2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷19

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1、2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题His hand shook a little as he（ ） the key in the lock.问题1选项A.squeezedB.insertedC.stuffedD.pierced【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。squeeze“挤，紧握”；insert“插入”；stuff“塞满”；pierce“穿孔”。句意：当他将钥匙插入锁时，他的手微微抖了一下。B项符合题意。2. 单选题Hes watching TV? Hes（ ） to be cleaning his room.问题1选项A.knownB.su

2、pposedC.regardedD.considered【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。be supposed to do sth“应该做某事，被期望做某事”；句意：他在看电视吗？他本应该在打扫房间的。B项符合题意。3. 单选题Nutritional（营养的）status affects childrens behavior. Well-nourished children are more alert and attentive and are better able to benefit from physical activity and learning experience. Poo

3、rly-nourished children may be quiet and withdrawn, or too active during class activities. Fat children also face many problems. They are often slow the less able to participate in physical activity. They may suffer from added ridicule and emotional stress by being excluded from playmates.Childrens r

4、esistance to infection and illness is also definitely influenced by their nutritional status. Children who are well nourished are less likely to become ill; they also recover more quickly when they are sick. Poorly-nourished children are more sensitive to infections and illness. Illness also increas

5、es the need for some nutrients.（营养物质）Thus poor nutrition creates a cycle of illness, poorer nutritional status, and lowered resistance to illness.Malnutrition is a serious problem for many young children but it is not always associated with poverty or a deprived environment. Children of middle and u

6、pper income families may also be malnourished because of unwise food selections. Malnutrition occurs when there is prolonged imbalance between the nutrients that are required and the nutrients that are actually eaten. Malnutrition may be the result of undernutrition or overnutrition.It is important

7、that both of these conditions be avoided in young child. An adequate intake of all required nutrients is most critical during early periods of growth and development. Also, the effects of nutritional deficiency on physical development during certain stages of early childhood cannot always be reverse

8、d with improved dietary intake.1.Well-nourished children tend to do all the following but（ ）.2.Which of the following statement is NOT true?3.Malnutrition may be caused by（ ）.4.It is implied in the passage that（ ）.5.Whats the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.be attentive while learningB.be too active

9、 in classC.benefit from physical activityD.behave very properly问题2选项A.Childrens resistance to illness is directly proportional to the poor nutritional status.B.The well-nourished tend to recover quickly when they are ill.C.The poorly-nourished are most likely to be the victims of any infectious dise

10、ase.D.The 4cycle indicates that illness can turn the poor nutritional condition for the worse.问题3选项A.a deprived environmentB.unwise food selectionsC.under nutritionD.all of the above问题4选项A.over nutrition is even more harmful than under nutritionB.malnutrition has serous effects on childs physical de

11、velopmentC.the nutritional condition of young child deserves more concern than that of adultD.the nutrients intake can be improved as the child grows up问题5选项A.The difference between well and poorly-nourished children.B.The effects of nutrition on children.C.The cause of malnutrition.D.The importance

12、 of balanced dietary intake.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的第二句“Well-nourished children are more alert and attentive and are better able to benefit from physical activity and learning experience. 营养良好的儿童更警觉和专注，并能更好地从体育活动和学习经验中获益。”由此可知，选项A、C、D均符合原文，只有选项B是营养不良的孩子倾向于做的事，所以本题选B。2.细节事实题。根据

13、第二段第一句“Childrens resistance to infection and illness is also definitely influenced by their nutritional status. 儿童对感染和疾病的抵抗力也肯定受到营养状况的影响。”原文并没有提及二者是成正比的关系，所以选项A错误。3.细节事实题。根据第三自然段的内容可知，营养不良并不总是与贫穷或贫困的环境有关。中高收入家庭的孩子也可能因为不明智的食物选择而营养不良。营养不良可能是营养不足或营养过剩的结果。由此可知，选项A、B、C均是导致营养不良的原因，所以选项D正确。4.判断推理题。原文最后两段讲到

14、了幼儿营养不良的问题，呼吁父母更多的关注孩子营养问题，所以选项C正确。A选项“营养过剩比营养不足更有害”在原文并没有明确的信息提及；B选项“营养不良对儿童的身体发育有严重影响”是原文明确提出的信息，不是暗示的；D选项“随着孩子的成长，营养素的摄入量可以提高”在原文也没有提及，所以只有选项C正确。5.主旨大意题。原文首段第一句话就点明了本文的主题“Nutritional status affects childrens behavior. 营养状况影响孩子的行为。”接下来的内容也主要是围绕着“营养状况对孩子的影响”这个话题展开，所以选项B最能概括全文。4. 翻译题Directions: Tran

15、slate the following five underlined sentences into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.You cannot find or will you ever find gold on the surface. It has to be discovered and has to be found deep inside the Earths ground. 1.And it takes years to find the gold and this is why it is so

