2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷12

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1、2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Historically, humans get serious about avoiding disasters only after one has just struck them. （1） that logic. 2006 should have been a breakthrough year for rational behavior. With the memory of 9/11 still （2） in their minds. Americans watched hurricane Katrin

2、a, the most expensive disasterIn U.S. history, on. （3） TV. Anyone who didnt know it before should have learned that bad things can happen. And they are made （4） worse by our willful blindness to risk as much as our （5） to work together before everything goes to hell.Granted, some amount of delusion(

3、错觉)is probably part of the （6） condition. In A.D.63 Pompeii was seriously damaged by an earthquake and the locals immediately went to work （7） in the same spot-until they were buried altogether by a volcano eruption 16 years later. But a （8） of the past year in disaster history suggests that modern

4、Americans are particularly bad at （9） themselves from guaranteed threats. We know more than we （10） did about the dangers we face. But it turns out that in times of crisis, our greatest enemy is rarely the storm, the quake or the surge itself. More often it is ourselves.问题1选项A.ToB.ByC.OnD.For问题2选项A.

5、freshB.obviousC.apparentD.evident问题3选项A.visualB.vividC.liveD.lively问题4选项A.littleB.lessC.moreD.much问题5选项A.reluctanceB.rejectionC.denialD.decline问题6选项A.naturalB.socialC.worldD.human问题7选项A.revisingB.refiningC.rebuildingD.retrieving问题8选项A.reviewB.reminderC.conceptD.prospect问题9选项A.preparingB.protestingC.

6、protectingD.prevailing问题10选项A.neverB.everC.thenD.Before【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A第6题:D第7题:C第8题:A第9题:C第10题:B【解析】1. 考查介词辨析。通过对前句humans get serious about avoiding disasters only after one has just struck them.（人类只有在遭受灾难之后才会认真地避免灾难），于是后句紧跟的连词应该是表示解释说明，而A项to“至于”，C项on“在上面”，D项for为因果连词，只有by可以表示通过。2. 考查词义

7、辨析。A项“新鲜的”，B、C、D三项都是明显的意思，evident多用于推理及抽象的事；obvious多用于指“容易知道或发现，无须解释或证明的”的事；apparent多用于指“一目了然的”的事，或者“思想上容易理解的”的事，根据文章的意思，此处应该是表示记忆犹新的意思，因此A项fresh符合题意。3. 考查词义辨析题。C项live这个单词除了有生活的意思之外，还有现场直播的意思。A项“视觉的”，B项“生动活泼的”，D项“活泼的”，vivid指人的表情、故事等“生动”“逼真” “活泼”等；lively指人及生物等充满生机和活力，即“活泼的”、“充满生气的”根据句意：美国人通过电视直播观看了卡特

8、里娜飓风，这是美国历史上最昂贵的灾难。可知C项符合。4. 考查比较级。在比较级前面添加副词，只能用副词原级，不能再用比较级，因此B和C错误。根据文章的感情色彩，文章表示的是贬义，因此用much不用little。5. 考查词义辨析。A项reluctance“不情愿”，B项“拒绝”，C项denial“否定”， D项“拒绝”。B项和D项中reject一般指否决、不予接受（建议，提议，想法和要求等）；decline表示“婉拒”。通过分析这个复杂句我们看到了前面的一个关键词willful blindness“盲目”。该句句意：由于我们任性的盲目冒险以及我们 在一切陷入困境之前共同努力，使他们变得更加糟糕

9、。而这里用A项reluctance，正好和前面的willful“故意的”成反义词对应。6. 考查词义和句意理解。固定搭配human condition“人的生存条件”，该句句意：诚然，一定程度的错觉可能是 的一部分。根据前文所说人们不愿意共同努力，可知人们有这种想法是受生存条件的影响，第二段后文通过举例来阐释这句话。所以此处选D项。A项“自然条件”，B项“社会条件”，C项“世界状况”，均不符合文意。7. 考查词义辨析。A项“修订”，B项“提炼”，C项“重建”，D项“重新得到”。该句句意：公元63年，庞贝城被一场地震严重破坏，当地人立即前往同一地点进行 。句子前面的连词and，表示两句并列。地震

