2022年考博英语-武汉大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷2

《2022年考博英语-武汉大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷2》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-武汉大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷2（69页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-武汉大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题1.The man whose life is centered around producing, selling and consuming commodities transforms himself into a commodity. He becomes increasingly attracted to that which is man-made and mechanical,rather than to that which is natural and organic. Many men toda

2、y are more interested in sports cars than in women; or they experience women as a car which one can cause to race by pushing the right button. 2. Altogether they expect happiness is a matter of finding the right button,not the result of a productive,rich life,a life which requires making an effort a

3、nd taking risks. In their search for the button,some go to the psychoanalyst,some go to church and some read “self-help” books. But while it is impossible to find the button for happiness, the majority are satisfied with pushing the buttons of cameras, radios,television sets,and watching science fic

4、tion becoming reality.One of the strangest aspects of their approach to life is the widespread lack of concern about the danger of total destruction by nuclear weapons? A possibility people are consciously aware of. 3. The explanation, I believe, is that they are so frightened of the possibility of

5、their personal failure and humiliation that their anxiety about personal matters prevent them from feeling anxiety about the possibility that everybody and everything may be destroyed. Perhaps total destruction is even more attractive than total insecurity and never-ending personal anxiety.Am I sugg

6、esting that modern man is doomed and that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. 4. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from

7、 a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and the full development of his potentialitiesthose of love and of reasonare the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should

8、serve only as means to this end,and should be prevented from ruling man.Directions:Read the following passage, and then translate the underlined parts numbered from (1) to(4) , from English into Chinese. Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.【答案】1.以生产、销售、消费商品为中心的男人把自己也转化为一种商品了。他对人造的、机械的东西越来越感

9、兴趣，对天然的、有机的东西却无动于衷。如今，许多男人对跑车的痴迷超过了对女人的痴迷，或者把女人当作只要按对按钮就会奔驰的汽车。2.总而言之，他们认为幸福是个找对按钮的问题，而不是源自硕果累累、丰富多彩、需要付出努力和承担风险的生活。在寻找按钮的过程中，有些人去找心理分析学家；有些人去做礼拜；还有一些人去读“自助”书籍。不过他们虽然找不到赐予幸福的按钮，但大多数人满足于按收音机、电视机和照相机的按钮，满足于看着科幻小说变成现实。3.我认为，可以这样解释：他们非常担心会遭遇个人的失败并蒙受羞辱。由于他们对个人问题感到忧虑，这就妨碍他们对所有的人和所有的东西可能会遭到毁灭感到忧虑。也许彻底的毁灭比十

10、分的不安和个人永无休止的忧虑更有吸引力。4.想通过倒退到人们已经走过的阶段来解决问题是永远行不通的。我建议改造我们的社会制度，将其从一个官僚机构管理下的工业化社会体制转化为一个人本主义的工业化社会体制。在前一种体制中，最高产量和最高消费为主要目的；在后一种体制中，一切社会活动的目的都是为了人，为了使人的各种潜力爱的潜力和运用理性的潜力获得充分的发展。2. 单选题Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon, gazing across this giant wound in the Earths surface, a visitor might assume

11、that the canyon had been caused by some ancient convulsion. In fact the events that produced the canyon, far from being sudden and cataclysmic, simply add up to the slow and orderly process of erosion.Many millions of years ago the Colorado Plateau in the Grand Canyon area contained 10,000 more feet

12、 of rock than it does today and was relatively level. The additional material consisted of some 14layered formations of rock. In the Grand Canyon region these layers were largely worn away over the course of millions of years.Approximately 65 million years ago the plateaus flat surface in the Grand

13、Canyon area bulged upward from internal pressure; geologists refer to his bulging action as up warping; it was followed by a general elevation of the whole Colorado Plateau, a process that is still going on. As the plateau gradually rose, shallow rivers that meandered across it began to run more swi

14、ftly and cut more definite courses. One of these rivers, located east of the upwarp, was the ancestor of the Colorado. Another river system called the Hualapai, flowing west of the upwarp, extended itself eastward by cutting back into the upwarp; it eventually connected with the ancient Colorado and

15、 captured its waters. The new river then began to carve out the 277-mile-long trench that eventually became the Grand Canyon. Geologists estimate that this initial cutting action began no earlier than 10 million years ago.Since then, the canyon forming has been cumulative. To the corrosive force of

16、the river itself have been added other factors. Heat and cold, rain and snow, along with the varying resistance of the rocks, increase the opportunities for erosion. The canyon walls crumble; the river acquires a cutting tool, tons of debris, rainfall running off the high plateau creates feeder stre

