些国家的劳动力市场不但有缺陷，而且人口增长却最为迅猛，比如：印度和埃及。3. 有些公司经历了衰退的整个过程，却仍然抱怨找不到合适的年轻技术工人。这强调了另外两个解决方案的重要性:改革劳动力市场和改善教育。这些措施广为人知, 但是要做出这些改革，还需要新的勇气新策略。4.更廉价的方法是改革经济中急需劳动力的企业例如，简化小型企业的注册程序，简化建筑公司招标的审批程序，让商店更容易地在晚上照常

29、营业等等。5.重要的不仅是人们受教育的年限，还有教育的内容。这意味着扩大科技研究，缩小理论教育和实际用工之间的差距。比如，可以通过升级职业教育和技术教育，将学校和公司更紧密地联系起来等等方式加以实现。6.应用技术也可以减少培训成本: 可将培训设计成电脑游戏，从而让年轻人得到虚拟体验。同时，在线课程可以帮助学徒把在职培训内容与大学课程融合起来。7.政府正努力解决教育和劳动力市场之间的不匹配问题。公司开始在投资年轻人方面承担起更多的责任。应用某些技术也有助于推行教育和培训的民主化。8. 单选题Psychologists agree that I.Q. contributes only about

30、20 percent of the factors that determine success. A full 80 percent comes from other factors, including what I call emotional intelligence. Following are two of the major qualities that make up emotional intelligence, and how they can be developed.1.Self-awareness. The ability to recognize a feeling

31、 as it happens is the keystone of emotional intelligence. People with greater certainty about their emotions are better pilots of their lives.Developing self-awareness requires tuning in to what neurologist Antonio Dam as io calls “gut feeling”. Gut feelings can occur without a person being consciou

32、sly aware of them. For example, when people who fear snakes are shown a picture of a snake, sensors on their skins will detect sweat, a sign of anxiety; even though the people say they do not feel fear. The sweat shows up even when a picture is presented so rapidly that the subject has no conscious

33、awareness of seeing it.Through deliberate effort we can become more aware of our gut feelings. Take someone who is annoyed by a rude encounter for hours after it occurred. He may be unaware of his irritability and surprised when someone calls attention to it. But if he evaluates his feelings, he can

34、 change them.Emotional self-awareness is the building block of the next fundamental of emotional intelligence: being able to shake off a bad mood.2.Mood Management. Bad as well as good moods spice life and build character. The key is balance.We often have little control over when we are swept by emo

35、tion. But we can have some say in how long that emotion will last. Psychologist Dianne Tice asked more than 400 men and women about their strategies for escaping foul moods. Her research, along with that of other psychologists, provides valuable information on how to change a bad mood.Of all the moo

36、ds that people want to escape, rage seems to be the hardest to deal with. When someone in another car cuts you off on the highway, your reflexive thought may be: That jerk! He could have hit me! I cant let him get away with that! The more you stew, the angrier you get. Such is the stuff of hypertens

37、ion and reckless driving.What should you do to relieve rage? One myth is that ventilating will make you feel better. In fact, researchers have found thats one of the worst strategies. A more effective technique is “reframing”, which means consciously reinterpreting a situation in a more positive lig

38、ht. In the case of the driver who cuts you off, you might tell yourself: Maybe he had some emergency. This is one of the most potent ways, Tice found, to put anger to rest.Going off alone to cool down is also an effective way to refuse anger, especially if you cant think clearly. Tice found that a l

39、arge proportion of men cool down by going for a drive a finding that inspired her to dive more defensively. A safer alternative is exercise, such as taking a long walk. Whatever you do, dont waste the time pursuing your train of anger thoughts. Your aim should be to distract yourself.The techniques

40、of reframing and distraction can alleviate depression and anxiety as well as anger. Add to them such relaxation techniques as deep breathing and meditation and you have an arsenal of weapons against bad moods.1.What are gut feeling?2.According to the author, the importance of knowing ones gut feelin

41、g is that（）.3.The word “spice”（Para.6）is closet in meaning to（）.4.On mood control, the author seems to suggest that we（）.5.The essence of “reframing” is（）.问题1选项A.They are feeling one is born with.B.They are feelings one may be unaware of.C.They are feelings of fear and anxiety.D.They are feelings fe

42、lt by sensible people.问题2选项A.one can develop themB.one can call others attention to themC.one may get rid of themD.one may control them问题3选项A.add interest toB.lengthenC.make dullD.bring into existence问题4选项A.can control the occurrence of moodB.are often unaware of what mood we are inC.can determine t

43、he duration of moodD.lack strategies for controlling moods问题5选项A.to forget the unpleasant situationB.to adopt a positive attitudeC.to protect oneself properlyD.to avoid road accident【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“gut feeling”可定位到原文第三段的内容“Gut feelings can occur without a person be

44、ing consciously aware of them. 直觉可以在人们无意识的情况下产生。”由此可知，选项B符合原文。2.判断推理题。根据原文第五段的内容“情感自我意识是下一个基本情商的基石：能够摆脱坏情绪”，也就是说，了解一个人的直觉最重要的是能够摆脱它们。所以选项C符合原文。3.词义题。根据所给词定位到原文中的内容“Bad as well as good moods spice life and build character.”这里的spice是做动词，并且和build的意思相接近。spice做动词，其本意是“加香料于；使增添趣味”，选项A与之意思最为相近，所以正确。4.判断推理题

