2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷52

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1、2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The Spanish team, who are not in superb form, will be doing their best next week to revenge themselves on the German team for last years defeat.问题1选项A.retaliateB.recoverC.repelD.defend【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 retaliate “报复”；B选项 recover “恢复；弥补；重新获得”；C选项 repel “击

2、退；抵制；使厌恶；使不愉快”；D选项 defend“辩护；防护”。句意：目前状态不佳的西班牙队将在下周全力以赴，为去年的失利向德国队报仇。结合此处关键词 revenge “报复；替报仇；洗雪”，得知A选项正确。2. 翻译题中国园林是经过三千多年演化而形成的独具一格的园林景观，是中国建筑不可分割的一部分。从建园者身份来看，中国园林主要分为两类：皇家园林和私家园林。皇家园林是为皇 室成员享乐而建造，大多数皇家园林在北方。私家园林主要由学者、商人和政府官员为摆脱 嘈杂的外部世界而建造，南方比较多见。典型的中国园林周围有围墙，院内有池塘、假山、 树木、花草以及各种各样由弯曲的小路和走廊衔接的建筑，构成

3、了一种人与自然和谐相处的 微缩景观。【答案】Chinese garden is a unique landscape formed after more than three thousand years of evolution. It is an inseparable part of Chinese architecture. From the identity of the gardeners, Chinese gardens are mainly divided into two categories: imperial gardens and private gardens. Th

4、e imperial gardens were built for the pleasure of the members of the royal family, most of them in the north. Private gardens were built mainly by scholars, merchants and government officials to escape from the noisy outside world, especially in the South. Typical Chinese gardens are surrounded by w

5、alls, surrounded by ponds, rockery, trees, flowers and plants, as well as various buildings connected by winding paths and corridors, which constitute a miniature landscape of harmony between man and nature.3. 单选题The company makes a periodical review of expenditure every month.问题1选项A.regularB.immedi

6、ateC.prevalentD.temporary【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 regular “定期的；有规律的；合格的；整齐的；普通的”；B选项 immediate “立即的；直接的；最接近的”；C选项 prevalent “流行的；普遍的，广传的”；D选项 temporary “暂时的，临时的”。句意：公司每月定期检查支出情况。结合此处关键词periodical “数 周期的；定期的”，得知A选项正确。4. 单选题Fortune-tellers are good at making _ statements such as “Your sorrows will change

7、”.问题1选项A.philosophicalB.ambiguousC.literalD.invalid【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 philosophical “哲学的（等于philosophic）；冷静的”；B选项 ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱两可的；不明确的，不明朗的；引起歧义的”；C选项 literal “文字的；逐字的；无夸张的”；D选项 invalid “无效的；有病的；残疾的”。句意：算命的人擅长说一些模棱两可的话，比如“你的悲伤会变的”。根据句意，B选项正确。5. 单选题The destruction of the Earths ozone layer,

8、for example, could contribute to the general process of impoverishment by allowing ultraviolet rays to harm plants and animals.问题1选项A.sufficientB.improvementC.prosperityD.poverty【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 sufficient “足够的；充分的”；B选项 improvement “改进，改善；提高”；C选项 prosperity “繁荣，成功”；D选项 poverty “贫困；困难；缺少；低劣”。句意：

9、例如，地球臭氧层的破坏会使紫外线伤害动植物，从而加剧贫困化的进程。结合此处关键词 impoverishment “贫穷；致使贫乏或贫瘠之事物；穷困化状况”，得知D选项正确。6. 翻译题通过资料查阅、实地调研、数据分析和专家会商等途径，筛选出适用于该地区的古树健康诊断形态指标，确立各指标的分级依据，构建古树健康诊断标准，并依据该标准对滇中地区86株古树（树名暂略）的健康状况进行诊查。结果表明：古树的健康状况大多为良和一般，不同树种有些许差异，其结果与古树长势强弱成正相关,能够反映古树健康的真实状况，应用效果良好。此外，对影响古树健康状况的原因进行分析，并提出相应解决方法。【答案】By means

10、 of data consulting, field research, data analysis and expert consultation, this paper screened out the diagnostic morphological indexes of ancient trees suitable for this area, established the grading basis of each index, constructed the diagnostic criteria of ancient trees health, and based on the

