2022年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考前模拟强化练习题30（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题Translate the following passage from English into ChineseIt is not difficult to imagine a world short of ambition. It would probably be a kinder world: without demands, without abrasions, without disappointments. People would have time for reflection. Such wor

2、k as they did would not be for themselves but for the collectivity. Competition would never enter in, conflict would be eliminated, tension become a thing of the past. The stress of creation would be at an end. Art would no longer be troubling, but purely celebratory in its functions. Longevity woul

3、d be increased, for fewer people would die of heart attack or stroke caused by tumultuous endeavor. Anxiety would be extinct. Time would stretch on and on, with ambition long departed from the human heart.There is a strong view that holds that success is a myth, and ambition therefore a sham. Does t

4、his mean that success does not really exist? That achievement is at bottom empty? That the efforts of men and women are of no significance alongside the force of movements and events?That not all success, obviously, is worth esteeming, nor all ambition worth cultivating?【答案】一个缺少抱负的世界会是什么样的，这不难想象。它可能

5、会是一个更友好的世界：没有欲望，没有摩擦，没有失望。人们将有时间进行反思。他们所做的工作并不是为了他们自己，而是为了集体。竞争将永远不会出现，冲突将会消除，紧张局面将成往事。产生的压力将会结束。艺术将不再煞费苦心，它的作用纯粹是为了庆祝。人的寿命将会更长，因为由激烈拼争引起的心脏病和中风所导致的死亡将减少。焦虑将会消失。时光飞逝，而抱负早已远离人心。有一种流行的观点认为，成功是一种神话，因此抱负是虚无缥缈的。这是否意味着成功并不真实存在？成就最终都是徒劳的？男性与女性的努力，以及政治运动与重大历史事件的力量，都是毫无意义的吗？显然，并不是所有的成功都值得敬仰，也不是所有的抱负都值得追求？2.

6、案例题The conclusion of the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations in 1994，and the establishment of the WTO in 1995 to provide the institutional support to the multilateral trade agreements, constituted a significant milestone in the evolution of the multilateral trading system. The principle

7、 of “single undertaking，” bound all WTO members to all the results of the Uruguay Round negotiations (with the exception of plurilateral agreements), thereby reinforcing the fundamental principle of most-favored nation (MFN) treatment. With the conclusion of the Uruguay Round and the strengthened mu

8、ltilateral trading system (MTS), there was an expectation that exceptions to multilateralism, such as regional trade agreements, even though legally covered by the WTO under certain conditions, would either become less of an alterative policy option for countries or will need to be adapted and condu

9、cted in such a manner as to become outward-oriented; not inward-looking, and has constitute building blocks for the new multilateralism ushered in by the WTO.This objective has been continually emphasized in WTO Ministerial Declarations that reaffirm commitment to the supremacy of multilateralism wh

10、ile recognizing the important role that regional trade agreements (RTAs) can play. This is apparent from paragraph 4 in the Doha Declaration where WTO Members stressed their “commitment to the WTO as the unique forum for global trade rule-making and liberalization, while also recognizing that region

11、al trade agreements can play an important role in promoting the liberalization and expansion of trade and in fostering development”. In the work programme adopted at Doha. WTO Members also agree to negotiations aimed at clarifying and improving, existing WTO provisions applying to RTAs while taking

12、into account their developmental aspects (paragraph 29). Such “developmental aspects are a concrete expression of the wider emphasis in the Doha Work Programmed (DWP) on development issues, including implementation-related issues and As recognized by these Declarations, the growth, expansion and dee

13、pening of regional trade agreements has been remarkable. Almost all countries in the world and virtually all WTO Members (the exception being Mongolia) today are party to, or are in the process of negotiating, at least one RTA. Thus, regionalism has become a policy option for most countries and is a

14、 permanent feature of the international trading environment for the foreseeable future.A notable feature in the recent rise of regionalism is that countries that have traditionally favored the multilateral approach to trade liberalization, including Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Singapore, India an

15、d the Republic of Korea have joined the RTA bandwagon. The United States has also given more attention to concluding RTAs. A different composition of RTAs involving the widening of country coverage beyond the traditional regional zone has emerged. Significantly, RTAs have emerged between countries a

16、nd entities in different regions/continents (e.g. EU-Mexico, EU-South Africa, US-Israel. Jordan, Morocco, Chile). In most cases, these agreements are bilateral in membership, concluded by two countries/entities, including the case of free trade agreements negotiated and concluded by the two distinct

17、 RTAs (e.g. EU-MERCOSUR under negotiation).The expansion, widening and deepening of RTAs has resulted in, a situation whereby intra-RTA trade accounted for some 40 per cent of world trade (merchandise imports) in 2000 and will account for over 50 per cent in 2005. Furthermore, intra-RTA trade has be