45、。根据第七段的一二句“We often have little control over when we are swept by emotion. But we can have some say in how long that emotion will last.当我们被情绪所左右时，我们往往无法控制自己。但我们可以知道这种情绪会持续多久。”由此可知，我们可以决定情绪持续的时间，所以选项C符合原文。5.判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“reframing”定位到原文倒数第三段的内容“A more effective technique is reframing, which means c

46、onsciously reinterpreting a situation in a more positive light. 一个更有效的技巧是“重新构建”，这意味着有意识地从更积极的角度重新解释一个情况。”再根据后面的例子可以推测出，“reframing”的真谛在于采取一种积极地态度，所以选项B正确。9. 单选题Journalists usually refer to what they write as stories. Not articles or reports, occasionally pieces, but stories. This does not apply only

47、to reporters but to everybody in the editorial chain, from desk editors, copy editors, specialist and sports writers to the editor him or herself. Words published in newspapers, on air or online are stories.Stories sound interesting; reports sound dull. To some, stories mean fiction: Tell me a story

48、, mummy”. Stories are tall and short, made up and true. True stories are about what happened. We tell stories in conversation, recounting experiences and events in which we took part or observe. The crucial thing about a story is that other people want to hear it, because it is interesting or entert

49、aining. Otherwise the storyteller is a bore.So journalists write stories for their readers to tell them what is going on, to inform them, engage them, entertain them, shock them, amuse them, disturb them, uplift them. The subject matter will vary according to the nature of the publication and the in

50、tended audience. The good newspaper editor will have a clear idea of the sort of people who are reading it, and cater to their interests and preoccupations, sometimes their prejudices. And the paper will include that vital ingredient serendipity - the story you didnt expect, the just fancy that”，the

51、 absurdities as well as the travails of the human condition.Journalism is basically a simple game. It is about finding things out and telling other people about them. The finding out requires a variety of skills because those in power often prefer that we know only so much. Journalism is about holdi

52、ng such people to account, exposing their humbug and hypocrisy, the abuse of their power. This includes the control it gives them over the flow of information, the ability to bury the bad news, to spin and obfuscate. Good journalists must ask the awkward questions and question the answers, must dig

53、to unearth and then explain, making comprehensible that which authority, by intent or verbal inadequacy, has left confused, incomplete or plain mendacious. Incomprehensible journalism is quite simply bad journalism, and therefore pointless.Ultimately there is only one purpose: to make the reader rea

54、d the story. If they dont, what was the point of finding it out and telling it? This booklet picks up the story when the reader has reached the stage of deciding to address the story. That is not the same as reading it, or even reading a certain amount of it. They have just reached the first word, p

55、erhaps attracted by the picture, the extracted quote, or any of the other presentational devices used to drag the reader to the story. We have reached the stage where the reader is going to subject the story to the final test, reading some or all of in. This is about writing.Newspaper reading is dif

56、ferent from reading a book. It is selective, does not involve commitment to the whole. Relatively little time is spent reading a daily newspaper. The newspaper reader, unlike the reader of the more literary novel, does not expect to invest effort in the endeavour. He or she will not read a sentence

57、or paragraph a second time to be clear about what is being said. Confusion, more often than not, will mean abandoning the story altogether and moving on. Many newspaper readers skim, sample or get a flavour of a story rather than reading it through.So journalistic writing is different from creative

58、writing. Many young people think they would like to be journalists because they have always loved writing” or started writing poems when they were eight. It is certainly not enough and may well be a barrier to success in journalism. The late Nicholas Tomalin famously wrote that the only qualities es

59、sential for real success in journalism are rat-like cunning, a plausible manner, and a little literary ability. He included writing, but he placed it third and prefaced it with a diminutive. The writing matters; but dont think of it as art. Think of it as working writing, writing doing a job, writin

60、g that puts across information in a way that makes readers want to absorb it.At a time when the vast majority of entrants to journalism have degrees welcome because journalism in a complex world is an intellectual pursuit it is worth pointing out that writing for newspapers is also very different fr

61、om the academic writing of student essays. No time to produce a route map for the essay and reach the point somewhere near the end; the journalist must grab the attention at once.It is difficult to write simply and engagingly, so that readers will keep reading; to explain so that all the readers und

62、erstand, and want to. This is the task the writing journalist has.1. Which of the following is mostly used by journalists to describe the pieces they write?2. What should a good newspaper editor do according to the text?3. The quote of Nicholas Tomalin is used to express that（）.4. Which of the follo

63、wing is NOT a difference between newspaper reading and book reading?5. What is the final purpose for journalistic writing according to the text?问题1选项A.ReportsB.StoriesC.ArticlesD.Pieces问题2选项A.Find things out and tell readers about them.B.Grab the attention at once.C.Cater to readers interests and pr

64、eoccupations.D.Control the flow of information问题3选项A.Journalistic writing is different from writing as an art.B.It is difficult to write simply and engagingly for readers to keep readingC.Newspaper reading is different from reading a book.D.Journalism is basically a simple game.问题4选项A.Contents are selected in newspapers.B.Less time is spent reading a newspaper.C.Newspaper readers are expected to invest effort in