2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷6

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1、2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Nowadays, our government advocates credit to whatever we do or whoever we contact with. Once you _your words, you will lose your social status and personal reputation.问题1选项A.keep up withB.give away fromC.go back onD.lose sight of【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“keep up

2、 with”意为“赶得上；和保持联系”；B选项“give away from”没有这个词组；C选项“go back on”意为“违背；背弃”；D选项“lose sight of”意为“忽略；不再看见”。句意：现在，我们的政府提倡无论我们做什么或与任何人交往都要讲信用。一旦你食言，你就会失去你的社会地位和个人声誉。由题干可知，lose your social status and personal reputation（失去你的社会地位和个人声誉），说明我们没有做到言而有信，违背了自己说的话，别人就不再信任我们。因此C选项符合题意。2. 单选题There are a few small thin

3、gs that I dont like about my job, but（ ）its very enjoyable.问题1选项A.all at onceB.once and for allC.so much asD.by and large【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项all at once“突然”；B选项once and for all“一劳永逸地；彻底地；最后一次”；C选项so much as“甚至于；连都不”；D选项by and large“大体上，总的来说”。句意：虽然工作上的一些小事情让我讨厌，但是总的来说它是非常令人愉快的。由题干中的“a few small things

4、一些小事情”和表示转折的“but”可知“by and large总的来说”符合语境，因此D选项正确。3. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your translation on the Answer Sheet II.We will effectively conserve resources and protect the environment. We will actively respond to climate change. We will strengthen resour

5、ce conservation and management, become better able to ensure adequate supplies of resources, intensify the protection of farmland and the environment, strengthen ecological development and systems to prevent and mitigate natural disasters, and comprehensively build our capacity for sustainable devel

6、opment. The proportion of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption should reach 11.4 percent; energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per until of GDP should be reduced by 16 percent and 17 percent respectively; the release of major pollutant should be reduced by 8 percent to 10 percen

7、t; forest stock should be increased by 600 million cubic meters; and forest cover should be increased to 21.66 percent. We will substantially improve water conservancy facilities; make progress in better controlling important tributaries of large rivers as well as lakes and small and medium-sized ri

8、vers; and significantly improve agricultural irrigation, the efficiency of water resources use and resistance to flooding.【答案】我们将抓好节约资源和保护环境。我们将积极应对气候变化。我们将加强资源节约和管理，提高资源保障能力，加强对耕地和环境的保护力度，加强生态建设以及防灾减灾体系建设，全面增强可持续发展能力。非化石燃料在一次能源消费中的比例应达到11.4%；单位GDP的能源消耗和二氧化碳排放量应分别减少16%和17%，主要污染物排放量应减少8%至10%，森林蓄积量应增加

9、6亿立方米，森林覆盖率应增加到21.66%。我们将大幅改善水利设施；更好地推进大江大河重要支流以及中小型河流的治理，并显著提高农业灌溉、水资源利用效率和抵抗洪水能力。4. 单选题No clear-cut distinction can be draw between professionals and amateurs in science. （ ） the word amateur does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community.问

10、题1选项A.NeverthelessB.ThenC.BesidesD.As a result【答案】A【解析】考查副词和词组辨析。A选项nevertheless“然而，不过”；B选项then“然后；于是”；C选项besides“此外；而且”；D选项as a result“结果；因此”。句意：在科学领域，专业人士和业余爱好者之间划不出泾渭分明的界线。然而，“业余”一词的确意味着相关人员不能充分融入职业科学界。由题干中的“does carry a connotation确实暗示着”可知与前面存在转折关系，因此A选项正确。5. 单选题I must go now.（ ）, if you want th

11、at book Ill bring it next time.问题1选项A.IncidentallyB.AccidentallyC.OccasionallyD.Subsequently【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项incidentally“顺便说一句；偶然地；附带地”；B选项accidentally“意外地；偶然地”；C选项occasionally“偶尔；间或”；D选项subsequently“随后，其后；后来”。句意：我现在必须离开了。顺便说一句，如果你想要那本书，那么我下次将把它带来。根据句中“I must go now我现在必须离开了”可知“顺便说一句”符合语境， 因此A选项正确

12、。6. 单选题There were no tickets（ ）for Fridays performance.问题1选项A.preferableB.possibleC.considerableD.available【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项preferable“更好的，更可取的；更合意的”；B选项possible“可能的；合理的；合适的”；C选项considerable“相当大的；重要的，值得考虑的”；D选项available“可获得的；可购买的；可找到的；有空的”。句意：周五的演出已没有票可购买。根据句中“There were no tickets没有票”可知“可购买的”符合语