10、之后要干什么呢？当然就是重建了。所以此处选择C项。8. 考查词义辨析。A项“回顾”，B项“提醒，暗示”C项“概念”，D项“希望”。句子开头一个强转折but，表示后面要说的和前面的内容是相反的意思。同时，后面有一个history，通过这个单词就知道前面用review。该句句意：但 过去一年的灾难史，可以发现现代美国人，故选A。9. 考查固定搭配。C项protect sb. from sth保护某人免受某事。A项prepare“准备”，B项protest“抗议”，D项prevail“流行，成功”。结合句意：现代美国人尤其不善于 自己免受威胁，故选C。10. 考查词义辨析。本句中did是用助动词取代

11、实意动词know，因此这里的连词只能用ever表示以前，而before做副词时一定放在句末或后跟名词，所以此处的句意：对于我们所面临的灾难，我们比以前知道的更多。因此只有B项符合。2. 单选题The first English attempts to colonize North America were controlled by individuals rather than companies. Sir Humphrey Gilbert was the first Englishman to send colonists to the New World. His initial exp

12、edition, which sailed in 1578 with a patent granted by Queen Elizabeth was defeated by the Spanish. A second attempt ended in disaster in 1583, when Gilbert and his ship were lost in a storm. In the following year, Gilberts half brother, Sir Water Raleigh, having obtained a renewal of the patent, sp

13、onsored an expedition that explored the coast of the region that he named “Virginia”. Under Raleighs direction efforts were then made to establish a colony on Roanoke Island in 1585 and 1587.The survivors of the first settlement on Roanoke returned to England in 1586, but the second group of colonis

14、ts disappeared without leaving a trace. The failure of the Gilbert and Raleigh ventures made it clear that the tasks they had undertaken were too big for any one colonizer. Within a short time the trading company had supplanted the individual promoter of colonization.1. Which of the following would

15、be the most appropriate title for the passage?2. The passage states which of the following about the first English people to be involved in establishing colonies in North America?3. According to the passage, which of the following statements about Sir Humphrey Gilbert is true?4. Which of the followi

16、ng can be inferred from the passage about members of the first Roanoke settlement?5. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the second settlement on Roanoke Island is true?问题1选项A.The Regulation of Trading Companies.B.British-Spanish Rivalry in the New World.C.Early Attempt

17、s at Colonizing North America.D.Royal Patents Issued in the 16th Century.问题2选项A.They were requested to do so by Queen Elizabeth.B.They were members of large trading companies.C.They were immediately successful.D.They were acting on their own.问题3选项A.He never settled in North America.B.His trading com

18、pany was given a patent by the queen.C.He fought the Spanish twice.D.He died in 1587.问题4选项A.They explored the entire coastal region.B.Some did not survive.C.They named the area “Virginia”.D.Most were not experienced sailors.问题5选项A.Its settlers all gave up and returned to England.B.It lasted for seve

19、ral years.C.The fate of its inhabitants is unknown.D.It was conquered by the Spanish.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。整个文章从吉尔伯特第一次尝试殖民北美到最后英国成功殖民北美的过程，所以C选项“殖民北美的早期尝试”正确。A选项“贸易公司的管理”和B选项“英国和西班牙在新世界的竞争”不是表达的重点。D选项“皇家专利颁发于16世纪”错误，这个是伊丽莎白女王允许吉尔伯特到北美的专利。因此C选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据第一句The first English att

