2022年考博英语-江苏大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷23

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1、2022年考博英语-江苏大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 翻译题中华民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因为我们的苦闷，基本上比西方人为少为小：因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。【答案】Since ancient times the Chinese nationalities have never considered human beings to be superior to other species. As is reflected in Chinese philos

2、ophy, in the natural world human beings occupy a reasonable position in proportion to all other creatures and the former do not absolutely dominate the latter. Therefore, generally speaking, we Chinese feel depressed less often and less severely than people in the west, for the intensity of ones dep

3、ression literally varies with the magnitude of ones desire and ambition.2. 单选题If she is stupid, shes _ pleasant to look at.问题1选项A.at any rateB.by chanceC.at a lossD.by the way【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. at any rate无论如何，至少 B. by chance偶然；意外地C. at a loss困惑不解；不知所措 D. by the way顺便问一下【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】按照句意“虽然她很笨，但_她

4、长得很好看”可知，空格处含有让步的意味，A项符合句意，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项都不符合句意。【句意】虽然她很笨，但至少她长得很好看。3. 单选题The young woman was so beautiful that she _ every other woman at the ball.问题1选项A.belittledB.foiledC.offsetD.eclipsed【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. belittled贬低；小看 B. foiled挫败；阻止C. offset抵消；弥补 D. eclipsed使失色；黯然失色【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据soth

5、at可知，此处是结果状语从句，根据前半句句意“那位年轻女子是如此漂亮”可推知，she _ every other woman是指“她令其他女子黯然失色”，故该题选择D项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项都不符合句意。【句意】那位年轻女子太漂亮了，使舞会上的其他妇女黯然失色。4. 不定项选择题It is often claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. We live in a consumer society where there is an enormous demand for commercial

6、 products of all kinds. Moreover, an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem of mass unemployment. Such an increase presumes an abundant and cheap energy supply. Many people believe that nuclear energy provides an inexhaustible and economical source of power

7、 and chat it is therefore essential for an industrially developing society. There are a number of other advantages in the use of nuclear energy. Firstly, nuclear power, except for accidents, is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclear power station can be run and maintained by relatively few tec

8、hnical and administrative staff. The nuclear reactor represents an enormous step in our scientific evolution and, whatever the anti-nuclear group says, it is wrong to expect a return to more primitive sources of fuel. However, opponents of nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a

9、 direct threat not only to the environment but also to civil liberties.Furthermore, it is questionable whether ultimately nuclear power is a cheap source of energy. There have, for example, been very costly accidents in America, in Britain and, of course, in Russia. The possibility of increases in t

10、he cost of uranium in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market. In the long run, environmentalists argue, nuclear energy wastes valuable resources and disturbs the ecology to an extent which could bring about the destruction of the human race. Thu

11、s, if we wish to survive, we cannot afford nuclear energy. In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programs are expanding. Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth will o

12、r can continue. Having weighed up the arguments on both sides, it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power.1. The writers attitude toward nuclear energy is _.2. According to the opponents of nuclear energy, which of the following is TRUE of

13、nuclear energy?3. Some people claim that nuclear energy is essential because _.4. Which of the following statements does the writer support?5. The function of the last sentence is to _.问题1选项A.indifferentB.favorableC.tolerantD.negative问题2选项A.Primitive.B.Exhaustible.C.Cheap.D.Unsafe.问题3选项A.it provides

14、 a perfect solution to mass unemploymentB.it represents an enormous step forward in our scientific evolutionC.it can meet the growing demand of an industrially developing societyD.nuclear power stations can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff问题4选项A.The demand f

15、or commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing.B.Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without.C.Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons.D.Greater safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear energy programs.问题5选项A.advance the final argume

16、ntB.reflect the writers attitudeC.reverse previously expressed thoughtsD.show the disadvantages of nuclear power【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.【选项释义】1. The writers attitude toward nuclear energy is _. 1. 作者对核能的态度是_。A. indifferent A. 漠不关心的B. favorable B. 支持的C. tolerant C. 宽容的D. negative D. 否定的【考查

