2022年考博英语-南开大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷20

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1、2022年考博英语-南开大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Recently the newspapers have reported several （ ） on the boundaries of Israel and Jordan.问题1选项A.accidentsB.incidentsC.eventsD.happenings【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。accidents“意外事故, 交通事故”；incidents“事件，事变”；events“大事件，项目”；happenings“意外发生的事”。句意：最近，报纸报道了几起发生在以色列和约旦边境上的事件。首先可排除选项A

2、和D；选项B含有“事变”的意思，更符合语境，所以正确。2. 单选题Difficult as it is, English study is in the long run （ ） to a learner in his or her career development.问题1选项A.rewardingB.advantageousC.profitableD.earning【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。rewarding“有益的, 值得的, 有报酬的”;advantageous“有利的, 有益的”;profitable“有利可图的, 赚钱的”;earning “收入, 所赚的钱”。尽管英语学

3、习很困难, 但从长远来看, 它对于学习者的职业发展来说是值得的。选项A符合语境。3. 单选题Four weeks after the suicide bombing, the police were still hunting for bombers for they believe more were（ ） .问题1选项A.on the vergeB.on the spotC.on the looseD.on the sly【答案】D【解析】介词短语辨析。on the verge“濒临, 在的边缘”;on the spot“当场, 在危险中”;on the loose“散漫, 放荡”;on

4、the sly“偷偷地, 秘密地”。句意:自杀式爆炸事件发生四周后, 警方仍在搜捕爆炸犯罪分子, 因为他们相信还有更多的爆炸分子躲在暗处。选项D符合句意。4. 单选题It goes without saying that people who refuse to （ ） with the law will be punished.问题1选项A.complyB.concealC.consentD.abide【答案】A【解析】动词搭配。comply with“遵守, 顺从”;conceal“隐藏, 隐瞒”;consent“同意, 赞成”;abide“持续, 忍受”。句意:不用说, 拒绝遵守法律的人

5、都将受到惩罚。选项A符合句意。5. 单选题The doctors are very much worried about the（ ） of the patients condition after operation.问题1选项A.dispositionB.deliberationC.deteriorationD.diversion【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。disposition“处置, 性情”;deliberation“审议, 考虑”;deterioration“恶化, 退化”;diversion“消遣, 转移注意力”。句意:医生非常担心病人手术后情况会恶化。选项C符合句意。6. 单

6、选题He soon regained his self-confidence for he found himself （ ） to others in many respects.问题1选项A.betterB.worseC.superiorD.inferior【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意：他很快恢复了自信，因为他发现自己在许多方面都比别人优秀。根据介词to可首先排除选项A和B，根据句意可知选项C正确。7. 单选题The mayor is a woman with great（ ） therefore deserves our political and financial supp

7、ort.问题1选项A.intentionB.instinctC.integrityD.intensity【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。intention 意图，目的；instinct本能，直觉；integrity正直，廉正；intensity强度，紧张。句意：市长是一位非常廉正的女性，因此值得我们给予政治上和财政上的支持。选项C符合句意。8. 单选题You have lived in many foreign countries so Id expect you to have some sort of （ ） people who have just arrived here.问题1选项A

8、.love forB.concern forC.sympathy forD.empathy for【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。句意:你在很多国家居住过，所以我想你应该和刚到这里的人会有一些共鸣。只有选项D符合语境。9. 单选题Most people cant get （ ）the day without at least one cup of tea or coffee.问题1选项A.onB.overC.throughD.by【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。句意:没有一杯茶或者咖啡, 大多数人都无法清醒地过完这一天。get through表示“度过, 熬过”。所以选项C正确。10. 单选题Bo

9、th television commercials and programs present （ ） view of the material world, one which promotes a standard of living that most of us can probably not attain.问题1选项A.a standardizedB.an unrealisticC.a betterD.an interesting【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据下句“most of us can probably not attain”可推测，这个观点是不切实际的，所以选项B符

10、合语境。11. 单选题Science and technology actually help to （ ） the useful and pleasant parts of traditional culture.问题1选项A.preserveB.prevailC.reserveD.precede【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。句意:科学技术实际上有助于保存传统文化中有用的和讨人喜欢的部分。选项中只有A和C有保留，保存的意思。preserve强调保护东西完好无损;reserve指保存储备留作后用。根据句意可知，选项A更符合语境。12. 单选题However important we rega

11、rd school life to be, there is no gainsaying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously

12、hinder and thwart curricular objectives.Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents apprised of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matter as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing and developmental mathematics.Moreove

13、r, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The informal tea and many interviews carried on during the year, as well as new ways of reporting pupils progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay betw

14、een school and home.To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in d

15、iscussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize

16、his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics, and at the same time, enjoying the work.Too often, however, teachers conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of childrens misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestion for penalties and rewards at h

17、ome.What is needed is more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom. In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of

18、youngsters capacities.1.The central idea conveyed in the above passage is that（ ）.2.It can reasonably be inferred that the author （ ） .3.We may infer that the writer of this article does not favor （ ） .问题1选项A.home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hours w

19、ith his parentsB.teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the objectives of the schoolC.there are many ways in which the mathematics program can be implemented at homeD.parents unwittingly have hindered and thwarted curricular objectives问题2选项A.is satisfied with present relation

20、ships between home and schoolB.feels that the traditional program in mathematics is slightly superior to the developmental programC.feels that parent-teacher interviews can be made much more constructive than they are at presentD.is of the opinion that teachers of this generation are inferior to tho