20、empts to colonize North America were controlled by individuals rather than companies.（英国第一次殖民北美的尝试是由个人而不是公司控制的。），可知他们自己决定怎样行动，D选项“他们自主行动”正确。A选项“伊丽莎白女王要求他们这样做”：根据第三句His initial expedition, which sailed in 1578 with a patent granted by Queen Elizabeth（他的第一次远征是在1578年，并获得了伊丽莎白女王授予的专利权），可知不是伊丽莎白女王要求的，故错误

21、。B选项“他们是大型贸易公司的成员”文中没有提到。C选项“他们很快就成功了”：在1578年和1583年分别进行了两次尝试，都失败了，可知进展不顺利，故错误。因此D选项正确。3.推理判断题。根据第三句His initial expeditionwas defeated by the Spanish.（他的第一次远征被西班牙击退。），和第四句A second attempt ended in disaster in 1583, when Gilbert and his ship were lost in a storm.（第二次尝试于1583年以灾难告终，当时吉尔伯特和他的船在一场风暴中丧生。），

22、可知只有一次和西班牙交战，而非两次，吉尔伯特死于1583年，故C选项“他和西班牙人打了两次仗”和D选项“他死于1587年”错误；吉尔伯特两次以失败告终，没有到达北美，A选项“他从未在北美定居”符合题意。B选项“他的贸易公司被女王授予了专利权”：根据第五句In the following year, Gilberts half brother, Sir Water Raleigh, having obtained a renewal of the patent（第二年，吉尔伯特同父异母的兄弟沃特罗利爵士获得了专利的续期。），可知是个人而非公司得到专利权，故错误。因此A选项正确。4.推理判断题。根

23、据文章倒数第三句The survivors of the first settlement on Roanoke returned to England in 1586（在罗阿诺克建立第一个殖民地的幸存者于1586年回到英国），可知B选项“一些人没有存活下来”正确。A选项“他们探索了整个沿海地区”和C选项“他们把这个地区命名为弗吉尼亚”：根据文章第五句In the following year, Gilberts half brother, Sir Water Raleighsponsored an expedition that explored the coast of the regio

24、n that he named “Virginia”.（第二年，吉尔伯特同父异母的兄弟沃特罗利爵士赞助了一次探险，探索他称之为“弗吉尼亚”的地区的海岸。），可知弗吉尼亚是沃特罗利叫的，而不是大家这么叫，也没有探索整个沿海地区。不符合文章内容。和D选项“大多数人都没有经验”文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。5.语义推测题。根据文章倒数第三句The survivors of the first settlement on Roanoke returned to England in 1586, but the second group of colonists disappeared without

25、leaving a trace.（在罗阿诺克建立第一个殖民地的幸存者于1586年回到英国，但第二批殖民者消失得无影无踪。），可知第一批殖民者回到英国，第二批殖民者不知道具体情况，C选项“在那里的居民命运未知”正确，A选项“在那里的定居者都放弃了，回到了英国”错误。B选项“持续了好几年”和D选项“被西班牙人征服”文中没有提到。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题Allow children the space to voice their opinions_they are different from your own.问题1选项A.untilB.even ifC.unlessD.as though【

26、答案】B【解析】考查词义辨析。A项“直到”；B项“尽管”；C项“除非”；D项“似乎”；句意：允许孩子有发言的空间，尽管他们的意见和你自己的有所不同。因此选B。4. 单选题He thought that he might be able to avoid paying some of his taxes by taking advantages of the _ in the law.问题1选项A.circleB.misunderstandingC.exceptionD.loop holes【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项circle“周期”；B选项misunderstanding“误解”

27、；C选项exception“例外；异议”；D选项loop holes“漏洞”。句意：他认为他也许可以利用法律上的_来逃避缴纳一些税款。根据语境，这里是指钻法律的空子避税，D选项loop holes“漏洞”符合题意。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题These isolated elephant populations are _ to extinction.问题1选项A.fragileB.primitiveC.vulnerableD.susceptible【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项fragile“易碎的；不牢固的；虚弱的”；B选项primitive “原始的；落后的；（感觉或欲望）原始