16、valuable. Not everyone has it.Character is the same. You will not find character on the surface. You can only find character deep inside your soul. 2.And your character is only discovered when there is chaos. Your character is never tested when things are going your way.3.You have to dig deep inside

17、 of you to find the character and when you do that you will discover the true gold.You consistently remember on how you treat others. Are you kind or unkind? Do you have manners? Are you respectful? These are questions we ask each other.4.This is why your character is your gold mine. You must guard

18、your character just like you would guard your gold. Do not let anyone take it or destroy it.5.People will test you in life and events in life will shake you. However, when this happens please look deep inside and find your character because your character will help you succeed any event.Your charact

19、er is your gold.【答案】1.这个过程很费时间，所以黄金才那么珍贵，不是每个人都能够拥有。2.只有混乱发生的时候你才会发现它，只有在事情不顺心的时候你的品质才会得到考验3.向自我的深处挖掘，寻找你的品质，这样你就会发现真正的黄金。4.这就是为什么说你的品质是你的金矿。你一定要守护你的品质，就像你会守护自己的黄金一样。5.在生活中，有的人会考验你，有的事情会使你动摇。5. 单选题Many scientists remain（ ） about the value of this research program.问题1选项A.skepticalB.stationaryC.spacio

20、usD.specific【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。skeptical“怀疑的”；stationary“固定的，静止的”；spacious“宽敞的，广阔的”；specific“特殊的，特定的”。句意：一些科学家对这个研究项目的价值保持怀疑。A项符合题意。6. 单选题Many artists late in the last century were in search of a means to express their individuality. Modern dance was one of the ways some of these people sought to free

21、 their creative spirit. At the beginning there was no exacting technique, no foundation from which to build. In later years, trial, error, and genius founded the techniques and the principles of the movement. Eventually, innovators even drew from what they considered the dread ballet, but first they

22、 had to discard all that was academic so that the new could be discovered. The beginnings of modern dance were happening before Isadora Duncan, but she was the first person to bring the new dance to general audience and see it accepted and acclaimed.Her search for a natural movement form sent her to

23、 nature. She believed movement should be as natural as the swaying of the trees and the rolling waves of the sea, and should be in harmony with the movements of the Earth. Her great contributions are in three areas.First, she began the expansion of the kinds of movements that could be used in dance,

24、 before Duncan danced, ballet was the only type of dance performed in concert. In the ballet the feet and legs were emphasized, with virtuosity (精湛的技巧) shown by complicated, designed positions and movements. Duncan performed dance by using all her body in the freest possible way. Her dance stemmed f

25、rom her soul and spirit. She was one of the pioneers who broke tradition so others might be able to develop the art.Her second contribution was in dance costume. She discarded corset (紧身内衣), ballet shoes, and stint costumes. These were replaced with flowing Grecian tunics, bare feet and unbound hair

26、. She believed in the natural body being allowed to move freely, and her dress displayed this ideal.Her third contribution was in the use of music. In her performances she used the symphonies of great masters, including Beethoven and Wagner, which was not the usual custom.She was as exciting and ecc

27、entric in her personal life as in her dance.1.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?2.According to the passage, what did nature represent to Isadora Duncan?3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an area of dance that Duncan worked to change?4.Compared to

28、 those of the ballet, Duncans costumes were less（ ）.5.What does the paragraph following the passage probably discuss?问题1选项A.The Evolution of Dance in the Twentieth Century.B.Artists of the Last Century.C.Natural Movement in Dance.D.A Pioneer in Modern Dance.问题2选项A.A model for movement.B.Something to

29、 conquer.C.A place to find peace.D.A symbol of disorder.问题3选项A.The musicB.The stage setsC.CostumesD.Movements问题4选项A.costlyB.colorfulC.gracefulD.restrictive问题5选项A.Duncans further contribution to modern dance.B.The music customarily used in ballet.C.Other aspects of Duncans life.D.Audience acceptance

30、of the new form of dance.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】第1题:1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文是一篇传记，主要讲述的是现代舞的先驱Isadora Duncan对舞蹈的巨大贡献。所以选项D正确。2.判断推理题。题干问的是“对Isadora Duncan来说，大自然代表了什么？”根据第二段的一、二句“她对自然运动形式的探索使她进入了自然。她认为运动应该像树木的摇摆和大海的波涛一样自然，应该与大地的运动协调一致。”也就是说，Isadora Duncan把大自然当做舞蹈运动的模型，将舞蹈和自然相结合。所以选项A正确。3.细节事实题。原

