2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第84期

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1、2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Rumors are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reputations, and turning calm situations into（ ）ones.问题1选项A.tragicB.vulnerableC.turbulentD.suspicious【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：谣言无处不在，传播恐惧，破坏声誉，把平静的状况变得混乱不堪。tragic “悲剧的”；vulnerable “脆弱的”；turbulent “骚乱的”；suspicious

2、 “可疑的”。根据句意，选项C符合题意。2. 单选题Research universities have helped drive innovation for decades,（ ）development of everything from jet engines to the Internet.问题1选项A.spurtingB.creditingC.insinuatingD.preserving【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。spurt “喷射；喷出”；credit “相信，归因于，记在的账上，给记学分（或学时）”；insinuate “暗示，使潜入， 使逐渐产生”；preserve “保

3、护；保持；腌制”。由句中 “development of everything from jet engines to the Internet 从喷气式发动机到互联网的一切的开发”确定C选项“使逐渐产生”符合句意研究型大学在数十年里已帮助推进了革新，从而逐渐产生了从喷气式发 动机到互联网的一切的开发。3. 单选题Although we tried to concentrate on the lecture, we were（ ）by the noise from the next room.问题1选项A.distractedB.displacedC.dispersedD.discarded【

4、答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项distract“转移；分心”；B选项displace“取代；置换；转移”；C选项disperse“分散；传播”；D选项discard“抛弃；丢弃”。句意：尽管我们努力集中精力听演讲，但还是被隔壁房间的噪音了。句中存在转折关系词，表明前后方向改变，前半句说“集中精力”，后半句则是噪音让我们“无法集中精力”。综合分析选项可知A选项正确。4. 单选题I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice, we would prefer to live in the

5、 country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convince myself that if it werent for my job I would immediately head out for the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the country. But how realistic is the dream?Cities can be frightening places.

6、The majority of the population live in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up. All you can see from your window is sky, or other blocks of flats. Children become aggressive and nervouscooped up at ho

7、me all day, with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world. Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks dont even say hello to each other.Country life, on the other hand, diff

8、ers from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. People have the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is true that you may be

9、 among friends in a village, it is also true that you are cut off from the exciting and important events that take place in cities. Theres little possibility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on

10、an expedition to the nearest large town. The city-dweller who leaves for the country is often oppressed by a sense of unbearable stillness and quiet.What, then, is the answer? The country has the advantage of peace and quiet, but suffers from the disadvantage of being cut off; the city breeds a feel

11、ing of isolation, and constant noise batters the senses. But one of its main advantages is that you are at the center of things, and that life doesnt come to an end at half-past nine at night. Some people have found (or rather bought) a compromise between the two: they have expressed their preferenc

12、e for the “quiet life” by moving to villages within commuting distance of large cities. They generally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behindthey are polluted with strange ideas about change and improvement which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of

13、 the villages.What then of my dreams of leaning on a cottage gate and murmuring “morning” to the locals as they pass by. Im keen on the idea, but you see theres my cat. Toby. Im not at all sure that he would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the long grass. I mean, can you see him mixing wi

14、th all (hose hearty males down the farm? No, he would rather have the electric imitation-coal fire any evening.1.We get the impression from the first paragraph that the author（ ）.2.In the authors opinion, the following may cause city people to be unhappy EXCEPT（ ）.3.The passage implies that it is ea

15、sy to buy the following things in the country EXCEPT（ ）.4.According to the passage, which of the following adjectives best describes those people who work in large cities and live in villages?问题1选项A.used to live in the countryB.used to work in the cityC.works in the cityD.lives in the country问题2选项A.

