2022年考博英语-安徽大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷78

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1、2022年考博英语-安徽大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题As the pace of life continues to increase in modern society, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is very hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a h

2、ealthy mind and body. Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide one with motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control th

3、at it can lead to poor performance and ill health. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives, we need to find ways to deal with it in order to stay healthy in mind and body.【答案】随着现代社会生活节奏的不断加快，我们正在迅速失去放松的艺术。一旦你习惯了匆匆忙忙的生活，从早到晚忙个不停，就很难慢下来。但是放松对健康的身心是必不可少的。压力是日常生活中无法避免的一部分。实际上，有压力并不是人们习惯认为的坏事。一定的压力会

4、给人的生活提供动力，让人有生活的目标，所以是必不可少的。只有当压力失控时它才可能导致人们表现不佳，身体不好。既然我们在生活中无法摆脱压力，我们就需要找到办法来应对它，才能在身体和心理上保持健康。2. 单选题Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the color, yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives. It is not that pink intrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rain

5、bow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fused girls identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, despaired at the singular lack of imagi

6、nation about girls lives and interests.Girls attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, its not. Children were not color-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing

7、 machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. Whats more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colors were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine color, a past

8、el version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolized femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant childrens marketing strategy, that pink fully came into i

9、ts own, when it began to seem innately attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological devel

10、opment. Take the toddler (学步的儿童). I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into childrens behavior: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularized as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.Tr

11、ade publications counseled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids clothes. It was only after “toddler” became common shoppers term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or

12、 adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences or invent them where they did not previously exist.17. By saying “it is .The rainbow”, the author means pink（ ）.18. The author suggests t

13、hat our perception of childrens psychological devotement was much influenced by（ ）.19. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to（ ）.20. It can be concluded that girls attraction to pink seems to be（ ）.问题1选项A.should not be the sole representation of girlhoodB.should not be

14、associated with girls innocenceC.cannot explain girls lack of imaginationD.cannot influence girls lives and interests问题2选项A.the marketing of products for childrenB.the observation of childrens natureC.researches into childrens behaviorD.studies of childhood consumption问题3选项A.focus on infant wear and

15、 older kids clothesB.attach equal importance to different gendersC.classify consumers into smaller groupsD.create some common shoppers terms问题4选项A.clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB.fully understood by clothing manufacturersC.well interpreted by psychological expertsD.mainly imposed by prof

16、it-driven businessmen【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D【解析】17. 推理判断题。定位在第一段It is not that pink intrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fused girls identity to appearance.（不是粉红本来不好，它只是彩虹的一小份而已。虽然从某个程度上来说有助于烘托女孩，但它也

17、会不断融合女孩们对于外表的认知。）由此可推理，粉色只是在一方面烘托女孩特质，由此可知粉色只是其中的一个方面，还会有其他方面，因此A选项“不应该是少女时期的唯一代表”正确，符合题意。B选项“不应与女孩的纯真联系在一起”，根据原文Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence.（然后，它表示了这种联系，甚至在两岁的孩子之间，不仅能够说明女孩是天真的，而且也能作为天真的证据。）由此可知，作者认为粉色和天

18、真是有关联的。C选项“不能说明女孩缺乏想象力”，D选项“不能影响女孩的生活和兴趣”，均与题意不符。故选A。18. 推理判断题。定位在第三段I had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development.（我原来没有意识到市场营销趋势对我们观念的巨大影响，比如什么是孩子的天性，包括他们的心理发展这种核心信念。）由此可以推论出市场

19、营销可以在很大程度上影响我们对孩子的心理发展的认识。因此A选项“儿童产品的营销”正确，符合题意。B选项“对儿童天性的观察”，C选项“儿童行为研究”，D选项“儿童消费研究”均不符题意，可排除。故选A。19. 推理判断题。定位在第四段Trade publications counseled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids clothes. It was only after

20、“toddler” became common shoppers term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits.（贸易出版物给百货商场提议，要增加销售，应该在婴儿服装和儿童服装之间创造“第三过渡阶段”服装，这个词成为“蹒跚学步者”之后的常见销售术语，后来演变为人们广泛接受的孩子发展阶段。事实证明，将儿童或成人分成更

21、小的类别是提高利润的可靠方法。）由此可知他们的建议就是细化年龄阶段来推广产品以扩大利润。因此C选项“将消费者分成更小的群体”正确，符合题意。A选项“关注婴儿服装和较大儿童服装”，B选项“对不同性别同重视”，D选项“创建一些常用术语”均不符题意，可排除。故选C。20. 推理判断题。A选项“从她们天性中能够清楚地解释出来”，定位到第二段Girls attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of