11、 criteria, diagnosed the health status of 86 ancient trees (tree names are temporarily abbreviated) in central Yunnan. The results showed that the health status of ancient trees was mostly good and average, with some differences among different tree species. The results were positively correlated wi

12、th the growth strength of ancient trees, which could reflect the real health status of ancient trees, and the application effect was good. In addition, the reasons that affect the health status of ancient trees are analyzed, and corresponding solutions are put forward.7. 单选题Condemned to death, Socra

13、tes could have escaped but chose to die by drinking poisonseeking truth even to the _ end.问题1选项A.strongB.deadC.dyingD.lethal【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 strong“强壮的”；B选项 dead“无生命的；呆板的；废弃了的”；C选项dying“垂死的；临终的；濒临消亡的；快要结束的”；D选项lethal“致命的”。句意：判处死刑，苏格拉底本可以逃脱但选择喝毒药寻求真理。根据poison（毒药），A，B，C项都不能与poison（毒药）进行搭配，结合句意，选

14、项D为正确答案。8. 单选题Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, the most basic _ of matter, and the miracles of life.问题1选项A.bacteriaB.constituentsC.erosionD.contexts【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 bacteria “细菌”；B选项constituents “成分”；C选项erosion “侵蚀，腐蚀”；D选项 c

15、ontexts “环境，上下文”。句意：科学和技术的进步使我们能够了解宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的和生命的奇迹。根据matter（物质）可推测与其搭配的是constituents。结合句意，A选项及C选项都可排除。D选项contexts（环境）也不能与matter（物质）搭配，因此B选项为正确答案。9. 单选题The volcano gave warning that it would soon pop: small earthquakes shuddered beneath its surface on September 23.问题1选项A.sankB.sentC.eruptedD.shook

16、【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项sank“沉陷”；B选项 sent“送，寄出”；C选项erupted “爆发；长出”；D选项 shook “摇动”。句意：火山发出警告说它很快就会爆发：9月23日，它的地表下发生了小地震。结合此处关键词earthquakes（地震）可排除B、C选项，A选项sank（沉陷）也与地震不匹配，因此得知D选项正确。10. 单选题The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of

17、 France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600. The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in anci

18、ent Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and then spread throughout Europe. Scholars and artists of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human as opposed to s

19、piritual-values. Fulfillment in lifeas opposed to concern about an afterlifebecame a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on.Artists and writers now turned to secular as well as religious subject matter and

20、sought to make their works understandable and appealing. These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance periodhow people thought about music as well as the way music was composed, experienced, discussed, and disseminateD.They could see the architectural monuments, sc

21、ulptures, plays, and poems that were being rediscovered, but they could not actually hear ancient musicalthough they could read the writings of classical philosophers, poets, essayists, and music theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of ancient music to

22、move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors, painters, architects, and scholars wh

23、o had rediscovered ancient art and literature.The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half-though at different rates in different countriesthat

24、we cannot define a single Renaissance style.1. What is the passage mainly about?2. What does the author mean by using the word eventually in Para.1?3. It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of the Renaissance were seeking a rebirth of _.4. According to the passage, Renaissance artists and

25、 writers had all of the following intentions EXCEPT _.5. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the absence of a single Renaissance musical style?问题1选项A.The musical compositions that best illustrate the developments during the European RenaissanceB.The musical techniques

26、that were in use during the European RenaissanceC.The European Renaissance as a cultural development that included changes in musical styleD.The ancient Greek and Roman musical practices used during the European Renaissance问题2选项A.That music historians used the term “Renaissance” after the other hist

27、orians didB.That most music historians used the term “Renaissance”C.The term “Renaissance” became widely used by art historians but not by music historiansD.That music historians used the term “Renaissance” very differently than it had been used by Jules Michelet问题3选项A.communication among artists ac

28、ross EuropeB.spirituality in everyday lifeC.a cultural emphasis on human valuesD.religious themes in art that would accompany the traditional secular themes问题4选项A.to use religious themesB.to portray only the pleasant parts of human experienceC.to produce art that people would find attractiveD.to cre

29、ate works that were easily understood问题5选项A.The musical Renaissance was defined by technique rather than styleB.The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical styleC.Renaissance musicians adopted the styles of both Greek and Roman musiciansD.During the Renaissance, music never r