17、ams that carve side canyons. Pushing slowly backward into the plateau, the side canyons expose new rocks, and the pattern of erosion continues.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.According to the passage, the first phenomenon to contribute to the formation of the Grand Canyon was（ ）.3.Which of

18、the following conclusions about the Grand Canyon can be drawn from the passage?4.The passage would most likely be found in a textbook on which of the following subjects?问题1选项A.Patterns of erosion in different mountain ranges.B.Forces that made the Grand Canyon.C.The increasing pollution of the Color

19、ado River.D.The sudden appearance of the Grand Canyon.问题2选项A.a series of volcanic eruptionsB.the collapse of rock formations in the Colorado PlateauC.a succession of floods from the Hualapai River and what is now the Colorado RiverD.the Earths internal pressure lifting the Colorado Plateau region问题3

20、选项A.Its contours are constantly changing.B.It contains approximately 14 million tons of rock.C.Its eruptions have increased in recent years.D.It is being eroded by toxic waste and pollutants.问题4选项A.Astronomy.B.Botany.C.Geology.D.Chemistry.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】1. What does the pass

21、age mainly discuss? 1. 这篇文章主要讨论什么？A. Patterns of erosion in different mountain ranges. A. 不同山脉的侵蚀模式。B. Forces that made the Grand Canyon. B. 形成大峡谷的因素。C. The increasing pollution of the Colorado River. C. 科罗拉多河日益严重的污染。D. The sudden appearance of the Grand Canyon. D. 大峡谷的突然出现。【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】首先，根据首段第

22、二句“事实上，形成峡谷的事件远不是突然的、灾难性的，而是缓慢而有序的侵蚀过程”，和末段第一句“从那时起，峡谷的形成是累积的”可知，本文关注的话题是峡谷的形成；然后，结合文章的行文结构，文章的后面三段都是在论述峡谷形成的一些因素；综合理解可推断，文章主要讨论的是形成大峡谷的因素，B项正确。【干扰项排除】A项“不同山脉的侵蚀模式”只是在文章中部分提及，属于以偏概全；C项“科罗拉多河日益严重的污染”在文中并没有提到，属于无中生有；D项“大峡谷的突然出现”根据原文可知，峡谷的形成是一个缓慢的过程，所以该项属于反向干扰。第2题:2.【选项释义】2. According to the passage, t

23、he first phenomenon to contribute to the formation of the Grand Canyon was _. 2. 根据这篇文章，第一个促成大峡谷形成的现象是_。A. a series of volcanic eruptions A. 一连串的火山爆发B. the collapse of rock formations in the Colorado Plateau B. 科罗拉多高原岩层的崩塌C. a succession of floods from the Hualapai River and what is now the Colorado

24、 River C. 来自瓦拉派河和现在的科罗拉多河的一连串洪水D. the Earths internal pressure lifting the Colorado Plateau region D. 地球内部的压力抬升了科罗拉多高原地区【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干可定位至文章第三段对大峡谷促成因素的描述：大约6500万年前，大峡谷地区高原的平坦表面由于内部压力而隆起；接下来是整个科罗拉多高原的整体提升，随着高原逐渐升高，蜿蜒流过高原的浅水河流开始变得更加湍急，水流的方向也更加明确。它最终连接了古老的科罗拉多河并获得了它的水。这条新河流随后开始挖出长达277英里的海沟，最终形成

25、了大峡谷。”从中可知，最初促成大峡谷形成的现象是地球内部压力抬升了整个科罗拉多高原，D项“地球内部的压力抬升了科罗拉多高原地区”符合原文。因此，该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A项“一连串的火山爆发”和C项“来自瓦拉派河和现在的科罗拉多河的一连串洪水”在文中没有提及，属于无中生有；B项“科罗拉多高原岩层的崩塌”是其他的累积因素，并不是最初造成大峡谷的现象，属于本末倒置。第3题:3.【选项释义】3. Which of the following conclusions about the Grand Canyon can be drawn from the passage? 3. 下面哪个关于大峡谷

26、的结论可以从这篇文章中得出？A. Its contours are constantly changing. A. 它的轮廓在不断变化。B. It contains approximately 14 million tons of rock. B. 它含有大约1400万吨的岩石。C. Its eruptions have increased in recent years. C. 近年来，火山喷发次数有所增加。D. It is being eroded by toxic waste and pollutants. D. 它正受到有毒废物和污染物的侵蚀。【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第三