22、American Studies, its not.（女孩对粉色的喜爱似乎是不可避免的，这是基因决定的，但美国研究的副教授乔保莱蒂认为，事实并非如此。）错误。B选项“服装制造商完全理解”，定位在第三段的最后一句it was popularized as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.（它在20世纪30年代被服装制造商作为营销手段推广）服装制造商只会制造噱头从中谋利。错误，可排除。C选项“被心理专家解读得很好”，与题意无关，可排除。D选项“受利润驱使的商人的影响”正确，符合题意。根据原文I had not r

23、ealized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development.（我原来没有意识到市场营销趋势对我们观念的巨大影响，比如什么是孩子的天性，包括他们的心理发展这种核心信念。）以及Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to bo

24、ost profits.（事实证明，将儿童或成人分成越来越小的类别是提高利润的可靠方法。）And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differencesor invent them where they did not previously exist.（而细分市场最简单的方法之一就是放大性别差异或者在以前不存在性别差异的地方创造出性别差异。）由此可知女生对粉色的喜爱主要是市场营销下的一种体现。故选D。3. 单选题The history of life on earth has been a hi

25、story of（ ）between man and his surroundings.问题1选项A.interactionB.interferenceC.interpretationD.integrity【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项interaction“相互影响；互动”；B选项interference“干扰；干涉”；C选项interpretation“解释；翻译”；D选项integrity“正直”。句意：地球上的生命史是一段人类与环境的史。地球上的生物除了人还有自然，我们与自然是相互影响的，地球的演变与我们和自然的相处息息相关。因此A选项符合题意。4. 单选题Hundreds o

26、f chickens are raised in the（ ）.问题1选项A.exposureB.enclosureC.closureD.pressure【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项exposure“暴露；曝光”；B选项enclosure“附件；围墙”；C选项closure“关闭；终止”；D选项pressure“压力；压迫”。句意：里养了数百只小鸡。句中所说的是圈养小鸡，所以会需要一堵围墙。因此B选项符合题意。5. 翻译题Man, the UnknownIn the organization of industrial life and influence of the factor

27、y upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible. It has expanded without any idea of t

28、he true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory. The great cities have been built with no regard for us. The shape and dimensio

29、ns of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them. This caused the construction of gigantic building where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civ

30、ilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes, coal dust, and toxic gases, t

31、orn by the noise of the taxi-cabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants.【答案】人类神秘的巨人6. 单选题Martin Luther King（ ）himself as a nonviolent civil rights leader who was respected greatly by the American Black.问题1选项A.

32、recognizedB.distinguishedC.differentiatedD.separated【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项recognized“认识；意识到”，为及物动词；B选项distinguished“辨别；使出名”，与as搭配，意为“以而著名”；C选项differentiated“区分；使有差别”；D选项separated“分开；隔开”。句意：马丁路德金作为非暴力民权运动领导人而闻名，并且受到美国黑人的极大尊敬。根据后面的定语从句who was respected greatly by the American Black“受美国黑人的尊敬”可知他是有名的，而且广受黑

33、人关注。因此B选项符合题意。7. 单选题The boy who is talking with your teacher is（ ）an athlete.问题1选项A.anything butB.none butC.all butD.something but【答案】A【解析】考查词组搭配。A选项anything but“根本不；绝不”；B选项none but“只是；仅”；C选项all but“几乎；差不多”；D选项something but没有此类搭配。句意：和你老师正在说话的那个男孩绝不是一个运动员。A选项词组更加贴合句意逻辑，故选A。8. 填空题A. Save more by less

34、using a store loyalty cardB. Know you are being trackedC. You may pay a premium if you are a lazy shopperD. Note the original priceE. Steer clear of 99- cent storesF. Dont fall for prices ending in 9.99 or 95G. Note the missing dollar signsRemember “subliminal advertising”those hidden messages suppo

35、sedly used to sell us everything from cigarettes to soft drinks? It turns out were still being manipulated by marketers. What you should know about their tactics:56. _. These so-called charm prices make us think they reflect good deals. We also tend to round them down, reading a price like $ 5.99 as

36、 $5. a phenomenon known as the left-digit effect. The journalist, William, also notes that markdowns dont often include these magic numbers. Thats because when the discount is easy to calculate, we think its better bargain. Thus “Originally $20, now $15” will tempt you more than “Originally $20, now

37、 $13.99”, even though the latter saves you more.57. _. Not only are they loaded with charm-priced.Items, obviously, but they have a profit margin twice that of Walmart. William reveals One exception: if you live alone or have a small family, reports shopsmartmag.org. These stores often sell pint-siz