30、emained the same for very long【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章尾段第一句 “The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques.”，中文翻译为：欧洲音乐复兴与其说是一套特定的音乐技巧，不如说是一场普遍的文化运动和一种精神状态。可以判断C选项“欧洲文艺复兴是一种包括音乐风格变化

31、在内的文化发展。”正确。2.推理判断题。由题干关键字 “eventually”可以定位到原文第一段 “It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spannin

32、g 1450-1600.”，中文翻译为：1855年，历史学家朱尔斯米歇莱(Jules Michelet)在他的法国历史中首次使用了这个词，随后被文化历史学家、艺术历史学家和音乐历史学家采用，所有这些历史学家都在1450-1600年的150年间将其应用于欧洲文化。关键词 “eventually”意为“最后；终于”因此可知A选项：音乐历史学家在其他历史学家之后才使用“文艺复兴”这个词正确。3.细节事实题。由题干关键词“that thinkers of the Renaissance” 可定位到原文第一段“To these scholars this meant a return to human

33、as opposed to spiritual-values.”，中文翻译为：对这些学者来说，这意味着回归人类，而不是灵魂价值。判断C选项“对人类价值的文化强调”正确。4.细节事实题。A选项“使用宗教主题”，C选项“创作出人们会觉得有吸引力的艺术作品”以及D选项“创作容易理解的作品”可定位到原文第二段“Artists and writers now turned to secular as well as religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing. ”，中文翻译为：艺

34、术家和作家现在转向世俗和宗教题材，力求使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人。可知B选项“只描绘人类经历中令人愉快的部分”未提及，符合题意。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文尾段 “Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half-though at different rates in different countriesthat we cannot define a single Renaissance style.”，中文翻译为：此外，音乐在这一个半世纪里变化如此之快，尽管在不同的国家以不同的速度变化我们不

35、能定义一个单一的文艺复兴风格。判断出D选项“在文艺复兴时期，音乐从未长时间保持不变。”正确。11. 单选题Already in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, there had been a powerful alignment between rural cultural ethics and church teaching.问题1选项A.allianceB.agreementC.conflictD.contradiction【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 alliance “联盟，联合；联姻”；B选项 agreement “协

36、议；同意，一致”；C选项 conflict “冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执”；D选项 contradiction “矛盾；否认；反驳”。句意：早在18和19世纪，乡村文化伦理和教会教义之间就已经有了强有力的结合。结合此处关键词 alignment “结盟”，得知A为正确答案。12. 单选题When did the Second World War begin? Many historians, 1 to think of Europe 2 the center of the world, date the war from 1 September 1939 when Germany attacked

37、 PolanD.This is not an 3 that would satisfy the Abyssinians or the Chinese for whom the war began earlier. It would not satisfy the Russians and Americans for whom the war began later. In 4 case this European war 5 ended in June 1940 with Germany 6 the entire Continent west of RussiA.If a formal dec

38、laration of war 7 the starting point, the Second World War began in April 1932 when Mao Tse-tung and Chou. The declared war against Japan 8 of the Kiangsi Soviet. If we wait 9 the war was being fought in every continent except the two Americas, the date 10 be 1942 or even 1944.问题1选项A.concedeB.concea

39、lC.conditionedD.considered问题2选项A.asB.toC.withD.in问题3选项A.answerB.adviceC.affectionD.assertion问题4选项A.anyB.bothC.eitherD.neither问题5选项A.finallyB.eventuallyC.ultimatelyD.virtually问题6选项A.dominatedB.dominatingC.being dominatedD.having been dominated问题7选项A.symbolizesB.marksC.impliesD.remarks问题8选项A.with the

40、titleB.with the statusC.in the nameD.in designation问题9选项A.ifB.sinceC.afterD.until问题10选项A.wouldB.shouldC.mustD.may【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:A第5题:A第6题:A第7题:A第8题:C第9题:D第10题:D【解析】1.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 concede “承认；退让；给予，容许；让步”；B选项 conceal “隐藏；隐瞒”；C选项 conditioned “决定；使适应；使健康；以为条件”；D选项 considered “考虑；认为；考虑到；细想”。根据上下