13、境，因此D选项正确。7. 单选题Brushing removes larger particles, but dentists suggest brushing the back of the tongue as well, where food residues and bacteria _.问题1选项A.flourishB.collaborateC.embarkD.congregate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“flourish”意为“繁荣，茂盛；处于旺盛时期；炫耀”；B选项“collaborate”意为“合作；勾结，通敌”；C选项“embark”意为“上船（或飞机）；（使）上

14、船（或登机）；从事”；D选项“congregate”意为“聚集”。句意：刷牙可以清除较大的颗粒，但牙医建议也要刷舌头后部，那里有食物残渣和细菌聚集。由题干可知，food residues and bacteria（食物残渣和细菌），可以推测出是有这些东西的聚集，所以牙医建议也要刷舌头的后部。因此D选项符合题意。8. 单选题He must not allow this unusual barrier to stop him from fighting against the enemy.问题1选项A.interiorB.obstacleC.interruptionD.interference【答

15、案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。barrier“障碍，屏障；界线”；A选项interior“内部；内饰”；B选项obstacle“障碍，干扰”；C选项interruption“中断；干扰”；D选项interference“干扰，干涉”。句意：他不能让这个不寻常的障碍妨碍他同敌人作战。根据句中“stop him阻止他”可知barrier在这里的意思为“障碍”，因此B选项正确。9. 单选题On this barren place on Aikhanom Hill, overlooking fields peppered with land mines, soldiers come to lay a s

16、tone or say a prayer for friends lost in years of war.问题1选项A.infertileB.disastrousC.plausibleD.impeccable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。横线单词barren意为“贫瘠的；不生育的；无益的”；A选项“infertile”意为“不肥沃的；不毛的；不结果实的”；B选项“disastrous”意为“灾难性的；损失惨重的；悲伤的”；C选项“plausible”意为“看似可信的；花言巧语的；貌似真实的”；D选项“impeccable”意为“无瑕疵的，完美的；不会犯罪过的”。句意：在Aikhanom山

17、上这个贫瘠的地方，可以俯瞰布满地雷的田野，士兵们前来为在多年战争中失去的朋友们放置石块或祈祷。由题干可知，fields peppered with land mines（布满地雷的田野）还有士兵前来悼念自己逝去的朋友，可以推测出这里曾经是一个战场。被战争摧残过的土地应该是荒芜贫瘠的。由此可推知，barren在此处是“贫瘠的”的意思。因此A选项符合题意。10. 单选题The 1982 Oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of assets held by the Corporation, and _the Corporations

18、 statutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as to permit private companies to compete in this supply.问题1选项A.defersB.curtailsC.triggersD.sparks【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“defers”意为“推迟；延期；服从”；B选项“curtails”意为“缩减；剪短；剥夺特权”；C选项“triggers”意为“触发，引起；开动（装置）”；D选项“sparks”意为“发出火花；点燃；导致；求婚”。句意：1982年的石油和天

19、然气法案赋予了允许处理公司持有资产的权力，并在供应天然气充当燃料的目的上，剥夺了公司的法定垄断特权，从而允许私人公司在供应方面竞争。由题干可知，横线后是the Corporations statutory monopoly（公司的法定垄断特权）而后文又说到to permit private companies to compete（允许私人公司在供应方面竞争），由此可以推测出应该是剥夺了公司的垄断特权，所以私人公司才能在供应方面竞争。因此B选项符合题意。11. 单选题Lines of latitude run horizontally and are parallel to the Equat

20、or and lines of longitude run vertically. They（ ）at the North and South Poles.问题1选项A.convergeB.convokeC.convoyD.convulse【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项converge“使汇聚；聚集，靠拢”；B选项convoke“召集”；C选项convoy“护航；护送”；D选项convulse“震撼；使剧烈震动；使抽搐”。句意：纬度线是水平的，与赤道平行，经线是垂直的。它们在南极和北极汇合。题干中提到“Lines of latitude纬线”、“lines of longitude经线

21、”和“at the North and South Poles在南北极”，由此可推断出“聚集”符合语境，因此A选项正确。12. 不定项选择题It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing state of literacy. These figures from the Department of Education are sufficient: 27 million Americans cannot read at all, and a further 35 million read at a

22、 level that sufficient to survive in our society.But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence

23、, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading. It has been suggested that almost 80 percent of Americas literate, educated teenagers can no longer read without an accompanying noise (music) in the background or a television screen f