27、段第一句中的“这个过程仍在继续（a process that is still going on）”，和第四段最后一句中的“侵蚀的模式仍在继续（the pattern of erosion continues）”可推测，大峡谷的轮廓还在持续地变化，所以A项“它的轮廓在不断变化”符合原文。【干扰项排除】B项“它含有大约1400万吨的岩石”、C项“近年来，火山喷发次数有所增加”和D项“它正受到有毒废物和污染物的侵蚀”在原文中没有依据，属于无中生有。第4题:4.【选项释义】4. The passage would most likely be found in a textbook on which

28、 of the following subjects? 4. 这篇文章最有可能在教科书中找到下列哪一个主题？A. Astronomy. A. 天文学。B. Botany. B. 植物学。C. Geology. C. 地理学。D. Chemistry. D. 化学。【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】通读全文可知，这篇文章主要描述的是大峡谷形成的成因，而这是地质学研究的范畴，所以这篇文章可能见于一本地质学教材，因此C项“地理学”正确。【干扰项排除】A项“天文学”、B项“植物学”和D项“化学”都与本文无关，属于张冠李戴。3. 翻译题I have always disliked being a man

29、. 1.The whole idea of manhood in America is pitiful, in my opinion. Even the expression “Be a man!” strikes me as insulting and abusive. It means: Be stupid, be unfeeling, obedient, soldierly and stop thinking. Man means “manly”how can one think about men without considering the terrible ambition of

30、 manliness? And yet it is part of every mans life. It is a hideous and crippling lie; it not only insists on difference and connives at superiority, it is also by its very nature destructiveemotionally damaging and socially harmful.It is very hard to imagine any concept of manliness that does not be

31、little women, and it begins very early. At an age when I wanted to meet girlslets say the treacherous years of thirteen to sixteenI was told to take up a sport, get more fresh air, and I was urged not to read so much. If you asked too many questions about sex you were sent to campa boys camp, of cou

32、rse: the nightmare. Nothing is more unnatural or prison-like than a boys camp.2.It ought to be clear by now that I have something of an objection to the way we turn boys into men. It does not surprise me that when the President of the United States has his customary weekend off he dresses like a cow

33、boyit is both a measure of his insecurity and his willingness to please. In many ways, American culture does little more for a man than prepare him for modeling clothes in the L. L. Bean catalogue.There was a fear that writing was not a manly profession- indeed, not a profession at all. The paradox

34、in American letters is that it has always been easier for a woman to write and for a man to be published. 3. Writing is only manly when it produces wealthmoney is masculinity. So is drinking, particularly the ability to drink another man under the table. A man in America has to kill lions, hunt duck

35、s, and carry enough knives and guns on his shoulders, to prove that he is just as much a monster as the next man. Everything in stereotyped manliness goes against the life of the mind.4. There would be no point in saying any of this if it were not generally accepted that to be a man is somehoweven n

36、ow in feminist-influenced Americaa privilege. It is on the contrary an unmerciful and punishing burden. Being a man is bad enough; being manly is appalling. It is the sinister silliness of mens fashions, and a clubby attitude in the arts. It is the subversion of good students. It is the so-called “D

37、ress Code” of the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Boston, and it is the institutionalized cheating in college sports. It is the most primitive insecurity.Directions:Read the following passage, and then translate the underlined parts numbered from (1) to(4) , from English into Chinese. Please write your answer

38、 on the ANSWER SHEET.【答案】1. 在我看来，美国的整个男子汉思想是很可怜的。就连“做个男子汉！”这样的表达也让我觉得是一种侮辱和谩骂。它意味着愚蠢、冷酷、顺从、像士兵一样鲁莽，还指不愿意思考。男人意味着“有男子气概”人们在思考男人的时候怎么能不考虑男子气概的可怕野心呢？2. 我有点反对我们把男孩变成男人的方式。到目前为止，这一点应该十分清楚。我丝毫不感到奇怪，美国总统在周末例行休假的时候，把自己打扮成牛仔这既说明他没有安全感又说明他想讨好别人。3. 写作只有在产生财富时才有男人味。有钱才有男人味。酗酒也意味着男人味，让另一个男人喝趴下的能力尤其如此。美国男人必须捕杀狮子、