17、点】观点态度题。【解题思路】根据第二段首句“此外，核能最终是否是一种廉价的能源也是个问题”，和最后一句“权衡双方的论点后，似乎有充分的经济和生态理由采用核能以外的能源”可知，作者主张利用其他能源，而不是核能，从中可以看出作者对核能持否定的态度，该题选择D项“否定的”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“漠不关心的”、B项“支持的”和C项“宽容的”根据解题思路可知，这三项属于曲解原文。2.【选项释义】2. According to the opponents of nuclear energy, which of the following is TRUE of nuclear energy? 2. 根

18、据核能的反对者，关于核能，下列哪项是正确的？A. Primitive. A. 原始的B. Exhaustible. B. 会枯竭的C. Cheap. C. 便宜的D. Unsafe. D. 不安全的【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第一段最后一句“然而，核能的反对者指出，核电站不仅给环境带来直接威胁，也给公民自由带来直接威胁”可知，核能反对者认为核电站不仅对环境，而且对公民自由都是一种直接的威胁，即核能不安全，故该题选择D项“不安全的”。【干扰项排除】A项“原始的”、B项“会枯竭的”和C项“便宜的”不是反对者的观点，这三项属于曲解原文。3.【选项释义】3. Some people clai

19、m that nuclear energy is essential because _. 3. 一些人认为核能是必不可少的，因为_。A. it provides a perfect solution to mass unemployment A. 它为大规模失业提供了一个完美的解决方案B. it represents an enormous step forward in our scientific evolution B. 它代表着我们科学发展的巨大进步C. it can meet the growing demand of an industrially developing soci

20、ety C. 它能满足工业发展中社会日益增长的需求D. nuclear power stations can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff D. 核电站可以由相对较少的技术和管理人员来运行和维护【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第一段第五句“许多人认为核能提供了一种取之不尽的、经济的能源，因此它对一个工业发展的社会是必不可少的”可知，核能是社会工业发展所必需的，可以提供取之不尽且经济的能源，C项“它能满足工业发展中社会日益增长的需求”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“它为大规

21、模失业提供了一个完美的解决方案”，解决大规模失业问题的一个途径是提高工业生产，而不是核能，该项属于曲解原文；B项“它代表着我们科学发展的巨大进步”和D项“核电站可以由相对较少的技术和管理人员来运行和维护”是支持使用核能者认为的核能的优点，与题干不构成因果关系，这两项属于张冠李戴。4.【选项释义】4. Which of the following statements does the writer support? 4. 作者支持以下哪一种说法？A. The demand for commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing.

22、 A. 对商业产品的需求不一定会持续增长。B. Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. B. 我们离不开核能。C. Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons. C. 从经济和生态的角度来看，铀是一种很好的能源。D. Greater safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear energy programs. D. 更好的安全条款可以带来更多的核能项目。【考查点】细

23、节事实题。【解题思路】第二段倒数第二、三句提到“这种扩张是以工业生产和消费者需求的持续增长为前提的。然而，这种增长能否持续还是个疑问。”从中可知，工业生产和消费者需求的增长是否能够持续，还令人怀疑，所以A项“对商业产品的需求不一定会持续增长”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“我们离不开核能”是支持使用核能者的观点，不是作者的观点，该项属于张冠李戴；C项“从经济和生态的角度来看，铀是一种很好的能源”和D项“更好的安全条款可以带来更多的核能项目”，根据第二段第三句“铀的成本可能会增加，再加上加强安全措施的成本，这可能会以高昂的价格将核电挤出市场”可知，这两项与原文相反，属于反向干扰。5.【选项释义】5

24、. The function of the last sentence is to _. 5. 最后一句的作用是_。A. advance the final argument A. 提出最后的论点B. reflect the writers attitude B. 反映作者的态度C. reverse previously expressed thoughts C. 颠倒之前表达的想法D. show the disadvantages of nuclear power D. 展示核能的缺点【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至最后一句“权衡双方的论点后，似乎有充分的经济和生态理由采用核

25、能以外的能源”，可知文章最后一句表明了作者的观点，即作者认为从经济和生态环境方面来考虑，可以利用其他形式的能源，而非核能，B项“反映作者的态度”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“提出最后的论点”和D项“展示核能的缺点”都不是最后一句话的作用，这两项属于曲解原文；C项“颠倒之前表达的想法”，第二段第一句就指出“核能最终是否是一种廉价的能源也是个问题”，可知作者并没有颠倒之前的看法，该项属于反向干扰。5. 单选题Radar is used to extend the _ of mans senses for observing his environment, especially the sense