24、lickering at the corner of their field of perception. We know very little about the brain and live it deals with simultaneous conflicting input, blitz every common-sense intuition suggests we should be profoundly alarmed. This violation of concentration, silence, solitude goes to the very heart of o

25、ur notion of literacy; this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration, let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, wh

26、ich is to learn it by heart. Not by brain, by heart; the expression is vital.Under these circumstances, the question of what future there is for the arts of reading is a real one. Ahead of us lie technical, psychic, and social transformations probably much more dramatic than those brought about by G

27、utenberg, the German inventor in printing. The Gutenberg revolution, as we now know it, took a long time, its effects are still being debated. The information revolution will touch every facet of composition, publication, distribution, and reading. No one in the book industry can say with any confid

28、ence what will happen to the book as weve known it.1. The picture of the reading ability of the American people, drawn by the author, is（ ）.2. The authors biggest concern is（ ）.3. A major problem with most adolescents who can read is（ ）.4. The author claims that the best way a reader can show admira

29、tion for a piece of poetry or prose is（ ）.5. About the future of the arts of reading the author feels（ ）.问题1选项A.rather bleakB.very impressiveC.fairly brightD.quite encouraging问题2选项A.elementary school childrens disinterest in reading classicsB.the surprisingly low rate of literacy in the U.SC.the mus

30、ical setting American readers require for readingD.the reading ability and reading behavior of the middle class问题3选项A.their fondness of music and TV programsB.their ignorance of various forms of art and literatureC.their lack of attentiveness and basic understandingD.their inability to focus on conf

31、licting input问题4选项A.to be able to appreciate it and memorize itB.to analyze its essential featuresC.to think it over conscientiouslyD.to make a fair appraisal of its artistic value问题5选项A.upsetB.alarmedC.uncertainD.pessimistic【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段第二句“27 million Americ

32、ans cannot read at all, and a further 35 million read at a level that sufficient to survive in our society. 2700万美国人根本不能进行阅读，还有3500万美国人的阅读水平足以在我们的社会中生存。”可知A项“相当凄凉的”与原文相符。B项“令人印象深刻”；C项“非常有希望的”；D项“非常令人鼓舞”。因此A选项正确。第2题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第二段第一句“But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem

33、of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence 但是，今天我自己所担心的，与其说是基本识字这一压倒一切的问题，还不如说是一个稍微奢侈一点的问题：甚至是中产阶级读者的阅读技能在下降，他们不愿给自己留出沉默的空间”可知D项“中产阶级的阅读能力和阅读行为”与原文相符。A项“小学

34、生对阅读经典名著不感兴趣”，原文并没有相关表达；B项“美国社会读写能力出奇的低”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“美国读者需要阅读的音乐背景”，原文并没有相关表达。因此D选项正确。第3题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第二段第四句“This violation of concentration, silence, solitude goes to the very heart of our notion of literacy; this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, rende

35、rs impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration. 这种对专注、沉默和孤独的侵犯触及了我们对识字概念的核心；这种在背景干扰下的部分阅读、部分感知的新形式，使得某些基本的理解和集中行为变得不可能”可知C项“他们缺乏专注和基本理解”与原文相符。A项“他们喜欢音乐和电视节目”，原文并没有相关表达；B项“他们对各种形式的艺术和文学的忽视”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“他们不能专注于相冲突的信息”，原文并没有相关表达。因此C选项正确。第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第二段倒数第三行中“let alone tha

36、t most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart. Not by brain, by heart; the expression is vital. 更不用说对一首他或她真正喜欢的诗歌或散文最重要的赞颂了，那就是把它熟记在心。不是靠头脑，而是靠记忆；这种表达方式至关重要。”可知A项“为了能够欣赏它并记住它”与原文相符。B项“分析其本质特征”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“认真考虑它”，

37、原文并没有相关表达；D项“对其艺术价值做出公正的评价”，原文并没有相关表达。因此A选项正确。第5题:观点态度题。由题干定位到文章最后一段最后一句“No one in the book industry can say with any confidence what will happen to the book as weve known it. 在图书行业中，没有人可以自信地说出我们所知晓的图书的未来将是什么。”可知C项“不确定的”正确。A项“不安的”；B项“担心的”；D项“悲观的”。因此C选项正确。13. 单选题He planned to buy an apartment since h

38、e is going to get married next year, but the cost of the property in the big cities is _.问题1选项A.promptB.proportionalC.prohibitiveD.progressive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“prompt”意为“敏捷的，迅速的；立刻的，及时的；准时的”；B选项“proportional”意为“比例的，成比例的；相称的，均衡的”；C选项“prohibitive”意为“禁止的；抑制的；（费用，价格等）过高的”；D选项“progressive”意为“进步的；先进的”。