39、猎取野鸭、肩上扛满刀枪，以证明他像别的男人一样残忍。刻板印象中男人气概的一切都不利于心智生活。4. 即便是在受女权主义影响的美国，做男人也是一种特权。如果不是由于这种观念被世人广为认同，那谈上述情况就毫无意义了。相反，做男人是一个过重的、带有惩罚性质的负担。身为男人糟糕透顶，有男子气概则让人心惊胆战。4. 不定项选择题The weight of plastic waste clogging the worlds oceans threatens to exceed all fish by 2050 if the worlds seemingly insatiable appetite for

40、the material continues at the current explosive rate, warned a new report presented on Tuesday.In fact, according to the study by the Ellen MeaArthur Foundation along with the World Economic Forum, “plastics production has surged over the past 50 years, from 15 million tonnes in 1964 to 311 million

41、tonnes in 2014, and is expected to double again over the next 20 years.”The studyThe New Plastics Economy: Rethinking The Future of Plasticsintroduced at the opening day of the WEFs annual summit in Davos, Switzerland is the first of its kind to comprehensively assess global plastic packaging flows.

42、 The report makes an economic case for what it calls the “New Plastics Economy”, described as “a new approach based on creating effective after-use pathways for plastics; drastically reducing leakage of plastics into natural systems, in particular oceans; and decoupling plastics from fossil feedstoc

43、ks”.Among the findings, which are based on interviews with over 180 experts and on analysis of over 200 reports, the study estimates that roughly 8 million tonnes of plastics leak into the ocean each year“which is equivalent to dumping the contents of one garbage truck into ocean every minute”, This

44、 amount is expected to double by 2030.“In a business-as-usual scenario, the ocean is expected to contain/tonne of plastic for every 3 tonnes of fish by 2025, and by 2050, more plastics than fish (by weight)” the report continues.Whats more, the report estimates that only 14 percent of plastic packag

45、ing is collected for recycling and even less for plastics in general. After sorting, only 5 percent is ultimately retained for subsequent use, which is far below global recycling rates for paper (58 per cent) and iron and steel (70-90 percent).Further, the report examines the carbon impact of plasti

46、cs production, given that over 90 percent are derived from “virgin fossil feedstocks”. Plastics production represents roughly 6 percent of global oil consumption and “If the current strong growth of plastics usage continues as expected, the plastics sector will account for 20% of total oil consumpti

47、on and 15% of the global annual carbon budget by 2050.”The report argues that single-use plastics, and plastic packaging specifically, represents a net loss for the economy, as its limited value is outweighed by these negative impacts. It states:After a short first-use cycle, 95% of plastic packagin

48、g material value, or USD 80-120 billion annually, is lost to the economy. A staggering 32% of plastic packaging escapes collection systems, generating significant economic costs by reducing urban infrastructure. The cost of such after-use externalities for plastic packaging, plus the cost associated

49、 with greenhouse gas emissions from its production, is exceeding the plastic packaging industrys profit pool.“Linear models of production and consumption are increasingly challenged by the context within which they operate, and this is particularly true for high-volume, low-value materials such as p

50、lastic packaging,” said Ellen MacArthur, an accomplished British yachtswoman turned foundation chair.The researchers conclude that in order to get closer to the goal of a “circular economy” where “consumption happens only in effective bio-cycles; elsewhere use replaces consumption” both the public a

51、nd private sector must work towards the goal of creating plastics that can be both recycled and composted.1.Which of the following is CORRECT about New Plastics Economy according to the passage?2.All EXCEPT （ ） can be found from the findings of The New Plastics Economy.3.Which of the following is IN

52、CORRECT according to the passage?4.How to get closer to the goal of circular economy according to the researchers?问题1选项A.It is an approach based on creating evasive after-use pathways for plastics.B.It is an approach reducing leakage of plastics into natural systems, in particular lands.C.It is an a

53、pproach decoupling plastics from iron feedstocks.D.It comes from a study introduced at the opening day of the WEFs annual summit in Davos, Switzerland.问题2选项A.It is estimated that about 8 million tonnes of plastics leak into the ocean each year.B.Plastics production represents roughly 6 percent of gl

54、obal oil consumption.C.Plastics production will be 311 million tonnes and account for 20% of total oil consumption by 2050.D.The ocean is expected to contain/tonne of plastic for every 3 tonnes of fish by 2025 in a business-as-usual scenario.问题3选项A.Only 14 percent of the plastic packaging is ultimat

55、ely retained for subsequent use after sorting.B.The global recycling rates for paper are 58% .C.32% of plastic packaging gets away from collection systems, generating significant economic costs.D.95% of plastic packaging material value is lost to the economy after a short first-use cycle.问题4选项A.To m