26、 of vision.问题1选项A.validityB.liabilityC.capabilityD.intensity【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. validity（法律上的）有效；合法性B. liability（法律上对某事物的）责任，义务C. capability能力；才能 D. intensity强烈；紧张【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息mans senses for observing his environment（一个人观察环境的感官）可知，空格处指的是“感官能力”，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项都不符合句意。【句意】雷达被用来扩展人观察环境的感官能

27、力，特别是视觉。6. 单选题Children and old people do not like having their daily _ upset.问题1选项A.habitB.routineC.practiceD.custom【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. habit习惯 B. routine常规；惯例C. practice实践；实际行动 D. custom风俗；习俗【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】按照句意“孩子和老人不喜欢打乱他们的日常_”，daily routine是常见搭配，表示“日常生活，日常工作”，该题选择B项恰当。【干扰项排除】A项habit是可数名词，要加s；C项是指在一个

28、特定的组织或情况下通常的或预期的做法；D项不符合句意。【句意】孩子和老人不喜欢打乱他们的日常生活。7. 不定项选择题We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a persons knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still fa

29、iled to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations text what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure,

30、but they can tell you nothing about a persons true ability and aptitude.As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the mark of success of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. It doesnt matter that you

31、werent feeling very well, or that your mother died. Little things like that dont count: the exam goes on. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The moment a child begins school, he ent

32、ers a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of drop-outs: young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?A

33、good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his re

34、ading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training the

35、ir students in exam techniques which they despise. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress.The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner.

36、Examiners are only human. They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judges decision you have the right of app

37、eal, but not after an examiners. There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a persons true abilities. Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis. The be

38、st comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: I were a teenage drop-out and now I are a teenage millionaire.1. The main idea of this passage is _.2. The authors attitude toward examinations is _.3. The fate of students is decided by _.4. According to the author, th

39、e most important of a good education is _.5. Why does the author mention court?问题1选项A.examinations exert a pernicious influence on educationB.examinations are ineffectiveC.examinations are profitable for institutionsD.examinations are a burden on students问题2选项A.detestB.approvalC.criticalD.indifferen

40、t问题3选项A.educationB.institutionsC.examinationsD.students themselves问题4选项A.to encourage students to read widelyB.to train students to think on their ownC.to teach students how to tackle examsD.to master his fate问题5选项A.Give an example.B.For comparison.C.It shows that teachers evolutions depend on the r

41、esults of examinations.D.It shows the results of court is more effective.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.【选项释义】1. The main idea of this passage is _. 1. 这篇文章的主要观点是_。A. examinations exert a pernicious influence on education A. 考试对教育有不良影响B. examinations are ineffective B. 考试是无效的C. examinations are

42、profitable for institutions C. 考试对机构是有益的D. examinations are a burden on students D. 考试对学生来说是一种负担【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】文章第一段最后一句点明“考试是测试记忆的好方法，是测试在巨大压力下快速工作的技巧的好方法，却测不出一个人的真正能力和水平”，然后第二段第一句“作为焦虑制造者，考试是首屈一指的”，和第三段第四句指出“考试不但没有促进学生广泛阅读，反而限制其阅读；考试不能使学生追求更多的知识，而是诱导学生进行应付考试的突击式学习”，接着最后一段首句指出“许多因素所依赖的考试结果只不过是某个匿

43、名考官的主观评估”，综合理解可知，考试对于学生来说不是一件好事情，也不是检验学生真正的能力和水平的工具，甚至反而会制造焦虑，限制学生独立思考，也就是说考试对教育具有有害的影响，A项“考试对教育有不良影响”概括了本文的主要观点，故该题选择A项符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“考试是无效的”、D项“考试对学生来说是一种负担”是进行考试的后果的其中一方面，这两项属于以偏概全；C项“考试对机构是有益的”也是考试的一方面，该项属于以偏概全。2.【选项释义】2. The authors attitude toward examinations is _. 2. 作者对考试的态度是_。A. detest A.