39、句意：由于明年就要结婚了，他打算买一套公寓，但大城市的房价高得令人望而却步。由题干可知，but表转折，说明the cost of the property in the big cities（大城市的房价）阻碍了他想买房子的计划，由此可推测出大城市的房价高得超出他的承受能力。因此C选项符合题意。14. 单选题From 1965 to 1978 American consumer prices increased at an average annual rate of 5.7 percent. This ominous shift was followed by consumer price

40、gains of 13.3 percent in 1979.问题1选项A.promisingB.overwhelmingC.threateningD.astonishing【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。ominous“预兆的；不吉利的”；A选项promising“有希望的，有前途的”；B选项overwhelming“压倒性的；势不可挡的”；C选项threatening“危险的；胁迫的；凶兆的”；D选项astonishing“惊人的；令人惊讶的”。句意：从1965年到1978年，美国消费者价格平均每年增长5.7%。这种不吉利的转变之后，1979年消费者价格上涨了13.3%。“ominous”

41、本身就有“不吉利的”的意思，因此C选项正确。15. 单选题Probability is the mathematical study of the（ ）of an events occurrence.问题1选项A.desireB.likelihoodC.resultD.effect【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项desire“欲望；要求，心愿”；B选项likelihood“可能性，可能”；C选项result“结果；成绩”；D选项effect“影响；效率；作用”。句意：几率是对一件事发生的可能性所进行的数学研究。根据句中“probability几率”可知“可能性”符合语境，因此B选项正确。

42、16. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your translation on the Answer Sheet II.The hypothesis of natural selection may not be a complete explanation, but it led to a greater thing than itself an acceptance of the theory of organic evolution, which the years have bu

43、t confined. Yet at first some naturalists joined the opposition. To the many, who were unable to judge the biological evidence, the effect of the theory of evolution seemed incredible as well as devastating, to run counter to common sense and to overwhelm all philosophic and religious landmarks. Eve

44、n educated man, choosing between the Book of Genesis and the Origin of Species, proclaimed with Disraeli that he was “on the side of the Angels”.【答案】自然选择的假说可能不是一个完整的解释，但它引出了一个比它本身更伟大的东西对有机进化理论的接受，这一理论多年来一直受到限制。然而，起初有些博物学家加入了反对阵营。对许多无法判断生物学证据的人来说，进化论的影响似乎难以置信，而且是毁灭性的，它与常识背道而驰，压倒了所有哲学和宗教的里程碑。即使是受过教育的人

45、，在创世纪和物种起源中做出选择时，也会和迪斯雷利一起宣称自己“站在天使一边”。17. 单选题When the Pacific War broke out, Edward was drafted by navy and served four full years on a big aircraft carrier.问题1选项A.enlistedB.mobilizedC.approvedD.attracted【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。draft“起草；制定；征募”；A选项enlist“征募；赞助”；B选项mobilize“动员；调动；使流通”；C选项approve“批准；赞成”；D选项at

46、tract“吸引；引起”。句意：太平洋战争爆发时，爱德华应征入伍，在一艘大型航空母舰上服役了整整四年。由题干中的“served four full years on a big aircraft carrier在一艘大的航空母舰上服役了整整四年”可知was drafted在这里是“被征募”的意思，因此A选项正确。18. 单选题Heavy rains were causing inundation and much damage throughout the country.问题1选项A.much inconvenienceB.serious concernC.overflow of water

47、D.human misery【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。inundation“洪水”；A选项much inconvenience“很多不便”；B选项serious concern“高度关注”；C选项overflow of water“水的泛滥”；D选项human misery“人类的苦难”。句意：暴雨在整个国家造成洪水和很多损毁。由题干中的“Heavy rains暴雨”可推知inundation在这里有“洪水”的意思，因此C选项正确。19. 不定项选择题Some people say that the study of liberal arts is a useless luxury we

48、 cannot afford in hard times. Students, they argue, who do not develop salable kills will find it difficult to land a job upon graduation. But there is a problem in speaking of “salable skills”. What skills are salable? Right now, skills for making automobiles are not highly salable, but they have b

49、een for decades and might be again. Skills are another example of varying salability, as the job market fluctuates. Whats more, if one wants to build a curriculum exclusively on what is salable, one will have to make the courses very short and change them very often, in order to keep up with the rap