16、a strong sense of fearB.lack of communicationC.housing conditionsD.a sense of isolation问题3选项A.daily necessitiesB.fresh fruitsC.designer clothesD.fresh vegetables问题4选项A.OriginalB.QuietC.ArrogantD.Insensitive【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“从第一段中我们可以得知作者”。文章第一段第二句话提到“我成功说服自己，如果不是因为我的工作，我会立刻去往

17、空旷的地方，回到某个静谧的村庄，回到大自然中”（I have managed to convince myself that if it werent for my job I would immediately head out for the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the country），由此我们可以知道作者的工作是在城市，选项C符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者认为下列哪项不是让城里人不开始的原因”。文章第二段最后一句话提到“过去住一条街上的人都相互认识，而现在住在高

18、楼大厦同一层楼的人彼此都不打招呼”（Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks dont even say hello to each other），由此可知选项B是其中一个原因，排除；文章第二段第二句提到“大多数人住在又吵，又脏，又没人情味的高楼里”（The majority of the population live in massive tower blo

19、cks, noisy, dirty and impersonal），由此可知选项C“居住环境”也是其中一个原因，排除；第二段第三句提到“如果你住15楼以上，你会失去集体感”（The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up），由此可知选项D“孤独感”也是其中一个原因，排除。综上，选项A不是其中的原因，符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“文章暗示买一些东西很容易，除了”。文章第三段倒数第二句提到“去商店买东西成了主要问题，只要稍微特殊点的商品你就得去很远的城市去买”（

20、Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town），选项C“定制衣服”符合题意。4.推理判断题。题目问的是“根据文章，下列哪个形容词用来描述那些住在乡村，在城里工作的人”。文章倒数第二段倒数第一句提到“他们通常和他们留下的塑料花一样敏感被关于改变和改进的奇怪想法所浸染，并把这些想法强加给村里不情愿的原始居民”（They generally have about as mu

21、ch sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behindthey are polluted with strange ideas about change and improvement which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the villages），选项C“傲慢的”符合题意。5. 单选题By patient questioning the lawyer managed to（ ） enough information from the witnesses

22、.问题1选项A.evacuateB.withdrawC.impartD.elicit【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项evacuate“疏散；撤退；排泄”；B选项withdraw“撤退；收回；撤销；取钱”；C选项impart“给予；传授；告知”；D选项elicit“抽出；引起；诱出”。句意：通过耐心的询问，律师设法从证人那里足够的信息。“信息”是证人给出的，律师只有努力去“获取”，综合选项可知D选项正确。6. 单选题Is that lovely girl over there（ ）Susan Blake who used to be so fat?问题1选项A.anB.aC.theD.on

23、e【答案】C【解析】语法-冠词和代词的使用。句意：在那边的那位可爱的女孩是过去一直如此胖的苏珊布莱克？由句中 “who used to be so fat 过去一直如此胖”可知Susan Blake为特定的某人，所以用表示特指的定冠词the，C选项正确。不定冠词a与an及代词one般用来表示非特别指代的一个。7. 单选题Absolutely one of the finest buys on the market. Spacious home with large living room, separate 15-foot dining room with crystal chandelier

24、 and built-in buffet, paneled family room with fireplace, huge kitchen with lots of cabinets, big cheery breakfast room, 2.5 baths, 4 huge bedrooms (one is separate and could be a playroom or offers complete privacy with separate entrance for guests). There is a covered patio and landscaped yard. Be

25、tter than new with draperies and new air compressor. $160,000. Call Lane Hitcher (home) 926-6043.1.What room in the above advertisement is described as having several possible uses?2.Which room is described in the most detail?3.What detail is emphasized in the description of most rooms?4.One feature

26、 of the house that is not mentioned is（ ）.5.The “buffet” mentioned in the description is（ ）.问题1选项A.the dining roomB.the family roomC.one bedroomD.the playroom问题2选项A.the living roomB.the dining roomC.the family roomD.the kitchen问题3选项A.cheerfulnessB.built-insC.type of chandeliersD.size问题4选项A.the drape

27、riesB.the walk-in closet in the bedroomC.the landscaped yardD.paneling in the family room问题5选项A.a light fixtureB.a large mealC.a bookcaseD.a serving table for food【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.事实细节题。由题干关键词room定位到文章第二句，句中详细提到了许多功能房间，有一个例外，括号中提到“one is separate and could be a playroom or offers c