31、文第三段主要讲述的是Duncan对舞蹈动作的改变；第四段主要讲述的是对舞蹈服装的改变；第五段主要讲述的是对音乐运用的改变。所以只有选项B“舞台”的改变在原文中没有提及。4.判断推理题。根据原文第四段的内容“她摒弃了紫色内衣，芭蕾舞鞋和具有限制性的服装，取而代之的是飘逸的希腊宽松外衣、光着脚和披散着的头发。” 由此可知，Duncan的服装是轻松自由的，相对于芭蕾服装来说，没有那么多的限制性，所以选项D正确。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段的内容“她的个人生活就像她的舞蹈一样令人兴奋和古怪。”由此可推断，接下来可能要讲到的内容是Duncan生活的其他方面。选项C正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:7

32、. 单选题The bank refused to（ ） him any money, so he had to postpone buying a house.问题1选项A.creditB.borrowC.loanD.lease【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。credit“信任，把归给”；borrow“借”；loan“贷款，借款”；lease“出租，租用”。句意：这个银行拒绝贷款给他，所以他不得不推迟买房子。C项符合题意。8. 单选题All the memories of his childhood had（ ） from his mind by the time he was 65.问题1选

33、项A.fadedB.illustratedC.confinedD.concerned【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。fade“褪色，逐渐消失”；illustrate“阐明，举例说明”；confine“限制，紧闭”；concern“影响，牵挂，关系到，涉及”。句意：他大脑中童年时代的所有记忆在他65岁时都逐渐模糊。A项符合题意。9. 单选题I have devoted four weekends to writing papers and now I feel I（ ） a rest.问题1选项A.deserveB.preserveC.conceiveD.receive【答案】A【解析】考查动词

34、辨析。deserve“应受，应得，值得”；preserve“保存，保护”；conceive“怀孕，构思”；receive“接受”。句意：我花了四周时间写论文，现在我觉得我值得休息一下了。A项符合题意。10. 单选题He tried to（ ）his involvement in this scheme, but he finally gave in and confessed.问题1选项A.rejectB.denyC.refuseD.decline【答案】B【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项reject“拒绝，排斥，抵制”；B选项deny“否认，拒绝给予，拒绝的要求”；C选项refuse“拒绝接受

35、，谢绝”；D选项decline“婉拒，下降”。根据句意“他试图否认自己参与了这个计划，但最后还是屈服并招供了。”这里表示的是否认做过某事，选项B符合语境。11. 单选题If you put too many potatoes in that paper bag it will（ ）.问题1选项A.explodeB.crackC.overcrowdD.burst【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项explode“爆炸”；B选项crack“破裂”；C选项overcrowd“过度拥挤”；D选项burst“涨破，撑破”。根据句意“如果你在纸袋里放太多土豆，它会胀破的。”选项D符合句意。12. 单选题

36、Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants（被告）. B

37、ut in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. Handsome male executives were thought as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for

38、their success. Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck.All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female e

39、xecutives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of the attractive overnight successes.Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is thought to be more feminine

40、 and an attractive man more masculine than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the masculine qualities required.This is true even in politics. “When the only c

41、lue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,” says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiven

42、ess. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them.The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been most attractive invariably received t

43、he fewest votes.1.The word liability in paragraph 1 most probably means（ ）.2.In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness（ ）.3.Bowmans experiment reveals that when it comes to politics, attractiveness（ ） .4.The passage implies that peoples views on beauty are often（ ）.5.The purpose of the author in

44、writing this passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.misfortuneB.instabilityC.disadvantageD.burden问题2选项A.reinforces the feminine qualities requiredB.makes women look more honest and capableC.is of primary importance to womenD.often enables women to succeed quickly问题3选项A.turns out to be an obstacle to menB.affects men

45、and women alikeC.has as little effect on men as on womenD.is more of an obstacle than a benefit to women问题4选项A.practicalB.prejudicedC.old-fashionedD.radical问题5选项A.to discuss the negative aspects of being attractiveB.to give advice to job-seekers who are attractiveC.to demand equal rights for womenD.

46、to emphasize the importance of appearance【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:1.语义推断题。根据关键词定位到第一段最后一句“But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability. 但在高管圈子里，美貌可能成为一种 。”but在这里表示转折关系，前面的内容都是在讲美貌所带来的优势，因此可以推断，liability指的是不利条件。A选项misfortune“不幸，灾祸”；B选项instability“不稳定”；C选项disadvantage“不利条件”；D

47、选项burden“负担，责任”。选项C与之意思相近，所以正确。2.判断推理题。根据第四段最后一句“Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the masculine qualities required. 因此，一个有吸引力的女性在传统的女性工作中具有优势，但一个有吸引力的女性在传统的男性工作上似乎缺乏所需的“男性”特征。”由此可以推断