18、en significant, or has become more important for RTA members. Thus, international trade flows are increasingly concentrated within regional groupings formed by large trading nations.The qualitative dimension of RTAs in respect of coverage of policy areas has also evolved. Recent “new-generation” RTA

19、s increasingly cover not only trade in goods, but also other “behind the border” regulatory areas, including trade in services, investment, competition policy, intellectual property rights, government procurement, labor, environment and development cooperation, thereby going beyond multilateral disc

20、iplines and liberalization commitments (“WTO-plus”). These are part and parcel of “deeper” integration efforts.Developing countries are no exception to the process of expansion and reinvigoration of theRTAs. They have actively participated in regional trade agreements among themselves (South-South)

21、and with developed countries (North-South). In addition to these sub regional agreements, various bilateral preferential trade agreements (PTAs) have been launched among or involving developing countries, often on an interregional basis.What is WTOs stance toward regionalism? How is the development

22、of regionalism in the world right now? (5 points)Please briefly analyze the positive and negative effects of regionalism to developing countries. (10 points)With the thriving of regionalism in the world, what do you think is the future of WTOs multilateral trading system (MTS)? (10 points)【答案】WTO re

23、cognizes the important role that regionalism can play.On the one hand, regionalism can cause a positive effect on developing countries. It will bring a lot of chances for developing countries to trade with other trading powers, which will help developing countries to increase their strength in econo

24、mic and technology; On the other hand, the negative effect should not be ignored either. Because the developed countries are playing the main and leading role in regionalism, sometimes developing countries will be in a unfavorable position during the process of cooperating with developed countries.

25、And the environmental problems caused during these processes are also a big disadvantage for developing countries.The development of WTOs multilateral trading system may be stuck in trouble and some of its conventions will be hit.3. 问答题By about A. D. 500 the Mound Builder culture was declining, perh

26、aps because of attacks from other tribes or perhaps because of severe climatic changes that undermined agriculture. To the west, another culture, based on intensive agriculture, was beginning to flourish. Its center was beneath present day St. Louis, and it radiated out to enclose most of the Missis

27、sippi watershed, from Wisconsin to Louisiana and Oklahoma to Tennessee. Thousands of villages were included in its orbit. By about A. D. 700 this Mississippian culture, as it is known to archaeologists, began to send its influence eastward to transform the life of most of the less technologically ad

28、vanced woodland tribes. Like the Mound Builders of the Ohio region, these tribes, probably influenced by Meso-American cultures through trade and commerce, built gigantic mounds as burial and ceremonial places. The largest of them, rising in four terraces to a height of one hundred feet, has a recta

29、ngular base of nearly fifteen acres, larger than that of the Great Pyramid of Egypt. Built between A. D. 900 and 1,100, this huge earthwork faces the site of a cliffy Indian city which contained more than one hundred small artificial mounds marking burial sites. Spread among them was a vast settleme

30、nt containing some 30,000 people by current estimations. The finely crafted ornaments and tools recovered at Cahokis, as this center of Mississippi culture is called, include elaborate ceramics finely sculpted stonework, carefully embossed and engraved copper and mica sheets, and one funeral blanket

31、 fashioned from 12,000 shell beads. They indicate that Cahokia was a true urban center, with clustered housing, markets, and specialists in tool-making, hide- dressing, potting, jewelry-making, weaving, and salt-making.1.What is the main topic of this passage?2. In relation to the Mississippian cult

32、ure, the Mound Builder culture was located（ ）.3.From this passage, we can infer that Meso-American cultures had a tradition of （ ）.【答案】1.主旨大意题。文章以Mound Builder culture开头，进而引出对Mississippi Culture的介绍。试题答案：The passage mainly introduces the development and achievement of Mississippi Culture.2.推理怕断题。由文章开

33、头中的“By about A. D. 500 the Mound Builder culture was declining . To the west, another culture”可知Mound Builder culture位于东方。试题答案：in the east3.细节事实题。由文章中的“probably influenced by Meso-American cultures through trade and commerce”可推测 Meso-American cultures有商业贸易的传统。试题答案：trade and commerce4. 翻译题Translate t

34、he following into English.有些人把读书当作疲劳工作中的一种休息，并不是读一本书就预先想定读它要派何种用场，即“不为什么而读”。但日积月累，确实可以长知识、广见闻、有效益。经过长期积累目前中国己成为全球第二大经济体和全球第一贸易大囯、全球第一外汇储备国，具备了对外输出资本的实力。【答案】Some people regard reading as a kind of rest during tiring work，and they have no idea of practical use for the books they are to read, i.e. they