28、omplete privacy with separate entrance for guests一个独立的房间，可以是一个娱乐室或提供完全的私密空间”，而这个房间是4个大卧室中的一间。因此C选项正确。2.事实细节题。本题需要找出描写最详细的房间，依然在第二句中观察，只有餐厅使用了“separate单独的”、“15-foot 15英尺长”、“crystal chandelier水晶吊灯”和“built-in buffet内置餐台”修饰，因此对于餐厅的描述最为详细。B选项正确。3.事实细节题。本题需要找出的是房间描述中最为强调的细节。A选项cheerfulness“高兴”相关词汇cheery仅出

29、现在早餐室的描述中；B选项builts-ins“内置设施”出现在厨房的描述中，在描述家庭活动室时使用了“paneled with fireplace镶嵌着壁炉”同样也是内置设施；C选项“type of chandeliers吊灯类型”出现在对餐厅的描述中；D选项“size尺寸”只出现在对餐厅的描写中。因此B选项正确。4.判断推理题。这所房子没有提到的一个细节需要用排除法解决。A选项the draperies“装饰织物”出现在倒数第二句；C选项the landscaped yard“带景观的源自”出现在倒数第三句；D选项paneling in the family room“家庭娱乐室的镶板”出

30、现在第二句中。因此B选项符合题意。5.词义推断题。Buffet出现在对餐厅的描述中。A选项a light fixture“灯具；照明设备”；B选项a large meal“一顿大餐”；C选项a bookcase“一个书柜”；D选项a serving table for food“放置食物的餐桌”。待售房屋的餐厅中应该有的是餐桌，D选项正确。8. 单选题The rain was so heavy that the man was wet to the skin; his whole body was（ ）and trembling.问题1选项A.stiffB.straightC.steadyD.

31、hard【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：雨太大，这个人身上已经湿了；他整个身子僵硬并且在瑟瑟发抖。stiff “僵硬的”；straight “直率的；笔直的”；steady “稳定的”；hard “坚硬的”。根据句意，选项A符合题意。9. 单选题In Death Valley, California, one of the hottest, most arid places in North America, there is much salt, and salt can damage rocks impressively. Inhabitants of areas elsewh

32、ere, where streets and highways are slated to control ice, are familiar with the resulting rust and deterioration on cars. That attests to the chemically corrosive nature of salt, but it is not the way salt destroys rocks. Salt breaks rocks apart principally by a process called crystal prying and we

33、dging. This happens not by soaking the rocks in salt water, but by moistening their bottoms with salt water. Such conditions exist in many areas along the eastern edge of central Death Valley. There, salty water rises from the groundwater table by capillary action through tiny spaces in sediment unt

34、il it reaches the surface.Most stones have capillary passages that suck salt water from the wet ground. Death Valley provides an ultra-dry atmosphere and high daily temperatures, which promote evaporation and the formation of salt crystals along the cracks or other openings within stones. These crys

35、tals grow as long as salt water is available. Like tree roots breaking up a sidewalk, the growing crystals exert pressure on the rock and eventually pry the rock apart along planes of weakness, such as banding in metamorphic rocks, bedding in sedimentary rocks, or preexisting or incipient fractions,

36、 and along boundaries between individual mineral crystals or grains. Besides crystal growth, the expansion of halite crystals (the same as everyday table salt) by heating and of sulfates and similar salts by hydration can contribute additional stresses. A rock durable enough to have withstood natura

37、l conditions for a very long time in other areas could probably be shattered into small pieces by salt weathering within a few generations.The dominant salt in Death Valley is halite, or sodium chloride, but other salts, mostly carbonates and sulfates, also cause prying and wedging, as does ordinary

38、 ice. Weathering by a variety of salts, though often subtle, is a worldwide phenomenon. Not restricted to arid regions. Intense salt weathering occurs mostly in salt-rich places like the seashore, near the large saline lakes in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica, and in desert sections of Australia, New

39、Zealand and central Asia.1.What is the passage mainly about?2.In lines 13-17, why does the author compare tree roots with growing salt crystals?3.The word “shattered” in line 20 is closest in meaning to（ ）.4.According to the passage, which of the following is true about the effects of salts on rocks

