2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷56

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1、2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Married couples can get a divorce if they find they are not（ ） .问题1选项A.compatibleB.comparableC.comfortableD.communicable【答案】A【解析】compatible能共处的, 兼容的；comparable可比较的, 比得上的；communicable可传达的, 会传染的。句意:已婚夫妇如果发现彼此不能和谐共处, 可以选择离婚。选项A符合语境。2. 单选题Understanding is one of

2、the most important （ ）of a happy marriage.问题1选项A.initiativesB.ingredientsC.proverbsD.possessions【答案】B【解析】initiative主动权, 首创精神；ingredients要素, 组成部分；proverb谚语, 格言；possession拥有, 财产。句意:理解是幸福婚姻最重要的因素之一。选项B符合句意。3. 写作题In this part, you are required to write an essay of no less than 200 words on Information E

3、xplosion. The essay should be based on the outline below:1.Current situation of information explosion;2.Advantages of information explosion;3.Disadvantages of information explosion;4.Your suggestions.【答案】Information ExplosionIt is known to all that ours is an information era,in which information is

4、available through many channels,such as books, newspapers,magazines,radio and TV stations and the Internet . The rapid increase in the amount of published information and the effects of this abundance of data are known as information explosion. Too much information has inevitably become a heavy burd

5、en to some peoples spiritual life because they do not know what information to turn to.There is no doubt that information explosion has its advantages. As mentioned earlier, we can get information through many channels. For example, if we want to collect information concerning a well-known product,

6、we can do so by reading newspapers, magazines, watching TV or surfing the Internet. The greatest advantage of information explosion lies in the convenience it has offered us.However, information explosion has its disadvantages. For instance,newspapers, magazines,radio and TV stations, and the Intern

7、et are able to provide us with a sea of information, faced with which we have great difficulty in selecting information suitable for us.On the basis of the above analysis, it can be concluded that information explosion is a mixed blessing. As far as we are concerned, we must not be nervous in the fa

8、ce of information explosion. What really counts is to learn to filter the information we have got. In other words, we must learn to distinguish true information from false information, differentiate useful information from harmful information.4. 单选题Leaks from Edward Snowden, a systems administrator

9、turned whistleblower at the National Security Agency (NSA), Americas signals-intelligence agency, have confirmed that the Internet is insecure, and that modern spy agencies canand do, on an industrial scaletap virtually any form of online communication. But perhaps the most acute embarrassment so fa

10、r has been caused by the revelation that the NSA may have been listening to phone calls made by the leaders of Americas allies,most notably those of the German chancellor, Angela Merkel. But how exactly is it done?A mobile phone is essentially a telephone with a radio attached. Anyone can listen in

11、on the radio waves travelling between a handset and the base station to which it is connected. To prevent casual eavesdropping, phones often (although not always) use encryption, which disarranges the data so that only the intended recipient can make sense of it. But not all encryption is created eq

12、ual. The encryption used in second-generation (2G) phonesa technology that dates back to 1991一is weak, and readily cracked by modern computers. The 3G standard includes stronger disarranging,although it is still not perfect. 4G, the newest standard, currently being used around the world, likewise of

13、fers more competent encryptionalthough documents leaked by Edward Snowden suggest that the spies are pressuring manufacturers to put secret “back doors” into their products.But getting involved in cryptography isnt always necessary. Spy agencies can obtain details from telephone companies, either by

14、 asking them to cooperate or forcing them to. Another option is to impersonate the mobile network itself, by setting up a fake base-station and persuading the targets phone to connect to it. At a hacker conference in 2010,a security researcher called Chris Paget gave a detailed demonstration of how

15、this works, using less than $ 2,000 of off-the-shelf equipment (a fake base-station can instruct phones that connect to it to do all sorts of things,such as turn off their encryption). Police forces around the world use a similar gear to silently listen in on calls made by their targets. A recent bo

16、ok describes how the FBI has quietly removed several such fake base-stations- run by foreign embassiesfrom around Washington,D. C.Nor is it just calls. Text messages can also be snatched. Modern smartphones are general-purpose computers. Users store e-mails on them, fix their position with satellite

17、 navigation systems, and even use them for banking, making them very juicy targets indeed. Even if the phones themselves are secure, it is far from clear how secure the behind-the- scenes servers run by Google and Apple, which control the Android and iOS platforms respectively, really are. For the n

18、on-spies, there are cheaper, simpler options that often work, too. This week several journalists in Britain are standing trial for hacking the voicemail messages of everyone from serving politicians to murdered schoolchildren. Their methods were low-tech but effective: they smooth-talked employees o