50、id changes in the job market. But will not the effort be in vain? In very few things can we be sure of future salability, and in a society where people are free to study what they want, and work where they want, and invest as they want, there is no way to keep supply and demand in labor in perfect a

51、ccord.A school that devotes itself totally to salable skills, especially in a time of high unemployment, sending young men and women into the world armed with only a narrow range of skills, is also sending lambs into the lions den. If those people gain nothing more from their studies than supposedly

52、 salable skills, and cant make the sale because of changes in the job market, they have been cheated. But if those skills were more than salable, if study gave them a better understanding of the world around them and greater adaptability in a changing world, they have not been cheated. They will fin

53、d some kind of job soon enough. Flexibility, and ability to change and learn new things, is a valuable skill. People who have learned how to learn can learn outside of school. That is where most of us have learned to do what we do, not in school. Learning to learn is one of the highest liberal skill

54、s.1. From the passage, we can learn that the author is favor of（ ）.2. The word “fluctuate” (Line5, Para. 1) most probably means（ ）.3. According to the author, who of the following is more likely to get a job in times of high unemployment?4. According to the author, in developing a curriculum school

55、should（ ）.5. We can learn from the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.teaching practical skill that can be sold in the current job marketB.a flexible curriculum that changes with the timesC.a liberal educationD.keeping a balance between the supply and demand in the labor market问题2选项A.remain steadyB.change in an

56、 irregular wayC.follow a set patternD.become worse and worse问题3选项A.A person with the ability to learn by himself.B.A construction workers.C.A car repairman.D.A person with quite a few salable skills.问题4选项A.predict the salability of skills in the future job marketB.take the current job market into co

57、nsiderationC.consider what skills are salableD.focus on the ability to adapt to changes问题5选项A.liberal arts education is being challenged nowB.schools that teach practical skills fare better during hard timesC.extracurricular activities are more important than classroom learningD.many students feel c

58、heated by the educational system【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:判断推理题。由题干定位到文章最后一段第三句“if study gave them a better understanding of the world around them and greater adaptability in a changing world, they have not been cheated”，如果学习能让他们更好地了解周围的世界，更能适应不断变化的世界，那么他们就没有被欺骗。这说明作者赞同让学生能了解周围世界、适应世界变化的通

59、识教育。A选项“teaching practical skill that can be sold in the current job market”意为“教授能在当前就业市场上出售的实用技能”，由原文可知，作者认为就业市场是不断变化的，把年轻男女输送到只有有限技能的世界，是在把羔羊送入虎穴，所以作者是不赞同的；B选项“a flexible curriculum that changes with the times”意为“随时代变化的灵活课程”，作者对于这种课程的态度是“But will not the effort be in vain?”但这种努力不会是徒劳的吗？所以作者是不赞同的；C

60、选项“a liberal education”意为“通识教育”，与原文相符；D选项“keeping a balance between the supply and demand in the labor market”意为“保持劳动力市场供求平衡”，原文“there is no way to keep supply and demand in labor in perfect accord”我们不可能使劳动力的供求完全一致，所以作者是不赞同的。因此C选项符合题意。第2题:语义推测题。由fluctuate定位到文章第一段第六句“Skills are another example of var

61、ying salability, as the job market fluctuates”，随着就业市场的波动，技能是可售性变化的另一个例子。并且由后文可知，the rapid changes in the job market 就业市场是快速变化的。A选项“remain steady”，意为“保持稳定”，与原文不符；B选项“change in an irregular way”意为“不规则的变化”，与原文相符；C选项“follow a set pattern”意为“遵循固定模式”，原文并未提及就业市场的变化有固定的模式；D选项“become worse and worse”意为“变得越来越

62、糟”，原文只是指变化但没有说是往糟糕的方向发展。因此B选项符合题意。第3题:判断推理题。由high unemployment定位到文章第二段。文章第二段提到现在是个高失业率的时代，首先从反面举例如果只学会少数技能就进入社会等于羊入虎穴，接着又说到学习理解和适应这个改变的世界能更快找到工作，最后总结道“Learning to learn is one of the highest liberal skills”学会学习是最高的不受限制的技能之一，因此有自学能力的更容易找到工作。A选项“A person with the ability to learn by himself”意为“有自学能力的人”，符合原文；B选项“A construction workers”意为“一位建筑工人”，C选项“A car repairman”意为“一位汽车修理工”和D选项“A person with quite a few salable skills”意为“一个有相当多的销售技巧的人”，都只是掌握了少数技能，但不是自学的能力。因此A选项符合题意。第4题:判断推理题。由developing a curriculum school定位到文章第一段第七句“Whats more, if one wants to bui