56、ake a linear model of production and consumption of high-volume, low-value plastic packaging.B.To make the public and private sector work together to create plastics that can be both recycled and composted.C.To make use replace consumption when required.D.To make consumption happen in sustainable bi

57、o-cycles.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】1. Which of the following is CORRECT about New Plastics Economy according to the passage? 1. 根据文章，关于新塑料经济，下列哪个选项是正确的？A. It is an approach based on creating evasive after-use pathways for plastics. A. 这是一种基于为塑料创造回避使用后路径的方法。B. It is an approach reducing

58、 leakage of plastics into natural systems, in particular lands. B. 这是一种减少塑料泄漏到自然系统，特别是土地的方法。C. It is an approach decoupling plastics from iron feedstocks. C. 这是一种从铁原料中分离塑料的方法。D. It comes from a study introduced at the opening day of the WEFs annual summit in Davos, Switzerland. D. 它来自于在瑞士达沃斯举行的世界经济论

59、坛年度峰会开幕日推出的一项研究。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据第三段第一句“这项名为新塑料经济：重新思考塑料的未来的研究报告是在瑞士达沃斯世界经济论坛年度峰会开幕日推出的，这是首个全面评估全球塑料包装流动的此类研究”，理解可知，新塑料经济来自于在瑞士达沃斯举行的世界经济论坛年度峰会开幕日推出的一项研究，D项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“这是一种基于为塑料创造回避使用后路径的方法”、B选项“这是一种减少塑料泄漏到自然系统，特别是土地的方法”和C选项“这是一种从铁原料中分离塑料的方法”定位至第三段第二句“该报告为其所谓的新塑料经济提出了经济理由，称其为一种基于为塑料创造有效的使用后路径的新方

60、法；大幅减少塑料泄漏到自然系统，特别是海洋；以及将塑料与化石原料分离。”可知，都与原文不符，曲解原文。第2题:2.【选项释义】2. All EXCEPT _ can be found from the findings of The New Plastics Economy. 2. 除了_，其他都可以在新塑料经济的调查结果中找到。A. It is estimated that about 8 million tonnes of plastics leak into the ocean each year. A. 据估计，每年约有800万吨塑料泄漏到海洋中。B. Plastics product

61、ion represents roughly 6 percent of global oil consumption. B. 塑料生产约占全球石油消耗的6%。C. Plastics production will be 311 million tonnes and account for 20% of total oil consumption by 2050. C. 到2050年，塑料产量将达到3.11亿吨，占石油总消费量的20%。D. The ocean is expected to contain/tonne of plastic for every 3 tonnes of fish b

62、y 2025 in a business-as-usual scenario. D. 在一切照旧的情况下，到2025年，海洋中每3吨鱼将含有1吨塑料。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据第七段最后一句“到2050年，塑料行业将占石油消费总量的20%，占全球年度碳预算的15%”可知，C选项“到2050年，塑料产量将达到3.11亿吨，占石油总消费量的20%”中的“3.11亿吨”并没有提到；而在第二段最后一句有提到“塑料产量在过去50年里激增，从1964年的1500万吨增至2014年的3.11亿吨，预计未来20年还将翻番”，可知，3.11亿吨是2014年的塑料产量，C项属于张冠李戴，不符合原文但符

63、合题意。该题选择C项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“据估计，每年约有800万吨塑料泄漏到海洋中”定位至第四段第一句“大约每年800万吨塑料泄漏到海洋中”，可知A项正确，属于反向干扰；B选项“塑料生产约占全球石油消耗的6%”定位至第六段第二句“塑料生产约占全球石油消费的6%”，可知B项正确，属于反向干扰；D选项“在一切照旧的情况下，到2025年，海洋中每3吨鱼将含有1吨塑料”定位至第五段第一句“在一切照旧的情况下，到2025年，海洋中每3吨鱼将含有1吨塑料”，可知D项正确，属于反向干扰。第3题:3.【选项释义】3. Which of the following is INCORRECT accord

64、ing to the passage? 3. 根据文章，下列哪个选项是错误的？A. Only 14 percent of the plastic packaging is ultimately retained for subsequent use after sorting. A. 经过分类后，只有14%的塑料包装最终保留下来供后续使用。B. The global recycling rates for paper are 58%. B. 全球纸张回收率为58%。C. 32% of plastic packaging gets away from collection systems, generating significant economic costs. C. 32%的塑料包装从回收系统中流失，产生了巨大的经济成本。D. 95% of plastic packaging material value is lost to the economy after a short first-use cycle. D. 在短暂的首次使用周期后，塑料包