19、f mobile-phone companies into handing over the four-digit pass codes that protect their customers voicemail accounts. Or else they simply guessed them, betting that the phone owners either hadnt changed them from default settings or had chosen easy-to-remember ones, such as 12 34. Whether the NSA us

20、ed low-or high-tech methods to tap Mrs. Merkels phone remains a mysteryfor now, at least.1.What is the purpose of this passage?2.How can encryption prevent casual eavesdropping?3.According to the context the word “impersonate”(Para. 3)might mean “（ ） ”.4.What is the last paragraph about?问题1选项A.To re

21、veal how Angela Merkel is tapped.B.To narrate the story of leaks from Edward Snowden.C.To explain how phones can be bugged.D.To show the advancement of high technology.问题2选项A.By stopping the usual radio waves.B.By disconnecting a telephone to a radio.C.By making the information incomprehensible.D.By

22、 creating equal code pages.问题3选项A.empowerB.designC.personifyD.copy问题4选项A.Other illegal means to obtain personal information.B.Process of snatching text messages.C.The trial of several British journalists.D.Advice of how to use smartphones in proper ways.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B【解析】第1题:1.结合文章内容可知,文章由

23、第一段爱德华斯诺登泄密的故事引出手机窃听,主要目的是为了说明手机是如何被窃听的,所以选项C正确。2.根据第二段第三句“To prevent casual eavesdropping, . recipient can make sense of it.”为了防止偶然的窃听,手机经常(虽然并不总是如此)使用加密技术,加密技术会打乱数据的排列,只有目标接收者才能理解这些数据。也就是说,使信息无法被旁人所理解,选项C符合原文。3.根据第三段第三句“Another option is to impersonate the mobile network itself, by setting up a fa

24、ke base-station and persuading the targets phone to connect to it.”另一种选择是模拟移动网络本身,建立一个假的基站,并说服目标的手机连接到它。根据“fake base-station”可以推测,impersonate表示模拟的意思,选项中D带入原文最接近文意,所以正确。4.根据最后一段的第一句“Nor is it just calls. Text messages can also be snatched.”不只是电话,短信也可以被窃取。选项B符合原文。第2题:第3题:第4题:5. 单选题He collects （ ）of al

25、l kinds of rocks and minerals.问题1选项A.specimensB.timbersC.serpentsD.trunks【答案】A【解析】specimens样品, 标本；timber木材；serpent大蛇, 毒蛇；trunk树干。句意:他收集各种岩石和矿物的标本。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题The world is undergoing tremendous changes. The rise of globalization, both an economic and cultural trend that has swept throughout the wor

26、ld, has forged new ground as we enter the 21st century. But are the effects of globalization always positive? Some say no.Michael Tenet, head of the International Institute for Foreign Relations in Atlanta, is worried about current resentment throughout the world toward the rise of globalization. “E

27、ver since the 1980s and the economic collapse of the Asian Tigers in the late 1990s, there has been a re-evaluation of the role of globalization as a force for good,” he said. “Incomes in many countries have declined and the gap between the most rich and the most poor has been aggravated. Without fu

28、rther intervention by governments, we could see a tragedy expressed in an increased level of poverty throughout the Latin America and Asia.”Yet George Frank, an influential economist who works on Wall Street, sees no such danger. “Economic liberalization, increased transparency and market-based refo

29、rms have positive effect in the long run, even if market mechanisms can produce short-term destabilization problems,” he said. “What is most important is that barriers to trade continue to fall so that active competition for consumer goods reduces prices and in turn raises the average level of incom

30、e.”Others feel that globalizations cultural impact may be more important than its economic implications. Janice Yawed, a native of Africa, feels strongly that globalization is undermining her local culture and language. “Most of the worlds dialects will become extinct under globalization. Were pavin

31、g the world with McDonalds and English slang. It tears me up inside,” she said.Governments of different countries have had mixed responses to the wave of globalization. The United States is generally seen as an active proponent of greater free trade, and it certainly has enormous cultural influence

32、by virtue of its near monopoly on worldwide entertainment. But other countries, most notably in Europe and developing nations, have sought to reduce the impact that globalization has on their domestic affairs.“When I was a boy we had very little to speak of,” says one Singaporean resident. “Now our

33、country has developed into a booming hub for international finance.” Others, however, are not so optimistic. “Globalization is an evil force that must be halted,” a union official at a car plant in Detroit recently commented, “Its sucking away jobs and killing the spirit of our country.”1.As for glo

34、balization, Michael Tenets attitude to it is most probably to be in（ ） .2.The views of Michael Tenet and George Frank on globalization are quite （ ）.3.When mentioning Janice Yawed, the author is talking about（ ） .4.According to paragraph 5, different countries consider globalization as （ ）.5.The tit