40、?5.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about rocks that are found in areas where ice is common?问题1选项A.The destructive effects of salt on rocks.B.The impressive salt rocks in Death Valley.C.The amount of salt produced in Death Valley.D.The damaging effects of salt on roads and hig

41、hways.问题2选项A.They both force hard surfaces to crack.B.They both grow as long as water is available.C.They both react quickly to a rise in temperature.D.They both cause salty water to rise from the groundwater table.问题3选项A.arrangedB.dissolvedC.broken apartD.gathered together问题4选项A.Only two types of s

42、alts cause prying and wedging.B.Salts usually cause damage only in combination with ice.C.A variety of salts in all kinds of environments can cause weathering.D.Salt damage at the seashore is more severe than salt damage in Death Valley.问题5选项A.They are protected from weathering.B.They do not allow c

43、apillary action of water.C.They show similar kinds of damage as rocks in Death Valley.D.They contain more carbonates than sulfates.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章主要讨论什么”。文章主要讲述了加州死亡谷的盐对岩石的破坏作用（In Death Valley, California, one of the hottest, most arid places in North America, there

44、 is much salt, and salt can damage rocks impressively），由此可知选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在第13-17行中，作者为什么将树根与不断增长的盐晶体进行比较”。文章第二段提到“就像树根凿开人行道一样，不断生长的晶体对岩石施加压力，最终沿着岩石柔软的那面撬开”（Like tree roots breaking up a sidewalk, the growing crystals exert pressure on the rock and eventually pry the rock apart along planes o

45、f weakness），说明二者都能使坚硬的表面裂开，选项A符合题意。3.词义题。题目问的是“shattered与哪个词（组）意思最接近”。文章第二段最后一句话提到“在其他地区，一块岩石能够经受住很长时间的自然条件，但是它在几代人的时间内就可能被盐风化成碎片”（A rock durable enough to have withstood natural conditions for a very long time in other areas could probably be shattered into small pieces by salt weathering within a

46、few generations），由此可知shattered有“砸碎、粉碎”的意思，选项C符合题意。4.细节判断题。题目问的是“根据文章内容可知，关于盐对岩石的影响下列哪个表述是正确的？”文章最后一段提到风化是一个世界性普遍的现象，不局限于某个地方(Weathering by a variety of salts, though often subtle, is a worldwide phenomenon. Not restricted to arid regions)，由此可知选项C“不同环境不同种类的盐都能引起风化”符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“关于在有冰的地方发现岩石，下列哪项

47、能够从文章中获得”。文章最后一段提到“其他地方的盐，主要是碳酸盐和硫酸盐，也会像普通的冰一样导致侵蚀”（but other salts, mostly carbonates and sulfates, also cause prying and wedging, as does ordinary ice），选项C符合题意。10. 单选题Human language is the subject of endless scientific investigation, but the gestures that accompany speech are a surprisingly neglec

48、ted area. It is sometimes jokingly said that the way to render an Italian speechless is to tie his wrists together, but almost everyone moves their hands in meaningful ways when they talk. Susan Goldin-Meadow of the University of Chicago, however, studies gestures carefully-and not out of idle curio

49、sity. Introspection suggests that gesturing not only helps people communicate but also helps them to think. She set out to test this, and specifically to find out whether gestures might be used as an aid to childrens learning. It turns out, as she told the AAAS, that they can.The experiment she cond

50、ucted involved balancing equations. Presented with an equation of 2+3+4=x+4 written on a blackboard, a child is asked to calculate the value of x. In the equations Dr. Goldin-Meadow always made the last number on the left the same as the last on the right; so x was the sum of the first two numbers.