28、本能的”；C选项vulnerable“（身体上或感情上）脆弱的；易受伤害的”，侧重指（由于有夹缝或弱点而）易受责难或攻击；D选项susceptible“易受（伤）的；易患（病）的”，侧重指易受影响。句意：这些_的大象种群很容易灭绝。根据语境，容易灭绝是因为容易受伤害，C选项vulnerable“（身体上或感情上）脆弱的；易受伤害的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题Although _ happened in that developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.问

29、题1选项A.whatB.whichC.howD.it【答案】A【解析】考查主语从句。句意：尽管发生在那个发达国家的事情听起来像科幻小说，但它也可能发生在世界其他地方。横线加happened in that developed country部分为主语从句，发生的事件用what作先行词，所以A选项what符合题意。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题This is the house _ last year when I was in this city.问题1选项A.about that I wrote to youB.that I wrote to youC.about which I wrote

30、to youD.which I wrote to you【答案】C【解析】考查后置定语从句。句子主干是this is the house，横线和last year部分是修饰house的定语从句，根据短语write about sth.得出about放在先行词前，定语从句中，介词后面用which不用that，所以C选项about which I wrote to you符合题意。句意：这就是我去年在这个城市时写信告诉你的那所房子。因此C选项正确。8. 单选题We can _ with a lot of unhappiness by uncovering and discarding the be

31、liefs that fuel it.问题1选项A.disposeB.dispenseC.dismissD.dispute【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。A选项dispose“处理；安排”，不与with连用；B选项dispense“分配；分发”，dispense with sth.“免除；省掉某物”；C选项dismiss“不予考虑；去除”，dismiss with“用去除”；D选项dispute“争论”dispute with“与辩论”。句意：我们可以通过揭露和抛弃加剧不快乐的信仰来_很多不快乐。根据语境，这里指去除不快乐的感受，所以B选项dispense with sth.“免除；省掉某物”

32、符合题意。因此B选项正确。9. 单选题John suggested _anything about it until they found out more facts.问题1选项A.not to sayB.saying notC.to say notD.not saying【答案】D【解析】考查动词用法。suggest后面只能接动名词v-ing，动名词的否定形式是在其前加not；其后不可以接to do/ be不定式。因此，D为正确答案。本句句意：“约翰建议，在他们找到更多的事实前，什么也不要说。”10. 单选题As modern science moves faster, two force

33、s are _ on professor: one is the time needed to keep on with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach.问题1选项A.exertedB.expiredC.exiledD.exempted【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项exerted“外露的”；B选项expired“过期的；失效的”；C选项exiled“被流放的；流亡的”；D选项exempted“被免除的”。句意：随着现代科学的快速发展，有两种力量_教授身上：一是继续从事这一职业所需的时间；另一个是教学所需的时间

34、。根据语境，这里指教授受两个方面的因素的影响，这两个方面同时显现出来，A选项exerted“外露的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。11. 单选题By the late nineteenth century, the focus for the engineers and builders of tunnels was beginning to shift from Europe to the United States and especially New York, where the rivers encircling Manhattan captured the imagination of

35、 tunnelers and challenged their ingenuity. The first to accept the challenge was a somewhat mysterious Californian named DeWitt Clinton Haskin, who turned up in New York in the 1870s with a proposal to tunnel through the sit under the Hudson River between Manhattan and Jersey City.Haskin eventually

36、abandoned the risky project. But a company organized by William McAdoo resumed the attack in 1902, working from both directions. McAdoos men were forced to blast when they ran into an unexpected ledge of rock, but with this obstacle surmounted the two headings met in 1904 and McAdoo donned oilskins

37、to become the Hudsons first underwater bank-to-bank pedestrian. Worlds Work magazine proudly reported in 1906 that New York could now be described as a body of land surrounded by tunnels. Three one-way shafts beneath the Hudson and two under the Harlem River were already holed through; three more Hu