35、 “read for no purpose” at all. But gradually one can benefit from reading, expanding their knowledge.China has become the second largest economy, the first trading power as well as thefirst foreign exchange reserves in the world and had the strength of outputting capital external after a long terms

36、accumulation.5. 填空题The police had moved quickly to block off the area. Now Jim stood across the street with the other students, watching in stunned disbelief as the fire department fought to (1) _control of the fire. But it looked hopeless. The east end of the building exploded into flames. The nois

37、e was so loud (2)_even Jim, as he fiddled absently (3)_the volume control to his hearing aid, could hear a faint roar. Across the street on the school grounds Mr. Maclntire, the principal, was shouting to the fire chief. Jim read his lips, (4)_ some of what he said because of the distance but gettin

38、g (5)_ than enough to understand, “.eight students and a teacher.in a basement room.trapped!” The fire chief shook his head. Three times- already firefighters had tried to enter the building, only to be (6)_ _ back by the heat and smoke, and now there was no hope at all. Jim saw it in the chiefs fac

39、e. His friends and the teacher he respected more than any (7)_ were as good as dead. They had little (8) _ to survive the smoke, not to mention the heat. It was Jims class in the basement, and he should have been in there himself. But he has stopped in the hall upstairs to talk to Mr. Maclntire abou

40、t the Phonic Ear. It was a small radio receiver plugged into his hearing aid (9)_ signals from a transmitter worn by his teachers. Born with a (10)_ impairment, Jim had had problems in his classes. He was a good lip reader, but lip reading did not always (11)_ . Teachers sometimes, without thinking,

41、 (12)_ their faces away when talking. Making good grades had been hard for him (13)_ he began to use the Phonic Ear. Now he heard everything his teacher said, and his grades had shot (14)_ . That was one reason he had been placed in the advanced physics class, the only course still (15)_ in any of t

42、he basement floor classrooms of the old school, (16)_ was undergoing renovation. A new wing was to be added to the back of the school. Heavy equipment had been digging the new foundations and had broken a gas line leading into the basement. (17)_he was late to class, Jim had just turned away from Mr

43、. Maclntire (18)_ the school building was rocked by an (19)_ . Smoke rose from the basement stairwell and was followed by fire. Everyone on the upper two floors had gotten out. But there had been no escape for those (20)_.【答案】1. gain2. that3. with4. missing5. more6. held7. one8. chance9. to receive1

44、0. hearing11. help12. turn13. so14. up15. taught16. which17. Because18. when19. alarm20. below【解析】1.考查固定搭配。gain the control of控制2.考查固定搭配。sothat如此以致3.考查固定搭配。fiddle with摆弄4.联系上下文可知由于距离比较远，Jim不能够听清楚Maclntire所说的话，故填missing.5.考查固定搭配。getting more than enough to understand得到了足够多的能理解的信息。6.考查固定搭配。hold back阻止

45、，联系上下文可知，消防主管在摇头，消防员已经三次尝试进入这栋楼，但他们都被浓烟和热度所阻挡了，现在完全没希望了。7.any one任何的。句意：他的朋友和他最尊敬的老师处于非常危险的境地。8.根据句意可知此处指老师和学生有很小的从浓烟中生还的机会。9.此处表示目的，句意：生耳是一个插在助音器上面的小小收音机，它从老师戴着的发射器那里接收信号。10.由上文可知Jim有天生的听力缺陷。11.由下文可知老师在上课时经常把脸转过去，所以可推测能读懂唇语也不一定总是有帮助。12.turn away转过脸1.由上文可知Jim由于听力缺陷，很难有好成绩，所以开始使用生耳。14.shot up直线上升15.高

46、级物理课程是旧学校地下室教室里仍然被教的课程。course与teach之间是被动的关系，故用过去分词。16.本句是非限制性定语从句，缺少主语，故用which，指代“the old school”。17.由上文可知Jim去找Maclntire关于生耳的问题，所以可推知他上课迟到了。18.此处表示当他发现教学楼传来的警报的时候，他正好刚刚从Maclntire那里转过脸来。19.句意：这栋教学楼被警报声所包围。20.由上文提到的upper可知此空应填below。句意：在上面两层的所有人都出来了，但是对于在两层以下的人来说没有逃生的机会。6. 单选题It was once thought that a

47、ir pollution affects only the area immediately around large cities with factories and/or heavy automobile traffic. Today, we know that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally worldwide. On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollut

48、ion has covered the entire eastern half of the United States and led to health warnings even in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing and automobile traffic. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be affected by air pollution. Some scientists feel that the increas