35、le which best expresses the main idea of the text would be（ ） .问题1选项A.firm supportB.cautious approvalC.great anxietyD.strong repentance问题2选项A.optimisticB.identicalC.worryingD.contrary问题3选项A.her local culture and languageB.the cultural implications of globalizationC.McDonalds and English slangD.the e

36、conomic impact of globalization问题4选项A.a mixed blessingB.an evil forceC.an active stimulusD.an intervention in their domestic affairs问题5选项A.Disadvantages of Globalization in Economic AreaB.Peoples Responses to the Impacts of GlobalizationC.Influence of Globalization on the Economy and CultureD.Differ

37、ent Roles of Globalization in the Development of Economy【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:1.根据关键词“Michael Tenet”定位到第二段第一句“Michael Tenet, ., is worried about current resentment throughout the world toward the rise of globalization.”说明Michael Tenet对全球化的态度是担忧的。选项C正确。2.根据上题可知Michael Tenet对全球化感到担忧，而根据

38、第三段第一句“Yet George Frank, an influential economist who works on Wall Street, sees no such danger.”George Frank却没有察觉到这样的危险。说明两个人的观点态度是截然相反的，所以选项D正确。3.根据关键词“Janice Yawed”定位到第四段第二句“Janice Yawed, a native of Africa, feels strongly that globalization is undermining her local culture and language.”Janice Y

39、awed是非洲土著人，她强烈地感觉到全球化正在破坏当地的文化和语言。作者实际上是在说明全球化对文化的影响，所以选项B正确。4.根据第五段的内容可知，不同国家的政府对全球化浪潮反应不一样。美国被普遍认为是自由贸易的积极支持者，而且几乎垄断了全球的娱乐，具有巨大的文化影响力。但是，其他国家，特别是欧洲和发展中国家， 已经设法减少全球化对其国内事务的影响。也就是说，全球化有利也有弊，所以选项A正确。5.文章第一段首先提出全球化的问题，接下来的几段都是分别阐述人们乃至国家对全球化影响的反应。所以选项B最能概括全文。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:7. 翻译题随着经济的发展和物质生活的丰富, 广告在日常

40、生活中变得越来越重要了。广告提供产品的最新信息。没有广告, 消费者就不能尽快地了解附近的商店里都有什么新商品。广告有助于市场的发展, 因为货卖得越多, 价格就越便宜。广告还为报纸、杂志、广播电台和电视台等单位带来经济效益。【答案】With the development of economy and the enrichment of material life, advertisements are getting more and more important in our daily life. Advertisements offer the latest information co

41、ncerning new products. Without them, consumers would be unable to know as soon as possible what new commodities are available in the stores nearby. Advertisements are conducive to the development of markets because the more goods are sold, the cheaper they will be. Advertisements can also bring abou

42、t economic benefits for such units as newspapers, magazines, radio and television stations.8. 单选题The uniqueness of the Japanese character is the result of two seemingly contradictory forces: the strength of traditions and the selective receptivity to foreign achievements and inventions. As early as

43、1860s there were counter movement to the traditional orientation. One of the famous spokesmen of Japans “Enlightenment” claimed “the Confucian civilization of the East seems to me to lack two things possessed by Western civilization: science in the material sphere and a sense of independence in the

44、spiritual sphere.” Another break of relative liberalism followed World War I, when the democratic idealism of President Woodrow Wilson had an important impact on Japanese intellectuals and especially students; but more important was the Leninist ideology of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. Again, in t

45、he early 1930s, nationalism and militarism became dominant.Following the end of World War II, substantial changes were undertaken in Japan to liberate the individual from authoritarian restrains. The new democratic value system was accepted by many teachers, students, intellectuals, and old liberals

46、, but it was not immediately embraced by the society as a whole. Japanese traditions were dominated by group values, and notions of personal freedom and individual rights were unfamiliar.Today, democratic processes are clearly evident in the widespread participation of the Japanese people in social

47、and political life. School textbooks emphasize equality over hierarchy and rationalism over tradition; but in practice these values are often misinterpreted and distorted, particularly by the youth who translate the individualistic and humanistic goals of democracy into egoistic and materialistic on

48、es.Most Japanese people have consciously rejected Confucianism, but leftovers of the old order remain. An important feature of relationships in many institutions, including political parties and universities is, the oyabun-kobun or parent-child relation. The corresponding loyalty of the individual t

49、o his patron reinforces his allegiance to the group to which they both belong. A willingness to cooperate with other members of the group and to support without qualification the interests of the group in all its external relations is still a widely respected virtue. The oyabun-kobun creates ladders