21、se of the last generation问题3选项A.a fathers helping his son with the latters studiesB.written communications to the parent from the teacherC.having the parents observe lessons which the children are being taughtD.principal-parent conferences rather than teacher-parent conferences【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D【解析

22、】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，第一段提出父母对孩子的影响是不容忽视的，接下来的内容主要是讨论如何帮助家长理解并且推进学校目标的关键教师。所以选项B更能概括全文。2.细节推理题。根据最后一段的内容，作为一名专业顾问，教师最需要的是一种创造性的方法和家长沟通，以便他们知道如何有效的利用孩子们的课外时间。由此可知，作者认为教师和家长之间的沟通可以更进一步，更具有建设性意义。选项C符合原文。3.信息推断题。根据第三段的内容可知，老师在得到管理员允许的情况下也可以起到启发家长的重要作用，非正式的茶会和许多访谈，以及报告学生进步的新方法，都可以显著地帮助实现学校和家庭之间的和谐互动。由此可知，作者支

23、持的是老师来进行面谈会而不是校长，所以选项D符合原文。13. 单选题Reporters and photographers alike took great （ ） at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.问题1选项A.annoyanceB.offenceC.resentmentD.irritation【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。take offence at sth.表示“对.感到生气”。句意:记者和摄影师都对演员在采访中的粗鲁行为感到十分生气。irritation一般与feel搭配，所以选项B正确。14. 单选题The

24、new colleague （ ） to have worked in several big corporations before he joined our company.问题1选项A.confirmsB.declaresC.confessesD.claims【答案】D【解析】近义词辨析。confirm确认，证实;declare宣布，声明;选项A和B都是后接名词短语或that从句;confess承认，坦白，confess (to) doing sth.承认做过某事;claim声称，断言，后可接名词短语、that从句, 也可接不定式短语, 不定式中的动作发生在claim之前, 则用不定式

25、完成式。所以选项D正确。15. 单选题As a way of （ ） the mails while they were away, the Johnsons asked the cleaning lady to send little printed slips asking the senders to write again later.问题1选项A.picking upB.coping withC.passing outD.getting across【答案】B【解析】词组辨析。pick up捡起，获得；cope with处理，应付；pass out昏倒，分发；get across通过

26、，使被理解。根据下文，让清洁女工把打印好的小纸条寄出去让寄件人稍后再写。这是处理邮件的一种方式，所以选项B符合句意。16. 单选题Of all the wild dogs, none is more closely related to the （ ） dog than to the wolf.问题1选项A.domesticatedB.barkingC.lazyD.running【答案】A【解析】语境判断。根据语境可以推断，填空处应该和wild意思相反，所以选项A最为恰当。句意：对于野狗来说，他们和狼的关系比家犬和狼的关系更为亲密。17. 写作题Nowadays, advertisements

27、 can be found everywhere in a big city such as Shanghai. They shout at us from the television screen and radio loudspeakers, wave to us from every page of the newspaper, signal to us from the roadside billboards all day and flash messages to us in colored lights all night. What do you think of the f

28、lood of advertising make any contribution to our society? For this part you are to write a composition on the topic If There Were No Advertisements. You should illustrate your viewpoints on advertisement in no less than 200 words. 【答案】18. 单选题These small companies now have their own（ ）identity.问题1选项A

29、.discreetB.discreteC.separatedD.isolated【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。discreet“谨慎的, 小心的”;discrete“离散的;独立的”;separated“分开的;分居的”;isolated“孤立的;单独的”。句意:这些小公司现在都有了它们自己独立的身份。选项B更符合句意。19. 单选题In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, w

30、ell-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the tact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and

31、that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-collar and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also be

32、cause they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious

33、. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more d matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are test

34、ed for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along. etc. This const

35、ant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainl

36、y not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full devel

37、opment of his potentialitiesthose of love and of reasonare the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.1.By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to render the idea that man is （ ）.2.

38、From die passage we can inter that real happiness of life belongs to those（ ） .3.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should（ ） .4.The authors attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of（ ） .问题1选项A.a necessary part of the society though each individu

39、als function is negligibleB.working in complete harmony with the rest of the societyC.an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothlyD.a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly问题2选项A.who are at the bottom of the societyB.who prove

40、 better than their fellow-competitorsC.who could keep far away from this competitive worldD.who are higher up in their social status问题3选项A.resort to the production mode of our ancestorsB.offer higher wages to the workers and employeesC.enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD.take the fundame

41、ntal realities for granted问题4选项A.approvalB.dissatisfactionC.suspicionD.tolerance【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B【解析】1.信息推断题。根据第一段“.yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless.”, 由此推断, 作者将人比喻成机械中运转良好的齿轮, 实则是想表明人们相对于社会中其他部分来说已经变得不那么重要了。选项C符合原文。2.信息推理题。根据第二段的内容可知, 作者认为这些人之所以焦虑是因为处

42、于一个竞争激烈的社会之中, 只有远离了竞争激烈的社会, 才会有真正幸福的生活。所以选项C正确。3.事实细节题。根据最后一段的内容可知，作者建议将官僚主义的工业转变为以人为本的工业主义，使人能充分发挥他的潜力。选项C符合原文。4.态度判断题。根据文章内容可知, 作者认为现在的工业主义使人丧失了其在社会中应发挥的重要作用, 最后一段提到了作者建议将工业主义转变为一种以人为本的工业主义, 所以作者对待工业主义的态度是不满的。选项B正确。20. 单选题Making private phone calls on the office phone is severely （ ） on in our country.问题1选项A.criticizedB.regardedC.objectedD.frowned【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：在我国，用办公室电话打私人电话会受到严厉的批评。选项A符合句意。frowned皱眉，不满。