49、ing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil) is creating a “greenhouse effect” holding in heat reflected from the earth and raising the worlds average temperature. If this view is correct and the worlds temperature is raised only a few degr

50、ees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be under water.Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particular matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earths temperature a result that would be equally disa

51、strous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to a new ice age, and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. At present we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen (though one recent government report prepared by exp

52、erts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very likely). Perhaps, if we are very lucky, the two tendencies will offset each other and the worlds temperature will stay about the same as it is now.1.As pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air pollution

53、（ ）.2.As far as the greenhouse effect is concerned, the author（ ）.3.The word “offset” in the second paragraph could best be replaced by（ ）.4.It can be inferred from the passage tha（ ）.5. This passage is primarily concerned with（ ）.问题1选项A.caused widespread damage in the countrysideB.affected the enti

54、re eastern half of the United StatesC.had damaging effects on healthD.existed merely in urban and industrial areas问题2选项A.shares the same view with the scientistsB.is uncertain of its occurrenceC.rejects it as being ungroundedD.thinks that it will destroy the world soon问题3选项A.slip intoB.make up forC.

55、set upD.catch up with问题4选项A.raising the worlds temperature only a few degrees would not do much harm to life on earth.B.lowering the worlds temperature merely a few degrees would lead many major farming areas to disaster.C.almost no temperature variations have occurred over the past decade.D.the wor

56、lds temperature will remain constant in the years to come.问题5选项A.greenhouse effectB.he burning of fossil fuelC.the potential effect of air pollutionD.the likelihood of a new ice age【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第一句“It was once thought that air pollution affects only the area immedi

57、ately around large cities with factories and/or heavy automobile traffic.”人们曾经认为，空气污染只会影响那些有工厂和/或交通严重的大城市周围的地区。因此D选项“只存在于城市和工业区”符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“At present we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen.”目前，我们不确定这两种情况是否会发生，可知作者对温室效应会产生哪种情况是不确定的，因此选B。3.词义题。slip into 意为“滑进”；m

58、ake up for 意为“补偿”；setup 意为“建立”；catch up with 意为“追上”。单词“offset”位于文章第二段最后一句中“Perhaps, if we are very lucky, the two tendencies will（也许，如果我们幸运的话，这两种趋势将相互） offset each other and the worlds temperature will stay about the same as it is now（世界气温将保持目前的水平）.”根据单词前后的句意再结合选项意思，可知A选项最为恰当，offset意为“抵消，补偿”。4.细节事实题

59、。根据文章第二段中“. blocking sunlight and lowering the earths temperature a result that would be equally disastrous（灾难性的）. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to a new ice age, and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas.”可知降低地球的温度会导致灾难性的结果，哪怕只降低

60、几度也会使许多农业地区受到影响，因此B选项“将世界的温度降低仅仅几度会导致许多主要的农业地区发生灾难”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了空气污染问题，提及的两种观点可能会带来全球的影响，因此选C，文章主要涉及空气污染带来的潜在影响。7. 填空题An earlier attempt (1) blunting, which made it illegal to (2) American-made components to Huawei, including advanced computer chips (3) which the Chinese firm relies, was not

61、the knock-out blow the White (4) hoped it to be. Chipmakers were able to keep shipping Huawei semiconductors from factories outside America. So on May 15th the Trump administration extended its restrictions from chips to the tools used to make themmany of which come from America. So (5) as big micro

62、processor producers, like Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, use American-made equipment, they will no longer be able to forge Huawei-designed chips anywhere in the world.【答案】1.at2.sell3.on4.House5.long【解析】1.考查固定搭配。Attempt at表示“企图，努力；尝试”，这里句意为：早先美国试图。2.考查上下文语义。句意：在之前，美国将出售美国制造的组件（包括中国公司依赖的高

63、端电脑芯片）给华为的行为定义为非法行为，但这次尝试并没有达到白宫预期的效果。3.语法题。此空所在句是一个定语从句，先行词是advanced computer chips（高端电脑芯片），后面的定语从句中，应该是介词on与rely构成搭配，表示“依赖”。4.考查上下文语义。本段讲的是关于美国限制向华为出售高端电脑芯片组件的行为，因此此处应该填House,表示“白宫”。5.考查固定搭配。So long as表示“只要”。此处句意为：只要诸如像台积电（TSMC）之类的大型半导体供应商，使用美国制造的工具，他们就不能在世界任何地方制造华为定制芯片。8. 问答题Americans have always had a fascination with the underworld society populated by those Awho openly resisted the laws of dominant society and instead creating their own world, living by B C Dtheir own rules.【答案】试题答案：C; created【解析】考查