50、 of mobility which an individual can ascend, rising as far as abilities permit, so long as he maintains successful personal ties with a superior in the vertical channel, the latter requirement usually taking precedence over a need for exceptional competence. As a consequence, there is little horizon

51、tal relationship between people with the same profession.1.The spokesman of Japans “Enlightenment” thought that（ ）.2.Which of the following statements about Japans culture is true?3.The relationship of oyabun-kobun can be one between（ ）.4.In the last paragraph, the author implies that （ ）.问题1选项A.the

52、 traditional culture should be replaced by western modernizationB.Japanese ought to forsake the Confucian civilization of the EastC.the Confucian civilization in Japan should be dominantD.Japan should introduce western civilization问题2选项A.Substantial changes in democratic process have taken place dur

53、ing World War HB.Nowadays the traditional Confucianism is a necessary part of the society in Japan.C.Today the Confucianism outweighs the democratic value system in universities of Japan.D.The democratic idea was not accepted by the society after World War II.问题3选项A.a shop owner and a customerB.a CE

54、O and an employeeC.a politician and an opponentD.a judge and a lawyer问题4选项A.respect for authority plays a more important role in promotionB.western values have overwhelmed traditional Japanese attitudesC.colleagues are more closely related to each other than beforeD.most Japanese workers are members

55、 of a single party【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段第三句“One of the famous spokesmen . in the spiritual sphere.”日本“启蒙运动”的一位著名发言人宣称：“在我看来，东方的儒家文明缺少西方文明所拥有的两样东西：物质领域的科学和精神领域的独立意识。”也就是说，他认为日本应该引进西方文明，选项D符合原文。2.选项A应该是一战后，所以不正确；选项C明显错误;根据第二段第二句“The new democratic . the society as a whole. ”可知选项D属于完全否

56、定，与原文表述不符;根据第四段第一句“Most Japanese people have consciously rejected Confucianism, but leftovers of the old order remain.”大多数日本人都有意识地拒绝儒家思想, 但旧秩序的残余依然存在。也就是说，传统儒学根深蒂固，是日本社会不可或缺的一部分。选项B正确。3.根据第四段最后两句，oyabun-kobun创造了移动的梯子，一个人可以在能力允许的范围内向上攀登，只要他与垂直通道上的上级保持良好的个人关系，后者的要求通常优先于对非凡能力的需要。由此可以推断，oyabun-kobun指的是“

57、上下级之间的关系”，选项中只有B项符合要求。4.根据第四段最后两句，oyabun-kobun创造了移动的梯子，一个人可以在能力允许的范围内向上攀登，只要他与垂直通道上的上级保持良好的个人关系，后者的要求通常优先于对非凡能力的需要。作者其实是在暗示，尊重权威在晋升中扮演着更重要的角色。第2题:第3题:第4题:9. 单选题When the going gets tough, real women start coloring. Theyre picking up adult coloring books by the droves, at bookstores and craft stores,

58、on Amazon, com and even from the Home Shopping Network.The designs appeal to every interest from whimsical doodle(异想天开的涂鸦) to nature scenes and fantasy worlds.Coloring not only evokes happy memories of childhood; the act can also foster a sense of well-being and offer a relaxing respite from our dig

59、ital world. Crafters have known this intuitively for years.An accumulation of research shows that these creative activities can help you de-stress from everyday pressures. Recent studies suggest that structured rhythmic endeavors such as coloring, knitting, or quilting are particularly beneficial be

60、cause they ease you into a meditative state of mind that allows you to push away negative thoughts and worries.“These activities engage your hands as well as your mind and your focus”, says art therapist Lacy Mucklow, the author of several best-selling coloring books. “Plus, the repetitive actions r

61、elease serotonin(血管收缩素), the brain transmitter responsible for relaxation.”Numerous studies have looked into how crafting benefits mood and physical health. In a 2006 study co-sponsored by the National Endowment for the Arts and several federal health agencies, researchers found that adults 65 or ol

62、der who engaged in creative activities such as making jewelry, painting or writing had better overall health, made fewer visits to the doctor, used less medication and had fewer health problems than non-crafters.Stress reduction is a top reason Cathy Simocko-smith, 59, a professional gardener in Bri

63、dgeport，Conn, enjoys coloring. “Coloring at night while Im watching TV helps quiet my mind,” she says. “I can really lose myself in it, and it stops me from thinking about my work and the stresses in my life.”Coloring is a great way to explore your creativityits easy, inexpensive and you dont have t

64、o know how to draw. The 10 to 20 minutes you spend coloring an image that gives you a sense of satisfaction can have a positive domino effect throughout your day.13. It is said in the passage that women start coloring when _.14. Cathy Simocko-Smith enjoys coloring because _.15. A person who does coloring can get the following benefits EXCEPT