44、厌恶B. approval B. 称许的C. critical C. 批判的D. indifferent D. 漠不关心的【考查点】观点态度题。【解题思路】第一段中作者明确指出，考试方法不能测出人的能力和水平，第二段点明考试作为成功与失败的标志，成为了一个焦虑制造者，第三段说考试最成功的考试者经常不是最佳的受教育者，他们是在胁迫下获得最佳考试技巧者，而好的教育应能培养人的独立思考，然后第四段最后一句“我过去是一个是十来岁的辍学者，现在我是一个年轻的百万富翁”画龙点睛地指出，考试指挥下的教育的失败，这一切都说明作者对考试的批评态度；所以C项“批判的”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“厌恶”、D项“漠

45、不关心的”根据解题思路可知，这两项都不能准确表达作者对考试的态度，属于曲解原文；B项“称许的”与作者对考试的态度相反，该项属于反向干扰。3.【选项释义】3. The fate of students is decided by _. 3. 学生的命运是由_决定。A. education A. 教育B. institutions B. 机构C. examinations C. 考试D. students themselves D. 他们自己【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第二段第三、四内容“他们（考试）是我们社会中成功与失败的标志。你的整个未来可能在一个决定性的日子里被决定（Your wh

46、ole future may be decided in one fateful day）。”理解可知，学生的命运是由考试决定的，该题选择C项“考试”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“教育”、B项“机构”和D项“他们自己”没有提到，这三项属于无中生有。4.【选项释义】4. According to the author, the most important of a good education is _. 4. 根据作者的观点，良好的教育最重要的是_。A. to encourage students to read widely A. 鼓励学生广泛阅读B. to train students

47、to think on their own B. 培养学生独立思考的能力C. to teach students how to tackle exams C. 教学生如何应付考试D. to master his fate D. 掌握自己的命运【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第三段第一句“良好的教育，除其他外，应该训练你独立思考”可知，良好的教育应该培养学生独立思考的能力，B项“培养学生独立思考的能力”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“鼓励学生广泛阅读”属于良好教育的其中一方面，该项属于以偏概全；C项“教学生如何应付考试”是考试的负面影响，与题干无关，该项属于出处错位；D项“掌握自己的命运”没

48、有提到，该项属于无中生有。5.【选项释义】5. Why does the author mention court? 5. 为什么作者提到法院？A. Give an example. A. 举例。B. For comparison. B. 为了比较。C. It shows that teachers evolutions depend on the results of examinations. C. 表明教师的进化依赖于考试的结果。D. It shows the results of court is more effective. D. 表明法院的判决结果更为有效。【考查点】推理判断题。

49、【解题思路】根据题干定位至最后一段第七句“在法官的裁决之后，你有上诉的权利，但在阅卷人给分后，学生却没有上诉权”，可知，作者在这里对比了法院和考试的区别，法院有上诉权，但考试没有；然后倒数第三句谈及“一想到考试只对进行考试的机构有利，未免太自私了”，综合理解可推断，作者提到法院就是为了与考试进行对比，B项“为了比较”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“举例”根据解题思路可知，该项表述不准确，属于曲解原文；C项“表明教师的进化依赖于考试的结果”是第三段的内容，与题干无关，该项属于出处错位；D项“表明法院的判决结果更为有效”，作者在文章末段提到法院是为了对比考试的不公平，并不是表明法院的判决更有效，该项

50、属于本末倒置。8. 不定项选择题Flight simulator (飞行模拟器) refers to any electronic or mechanical system for training airplane and spacecraft pilots and crew member by simulating fight conditions. The purpose of simulation is not to completely substitute (1) actual fight training but to thoroughly familiarize student

51、s with the vehicle (2) before they (3) extensive and possibly dangerous actual flight training. Simulations also is useful for review and for familiarizing pilots with new (4) to existing craft.Two early flight simulators appeared in England within a decade after the first fight of Orville and Wilbu

52、r Wright. They were designed to enable pilots to stimulate simple aircraft (5) in three dimensions: nose up or down; left wing high and right low, or vice versa; and (6) to left or right. It took until 1929, however, for a truly effective simulator, the Link Trainer, to appear, devised by Edwin A. L

53、ink, a self-educated aviator and inventor from Binghamton, New York. (7), airplane instrumentation had been developed sufficiently to permit “blind” flying on instruments alone, but training pilots to do so involved (8) risk. Link built a model of an airplane cockpit equipped (9) instrument panel an