41、文判断出此处表达“认为”，故D项最符合。2.考查逻辑关系。根据下文 “the center of the world” 可知此处想表达的是“认为欧洲是世界的中心”,故as最为准确。3.考查逻辑关系。根据上文 “When did the Second World War begin?” 这个问句，可以判断出此处答案应该是A选项answer“回答”。B选项 advice “建议”；C选项 affection “喜爱，感情；影响；感染”；D选项 assertion “断言，声明；主张，要求；坚持；认定”。4.考查词组。A选项 in any case “不管怎样；总之；在任何情况下”；B选项 in b

42、oth case “在两种情况下”；C选项 in either case “不论发生何种情况”；D选项 in neither case “在两种情况下都不”。根据语境和句意，可知A为正确答案。5.考查词义辨析。A选项finally表达经过一长段时间（通常是指经历了困难和滞迟），表示“终于”；B选项eventually “最终”含有时间因素，表示目前还未发生，但终将发生；C选项ultimately “最终”除了包含时间因素外，还有状态顺序，表示最基本因素；D选项 virtually“事实上，几乎；实质上”。根据下文 “ended in June 1940” 及词义判断出答案为A。6.考查非谓语动

43、词。dominate意为控制，结合上文ended的时态，表示过去，可知A为正确答案。7.考查词义辨析。A选项 symbolize “象征；用符号表现；采用象征；使用符号；作为的象征”；B选项 mark “标志；做标记于；打分数”；C选项 imply“意味；暗示；隐含”；D选项 remark “评论；觉察”。根据下文 “the Second World War began in April 1932 when Mao Tse-tung and Chou” 可知空格处应为“象征、代表”，因此A最合适。8.考查词组。A选项 with the title of “标题为”；B选项 with the s

44、tatus of “以的地位”；C选项 in the name of“以的名义”；D选项 in designation of “指定”。the Kiangsi Soviet意为“中华苏维埃共和国”，根据上下文 “The declared war against Japan 28 of the Kiangsi Soviet” 以及句意判断出正确答案为C。9.考查从句引导词。until引导从句，wait until表示直到；等到；等待某个条件满足；留待；一直等到，符合句意 “If we wait until the war was being fought in every continent e

45、xcept the two Americas.”, 中文翻译为：如果我们等到除了两个美洲以外的所有大陆都在打仗。因此答案为D10.考查条件状语从句。此处是if引导的真实条件句，真实条件句一般遵循主将从现、主情从现（情指情态动词）、主祈从现（祈指祈使句）等原则。因此可知D为正确答案。13. 单选题When I am on vacation, I like to explore new cities by walking randomly through the downtown streets.问题1选项A.lazilyB.reflectivelyC.aimlesslyD.deliberatel

46、y【答案】C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项 lazily “懒洋洋地；怠惰地，懒散地”；B选项 reflectively “反映地；反照地”；C选项 aimlessly “漫无目的地，无目标地”；D选项 deliberately “故意地；缓慢而谨慎地”。句意：度假时，我喜欢在市中心的街道上随意走动，探索新的城市。结合此处关键词 randomly “随便地，任意地；无目的地，胡乱地；未加计划地”，得知C为正确答案。14. 单选题Failure in a required subject may result in the _ of a diploma.问题1选项A.refusalB.betr

47、ayalC.denialD.burial【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 refusal “拒绝；优先取舍权；推却；取舍权”；B选项 betrayal “背叛；辜负；暴露；违约”；C选项 denial “否认；拒绝；拒绝给予；节制；背弃”；D选项 burial“埋葬；葬礼；弃绝”。句意：如果某门必修科目不及格，可能会被吊销学位证书。结合此处语境，C为正确答案。15. 单选题The material support and advisory services offered by these projects _ the will of the poor to help themsel

48、ves and enable them to lead self-sufficient lives.问题1选项A.prolongB.enforceC.reinforceD.inform【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项prolong “延长；拖延”；B选项 enforce “实施，执行；强迫，强制”；C选项 reinforce “加强，加固；强化；补充”；D选项 inform “通知；告诉；报告”。句意：这些项目提供的物质支持和咨询服务了穷人自助的意愿，使他们能够过上自给自足的生活。根据The material support and advisory services by thes