48、，传统的女性工作需要女性具有吸引力，因为吸引力增强了女性所需要的特质，选项A符合原文。3.判断推理题。根据原文最后一段的内容“结果显示,有吸引力的男性完全击败了没有吸引力的男性，但最具有吸引力的女性总是得到最少的选票。”由此可知，当涉及政治时，吸引力对女性来说并不是一件好事，选项D符合原文。4.观点态度题。A选项practical“实际的”；B选项prejudiced“怀有偏见的”；C选项old-fashioned“过时的”； D选项radical“激进的”。文章内容首先介绍了人们对美的传统认知，然后介绍了人们认为具有吸引力的女性高管的成功大多来自运气，而不是能力；当涉及政治时，具有吸引力的女

49、性得票最低。因此可知人们对于美的看法通常是带有偏见的，所以选项B正确。5.作者意图题。结合全文内容可知，文章第一段最后句就讲到了美貌可能会成为一个不利因素，接下来的内容也主要是围绕这一话题展开，所以作者写本文的目的主要是讨论吸引力带来的负面影响，所以选项A正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:13. 单选题An important factor in determining how well you perform in an examination is the（ ）of our mind.问题1选项A.stateB.caseC.situationD.circumstance【答案】A【解析

50、】考查名词辨析。state“情形”；case“情况”；situation“形势”；circumstance“环境，状况”。句意：决定考试好坏的一个重要因素是我们的精神状态。故A项符合题意。14. 单选题He found the（ ） media attention intolerable and decided to go abroad.问题1选项A.sufficientB.constantC.steadyD.plenty【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。sufficient“足够的，充分的”；constant“持续的，不变的，恒定的”；steady“稳固的，不变的”；plenty“许多，丰富

51、”。句意：媒体对他的不断关注使他无法忍受，因此他决定出国。由intolerable可知B项正确，其他三项都为褒义词，不符合语境。15. 单选题Real-time web searchwhich scours only the latest updates to services like Twitteris currently generating quite a buzz because it can provide a glimpse of what people around the world are thinking or doing at any given moment. Int

52、erest in this kind of search is so great that, according to recent leaks, Google is considering buying Twitter.The latest research from the interact search giant, though, suggests that real-time results could be even more powerfulthey may reveal the future as well as the present.Google researchers H

53、yunyoung Choi and Hal Varian combined data from Google Trends on the popularity of different search terms with models used by economists to predict trends in areas such as travel and home sales. The result? Better forecasts in almost every case. It works because searches reveal something about peopl

54、es intentions. Google has demonstrated before that search data can predict flu outbreaks, and last week World Bank economist Erik Feyen said he could cut errors in a model that forecasts lending to the private sector by 15% using Google search data.But real-time results could have even more predicti

55、ve power: knowing what people are actually doing, not just thinking, at a particular instant gives a strong hint of the future consequences.Johan Bollen of Los Alamos National Laboratory and Alberto Pepe of the University of California, Los Angeles, applied a mood rating system to the text from over

56、 10,000 Future Me emails sent in 2006 to gauge peoples hopes, fears and predictions for the future. They found that emails directed at 2007 to 2012 were significantly more depressed in tone than messages aimed at the subsequent six years. Could they have predicted the worlds current economic slump?W

57、ithout more data, that is no more than an intriguing possibility. So Bollen plans to look at more Future Me emails, as well as Twitter messages, to search for mood swings that foreshadow other economic changes. If he finds any such links, the same sources might be used to try and predict future econ

58、omic fluctuations.So will our online footsteps become a central part of economic forecasting? Well have to wait and seeor perhaps do a quick web search.1.What is “real-time” web search like Twitter?2.What is the result of research established by Google researchers Hyunyoung Choi and Hal Varian?3.Wha

59、t can we infer from Para. 5?4.Whats the meaning of “Without more data, that is no more than an intriguing possibility.”？5.Whats the attitude of author to real-time search?问题1选项A.It tells us what people did in past days.B.It generates quite a buzz in recent days.C.It provides latest news about everyt

60、hing.D.It informs what people do in the future.问题2选项A.They gain nothing special from the combination of data and models.B.They indeed reveal something about peoples intentions in such areas.C.They find that the future trends cannot be predicted from the research.D.They totally understand the future

61、trends of these areas from research.问题3选项A.It is possible for researchers to get some hints from the Future Me emails.B.There is no relationship between the depression and economic slump.C.There is a potential relationship between depression and economic slump.D.The Future Me emails may indicate peo

62、ples reaction about future prediction.问题4选项A.More data are necessary to turn this possibility to be reality.B.The possibility is just all intriguing possibility without data.C.No amount of data cannot be a strong proof for the possibility.D.More data are needed to turn it out to be a pure possibility.问题5选项A.Negative.B.Critical.C.Optimistic.D.Indifferent.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段“Real-time web searchwhich scours only the latest updates to services like Twitteris currently generating quite a buzz be