54、d controls that could realistically stimulate all the movements of an airplane. Pilots could use the device for instrument training, manipulating the controls (10) instrument readings so as to maintain straight and level flight or (11) climb or descent with no visual reference (12) any horizon excep

55、t for the artificial one on the instrument panel. The trainer was modified (13) aircraft technology advanced. Commercial airlines began to use the Link Trainer for pilot training, and the US government began purchasing them in 1934, (14) thousands more as World War II (15).问题1选项A.forB.toC.withD.on问题

56、2选项A.concerningB.concernC.being concernedD.concerned问题3选项A.undertakeB.undergoC.underplayD.underuse问题4选项A.modelsB.modificationsC.modifiersD.modicum问题5选项A.manifestationsB.manipulationsC.manifestoesD.maneuvers问题6选项A.yawlingB.yawningC.yawingD.yawping问题7选项A.From then onB.From now onC.By nowD.By then问题8选项

57、A.considerableB.considerateC.consideringD.considered问题9选项A.forB.inC.withD.on问题10选项A.On the part ofB.On the basis ofC.On the track ofD.On the verge of问题11选项A.controlB.controllableC.controlledD.controller问题12选项A.toB.forC.onD.in问题13选项A.as forB.as toC.asD.for问题14选项A.acquiringB.requiringC.sustainingD.ret

58、aining问题15选项A.realizedB.realizingC.approachingD.approached【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D第6题:C第7题:D第8题:A第9题:C第10题:B第11题:A第12题:A第13题:C第14题:A第15题:D【解析】1.【选项释义】A. for对于；因为 B. to给C. with和 D. on在之上【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】substitute作动词时，和for或者with搭配，substitute for sb./sth.表示“代替某人/某物”，substitute B with/by A表示“用A代替B”，空

59、格处后面直接跟了actual fight training（实战训练），故填入for符合搭配，该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、D项不符合固定搭配；C项不符合句意。【句意】模拟的目的并不是要完全取代实战训练。2.【选项释义】A. concerning关于；涉及 B. concern担心；关心C. being concerned被关注 D. concerned相关的【考查点】非谓语动词。【解题思路】分析句子可知，空格处跟在名词vehicle的后面，是作vehicle的定语，concern是动词，不能直接跟在vehicle的后面，而vehicle和concern是被动关系，表示被涉及的，所以用con

60、cern的过去分词形式，故该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A项表示主动关系；B、C项是动词，不符合句子语法结构。【句意】模拟的目的不是要完全取代实战训练，而是要让学生彻底熟悉有关的工具。3.【选项释义】A. undertake承担；从事 B. undergo经历，经受C. underplay低调处理；降低的重要性 D. underuse未充分利用【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】根据宾语actual flight training（实际飞行训练）可知，空格处表示“经历”符合动宾搭配，其他三个选项都不符合句意，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合动宾搭配。【句意】模拟的目的不是要完全替代实际的

61、战斗训练，而是要在学生进行广泛的和可能危险的实际飞行训练之前彻底熟悉相关的工具。4.【选项释义】A. models模型 B. modifications修改；改进C. modifiers修饰语 D. modicum少量，一点点【考查点】语义逻辑。【解题思路】根据existing和new可推知，new (34)是指在现有的飞机上进行的改进或修改，故该题选择B项符合句子逻辑。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句子语义逻辑。【句意】模拟也有助于检查和使飞行员熟悉对现有飞机的新改进。5.【选项释义】A. manifestations显示；表明 B. manipulations操纵；控制C. manifestoes宣言 D. maneuvers机动动作；作战演习【考查点】句间逻辑。【解题思路】根据句子可知，冒号后的内容是对空格处进行的解释，根据冒号后的关键信息“机头向上或向下；机翼左高右低或相反”可知，这是对飞机进行动作操作，maneuver指操纵某物的动作，一般是用于作战目的，符合句子语境，故该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、C项不符合句意；B项多指需要熟练运用到手的操作，不符合语境。【句意】它们的设计是为了让飞行员在三维空间中模拟简单的飞机动作：机头向上或向下；机翼左高右低或相反。6.【选项释义】