38、dson tubes were being built. Eight separate tunnels were under construction beneath the East River.1. According to the passage, DeWitt Clinton Haskin came from _.2. What does the author imply about De Witt Clinton Haskins background?3. According to the passage, when did William McAdoo begin to work

39、on the Hudson River tunnel?4. According to the passage, the workers tunneling for William McAdoo were surprised to find which of the following where they were working?5. The quotation from Worlds Work magazine introduces facts about _.问题1选项A.Jersey CityB.EuropeC.CaliforniaD.New York问题2选项A.It did not

40、 qualify him to handle explosives.B.It was not something people knew much about.C.It included diverse work experiences.D.It included many inferior projects.问题3选项A.1870B.1902C.1904D.1906问题4选项A.OilB.SiltC.RockD.Shafts问题5选项A.cities that were building new tunnels to ManhattanB.peoples concern eve the we

41、akening of the citys foundationC.the role of New York City in promoting engineeringD.the number of tunnels being built at the time【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句somewhat mysterious Californian named DeWitt Clinton Haskin（有点神秘的加利福尼亚人德威特克林顿哈斯金），可知C选项“加利福尼亚”正确，A选项“泽西城”，B选项“欧洲”和D选项“纽约”

42、错误。因此C选项正确。2.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句somewhat mysterious Californian named DeWitt Clinton Haskin（有点神秘的加利福尼亚人德威特克林顿哈斯金），可知B选项“人们对他了解不多”正确，A选项“他没有资格操作炸药”，C选项“有不同的工作经历”和D选项“有许多劣质的工程”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。3.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句But a company organized by William McAdoo resumed the attack in 1902, working from both directions.（但

43、在1902年，威廉麦卡杜的公司恢复了工程，并且从两个方向开展修建工作。），可知B选项“1902年”正确，A选项“1870年”，C选项“1904年”和D选项“1906年”错误。因此B选项正确。4.事实细节题。根据第二段第三句McAdoos men were forced to blast when they ran into an unexpected ledge of rock（麦卡杜的工人出乎意料地撞到一块岩石时被迫爆破），可知C选项“岩石”正确，A选项“油”，B选项“淤泥”和D选项“竖井”错误。因此C选项正确。5.推理判断题。根据文章最后一、二句Three one-way shafts b

44、eneath the Hudson and two under the Harlem River were already holed through; three more Hudson tubes were being built. Eight separate tunnels were under construction beneath the East River.（在哈德逊河下面有三个单向井，哈勒姆河下面有两个竖井已经打通；另外三条哈德逊隧道正在建造中。在东河下方，八个独立的隧道正在建设中。），可知这里介绍的是D选项“当时正在修建的隧道数量”。A选项“正在修建通往曼哈顿的新隧道的城

45、市”，B选项“人们担心城市基础的削弱”和C选项“纽约市在促进工程方面的作用”不符合题意。因此D选项正确。12. 单选题Here _ you want to see.问题1选项A.comes the girlB.come does the girlC.the girl comesD.coming the girl is【答案】A【解析】考查倒装句。句意：你想见的女孩来了。here位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式，倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态，所以A选项comes the girl符合题意。因此A选项正确。13. 单选题The accident _ him of his sight

46、 and the use of his legs.问题1选项A.excludedB.disabledC.deprivedD.gripped【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项excluded“把排斥在外”；B选项disabled“使伤残；使无效”；C选项deprived“使丧失”；D选项gripped“紧握；强烈影响”。句意：这次事故使他_视力和双腿的功能。根据语境，这次事故让他的眼睛和双腿功能受损，所以disabled“使伤残；使无效”符合题意。因此B选项正确。14. 翻译题The carrot- and -stick theory of motivation (like Newtonia

47、n physical theory) works reasonably well under certain circumstances. 1. The means for satisfying mans physiological and (within limits), his safety needs can be provided or withheld by management. Employment itself is such a means and so are wages, working conditions and benefits. By these means th