51、Commonly, however, children who are learning arithmetic will add all three of the numbers on the left to arrive at the value of x.In her previous work Dr. Goldin-Meadow had noted that children often use spontaneous gestures when explaining how they solve mathematical puzzles, so to see if these hand

52、-movements actually help a child to think, or are merely descriptive, she divided a group of children into two and asked them to balance equations. One group was asked to gesture while doing so. A second was asked not to. Both groups were then given a lesson in how to solve problems of this sort.As

53、Dr. Goldin-Meadow suspected, the first group learnt more from the lesson than the second. By observing their gestures she refined the experiment. Often, a child would touch or point to the first two numbers on the left with the first two fingers of one hand. Dr Goldin-Meadow therefore taught this ge

54、sture explicitly to another group of children or, rather, she taught a third of them, taught another third to point to the second and third numbers this way and told the remainder to use no gestures. When all were given the same lesson it was found those gesturing “correctly” learnt the most. But th

55、ose gesturing “incorrectly still outperformed the non-gesturers.Gesturing, therefore, clearly does help thought. Indeed, it is so thought-provoking that even the wrong gestures have some value.1.Why does Susan Goldin-Meadow carry out such a study?2.What can we infer from the first paragraph?3.Accord

56、ing to Susans study, children who lean the least may be（ ）.4.The last sentence of this text probably means（ ）.问题1选项A.To test gesturing only helps people communicate.B.To test gesturing only helps people to thinkC.To test gesturing helps people communicate and think.D.To test gesturing helps people c

57、ommunicate not to think.问题2选项A.Human language is the subject of endless scientific investigation.B.Being ones wrists together is an Italian way to show speechless.C.Everyone moves their hands in meaningful ways when they talk.D.Gestures accompanying speech are not studies to peoples content.问题3选项A.t

58、hose who make no gesturesB.those who gesture correctlyC.those who gesture wronglyD.those who make no gestures and gesture wrongly问题4选项A.correct gesturing instead of wrong gesturing is inspiring in learning.B.correct gesturing together with wrong gesturing is inspiring in learningC.no gesturing is mo

59、re inspiring in learning than wrong gesturingD.neither no gesturing nor wrong gesturing is inspiring in learning【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B【解析】1.细节题。题目提问为什么Susan Goldin-Meadow要进行这样的研究?根据文章第一段第三句与第四句的“Introspection suggests that gesturing not only helps people communicate but also helps them to think. S

60、he set out to test this.研究认为手势不仅能帮助人们进行交流，而且还帮助他们去思考。她打算通过实验来证明这些研究”确定C选项测试手势帮助人们进行交流和思考正确。A选项测试手势 仅仅帮助人们进行交流、B选项测试仅仅帮助人们进行思考只提及了一部分，不正确； D 选项测试手势帮助人们进行交流而不进行思考与原文不符。2.推断题。题目提问我们能从第一段推断出什么?A 选项人类语言是无止境的科学研究的主题是第一段中直接提出的，不是推断出的，排除；B选项意大利人表示无语的方式是手腕放在起与文中的 “It is sometimes jokingly said that the way t

61、o render an Italian speechless is to tie his wrists together.人们有时开玩笑说，让意大利人闭嘴的方法是将他们的手腕绑在一起意思不符，排除；C选项在交谈的时候都会做出一些意义丰富的手势与“ almost everyone几乎所有人”不符排除；根据文章第一段第一句“ Human language is the subject of endless scientific investigation, but the gestures that accompany speech are a surprisingly neglected are

62、a. 人类语言一直是科学研究的主题，但伴随语言而来的手势却出人意料地被忽视了。”推断出D选项对伴随讲话的手势研究还不尽人意正确。3.细节题。题目提问根据苏珊的研究，学到最少的小孩可能是。根据文中倒数第二段最后两句 “it was found those gesturing “correctly” learnt the most. But those gesturing “incorrectly” still outperformed the non-gesturers.研究发现手势正确的小孩学到的最多。但是也发现手势不正确的小孩学到的仍然比没有使用手势的小孩多”确定A选项没有做手势的那些小孩正

63、确。4.细节题。题目提问这篇文章的最后一句话可能是指。根据文章最后一句 “Indeed, it is so thought-provoking that even the wrong gestures have some value. 的确，它是如此发人深省，以至于即使是错误的姿态也有一定的价值。”确定B选项正确的和错误的手势都能激励学习正确。11. 单选题Unfortunately most of the science fiction films of the 1970s were not much influenced by 2001: A Space Odyssey. Skillfully directed by Stanley Kubrick, 2001, which appeared in 1968, set new standards for science fiction films. Du