49、e projects（这些项目提供的物质支持和咨询服务）可推测这些项目对来说是有利的，A选项不符合题意，可排除。B选项含贬义也可排除。D选项不符合题意，可排除。结合句意，C选项正确。16. 单选题It is a well-documented fact that women still live longer than men. A 1998 study by Harvard Medical School geriatrician Thomas Perls offers two reasons: one is the evolutionary drive to pass on her gene

50、s; the other is the need to stay healthy enough to rear as many children as possible. A mans purpose is simply to carry genes that ensure longevity and pass them on to his children.Okay, so thats the legacy of our cave-dweller past. But what is it about a mans lifestyle that reduces his longevity? A

51、s action moviemakers know all too well, men are supercharged with testosterone. Aside from forcing us to watch frenzied movies like The Matrix Reloaded, the testes-produced hormone also triggers riskier behavior and aggression, and increases levels of harmful cholesterol, raising the risk of heart d

52、isease or stroke. Meanwhile, the female hormone chops harmful cholesterol and raises “good” cholesterol.As Perlss study points out: “Between ages 15 and 24, men are four to five times more likely to die than women. This time frame coincides with the onset of puberty and an increase in reckless and v

53、iolent behavior in males. Researchers refer to it as a “testosterone storm”. Most deaths in this male group come from motor vehicle accidents, followed by homicide, suicide.and drowning. ”While all this jumping from tall buildings may result in some accidental death, it still doesnt account for the

54、onset of fatal illnesses at an earlier age. Statistically, men are crippled more quickly by illnesses like heart disease, stroke and cancer. A Singapore study found that while men were diagnosed with chronic illness two years earlier than women, women were also disabled by their illnesses four years

55、 later. Men more often engage in riskier habits like drinking alcohol and using recreational drugs, as well as eating to excess. And the stereotype about men being adverse to seeing a doctor on a regular basis? Studies have shown its true.If your goal is to become the first 100-year-old man on your

56、family tree, there are some things you can do to boost your odds. One is to examine what centenarians are doing right. According to the ongoing New England Centenarian Study, the largest comprehensive study of centenarians in the world, they can fend off or even escape age-associated diseases like h

57、eart attack, stroke, cancer, diabetes and Alzheimers. Ninety percent of those studied were functionally independent for the vast majority of their lives up until the age of 92, and 75% were just as autonomous at an average age of 95. “Centenarians disprove the perception that the older you get, the

58、sicker you get. Centenarians teach us that the older you get, the healthier youve been.”1. This passage mainly discusses_.2. According to Thomas Perls, which of the following is a major factor contributing to the relative longevity of women over men?3. The author mentions “the legacy of our cave-dwe

59、ller past” to _.4. According to the passage, testosterone is a hormone that_.5. Compared with women, men as a whole_.问题1选项A.why women lead a healthier life than menB.how women can live longer and stay healthyC.what keeps men from enjoying a longer life spanD.whether mens life style leads to their ea

60、rly death问题2选项A.Their natural urge to remain healthyB.Their greater natural drive to pass on genesC.Their need to bear healthy offspringD.Their desire to have more children问题3选项A.support the argument about womens role in rearing childrenB.summarize a possible cause of different life expectanciesC.ch

61、allenge the theory about our ancestors behavior patternsD.illustrate the history of human evolution process问题4选项A.increases as men grow olderB.reduces risk factors in male behaviorC.leads to aggressive behavior and heart diseaseD.accounts for womens dislike for violent films问题5选项A.suffer from depres

62、sion more oftenB.suffer from diseases later than womenC.are reluctant to have physical checkupsD.are not affected by violent movies【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章首段第一句 “It is a well-documented fact that women still live longer than men.” 中文翻译为：女人仍然比男人活得长，这是一个有据可查的事实。A选项 “为什么女性比男性生活得更健康。”文章中虽提及，但并不是文章的主要内容。C选项“是什么让男人不能享受更长的寿命呢。”在文章的第二段有所体现，但这篇文章不能简单地概括为“男人不能享受更长的寿命。”D选项的意思跟C选项大体一致，也可排除。由此可知B选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。由题干关键字“Thomas Perls”可以定位到原文第一段 “one is the evolutionary drive