48、e individual can be controlled so long as he is struggling for subsistence.But the carrot-and-stick theory does not work at all once man has reached an adequate subsistence level and is motivated primarily by higher needs. Management cannot provide a man with self-respect or with the respect of his

49、fellows, or with the satisfaction of needs for self- fulillment. 2. It can create such conditions that he is encouraged and enabled to seek such satisfactions for himself, or it can thwart him by failing to create those conditions.But this creation of conditions is not “control”. It is not a good de

50、vice for directing behavior.And so management finds itself in an odd position. The high standard of living created by our modern technological know-how provides quite adequately for the satisfaction of physiological and safely needs. The only significant exception is where management practices have

51、not created confidence in a “fair break” and thus where safety needs are thwarted. 3. But by making possiblethe satisfaction of low-level needs, management has deprived itself of the ability to use as motivators the devices on which conventional theory has taught it to rely-rewards, promises, incent

52、ives, or threats and other coercive devices.4. The philosophy of management by direction and control regardless of whether it is hard or soft is inadequate to motivate because the human needs on which this approach relies are today unimportant motivators of behavior. Direction and control are essent

53、ially useless in motivating people whose important needs are social and egoistic. Both the hard and the soft approach fail today because they are simply irrelevant to the situation. 5. People, deprived of opportunities to satisfy at work the needs which are now important to them, behave exactly as w

54、e right predict with indolence, passivity, resistance to change, lack of responsibility, willingness to follow the demagogue, unreasonable demands for economic benefits. It would seem that we are caught in a web of our own weaving.【答案】1. 【参考译文】这是满足人的生理和（在一定限度内）安全需要的手段，可以由管理部门提供，也可以不提供。就业本身就是一种手段，工资、

55、工作条件和福利也是如此。通过这些手段，只要一个人在为生存而挣扎，他就可以被控制。2. 【参考译文】它可以创造这样的条件，鼓励并使他能够为自己寻求这样的满足，也可以通过不创造这些条件来阻挠他。3. 【参考译文】但是，通过满足低层需求，管理者丧失了使用激励器的能力，而传统理论已将其作为奖励、承诺、激励或威胁以及其他强制性手段所依赖的手段。4. 【参考译文】不管是硬还是软，通过方向和控制进行管理的哲学都无法激发人们的积极性，因为如今这种方法所依赖的人类需求已不再是行为的重要推动者。5. 【参考译文】人们被剥夺了在工作中满足现在对他们来说很重要的需求的机会，他们表现得恰如我们所预料的那样，表现为懒惰、

56、消极、抵制变革、缺乏责任感、乐于追随煽动者、对经济利益的不合理要求。15. 单选题I would prefer to spend the weekend at home _.问题1选项A.rather than drive outB.than to drive outC.rather than drove outD.to driving out【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。prefer to do rather than do“宁可做而不做”，A选项rather than drive out符合题意。其余选项用法错误。句意：我宁愿在家度周末也不愿开车出去。因此A选项正确。16. 单选题The

57、 study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new industry called biotechnology. As the name suggests, it blends biology and modern technology through such techniques a genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, specialize in agriculture and are working enthusias

58、tically to patent seeds that give a high yield, that resist disease, drought, and frost, and that reduce the need for hazardous chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised concerns about genetically engineered crops.“In nature, genetic diversity is c

59、reated within certain limits,” says the book Genetic Engineering, Food, and Our Environment. “A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato” Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into

60、 another in an attempt to transfer a desired property or character. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. It is now possible for

61、 plants to be engineered with genes taken from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans. In essence, then, biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that separate species.Like the green revolution, what some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic unifor

62、mitysome say even more so because geneticists can employ techniques such as cloning and tissue culture, processes that produce perfectly identical copies, or clones. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new issues, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. “We are flying blindly into a new er