38、e packages of food, allowing those who consume less to avoid waste.58. _. From Dairy Queen to Starbucks, many of food retailers have begun selling mini-size treats at prices that hardly make them a good value, notes USA Today They know that many people would rather be seen as virtuouseating few calo

39、ries than a normal portion containsthan thrifty and that theyre willing to spend more if they dont have to actually dole out those portions themselves.59. _. According to a Cornell University study quoted at cbsmoneywatch com., diners spent much less when menus used the word dollars or the dollar si

40、gn than when only numerals were used to indicate price.60. _. If you use a store loyalty card, your buying habits are being recorded and often used to lure you to buy more. According to the New York Times, retailers these days are successfully tricking consumers into spending more by determining the

41、ir spending “sweet spot”, based on previous purchases. So three 12-pcks of Pepsi are marked at $ 12.99 at Stop & shop because the grocer knows youll buy at that price, even if you dont need it.【答案】56. F57. D58. C59. G60. B【解析】56. 定位到第一段It turns out were still being manipulated by marketers. What you

42、 should know about their tactics:（事实证明，我们仍然在被营销人员所操纵。关于他们的战术你应该知道的是：）由此可知下面所述内容均为营销人员的战术。56题根据后一句的These so-called charm prices make us think they reflect good deals.（这些所谓的魅力价格让我们认为它们反映了划算的交易。）由these指示代词可知，56题的句子中应该包含有多个价格，而有prices的选项只有F“不要受以9.99或者95结尾的价格所迷惑”，因此F选项正确，符合题意。57. 第二段单独成行，为的是总结上一段内容，第一段结尾

43、Thus “Originally $20, now $15” will tempt you more than “Originally $20, now $13.99”，even though the latter saves you more.（因此，“最初的20美元，现在的15美元”比“最初的20美元，现在的13.99美元”更吸引你，尽管后者能帮你节省更多。）以及空格后的一句Not only are they loaded with charm-priced.（它们不仅充满魅力）可知除了看促销价格外，更应该注重原价，因此D选项“请注意原价”正确，符合题意。58. 根据该段落的最后一句the

44、yre willing to spend more if they dont have to actually dole out those portions themselves.（如果他们不需要自己动手分成小份，他们愿意花更多的钱。）可以推理出许多食品零售商已经开始出售迷你零食，虽然价格很难让它们物有所值，但是那些懒得动手的消费者仍会花更多的钱购买。因此C选项“如果你是一个懒惰的购物者，你可能要支付额外的费用”正确，很好地总结了该段的内容。故选C。59. 根据空格后的一句According to a Cornell University study quoted at cbsmoneywa

45、tch com., diners spent much less when menus used the word dollars or the dollar sign than when only numerals were used to indicate price.（网站引用了康奈尔大学的一项研究。在美国，当菜单上使用美元或美元符号时，用餐者花费的钱要比只使用数字表示价格时少得多。）由此可知本段的主要信息为美元或者是美元符号的缺失，会显得更加优惠。因此概括项内应该将dollar或者dollar sign体现出来。因此G选项“请注意缺少的美元符号”正确，符合题意。故选G。60. 根据空格

46、后一句If you use a store loyalty card, your buying habits are being recorded and often used to lure you to buy more.（如果你使用商店会员卡，你的购买习惯就会被记录下来，经常被用来引诱你买更多的东西。）以及retailers these days are successfully tricking consumers into spending more by determining their spending “sweet spot”, based on previous purch

47、ases.（现在的零售商通过根据以往的购买情况来确定他们的消费“甜蜜点”，成功地诱使消费者增加支出。）由此可知，在大数据时代，你的每一笔消费会受到分析，从而让你看到心动的物品或者以心动价立即购买。因此本段的主旨是想让消费者知道这些推荐之所以会推送出来的原因。因此B选项“知道你被跟踪了”正确，符合题意。故选B。9. 单选题We will stop now and（ ）working at two oclock.问题1选项A.presumeB.consumeC.assumeD.resume【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项presume“假定；推测”，B选项consume“消耗；消费”；C选项

48、assume“设想；假定”；D选项resume“（中断后）重新开始”。句意：我们现在停下，2点钟开始。意思是现在先暂停，等到2点后再继续。由此可以排除B选项，A，C选项都有假定的意思，但assume通常用于指在毫无依据的情况下做出假设，很可能是错误的判断。presume通常用于强调基于证据或可能性而得出的看法。此处具体指的意思是“重新开始”。因此D选项符合题意。10. 单选题You dont have to take all the courses if you have no interest in them. They are（ ）.问题1选项A.optionalB.opticalC.el

49、ementaryD.critical【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项optional“可选择的”；B选项optical“光学的；视觉的”；C选项elementary“基本的；初级的”；D选项critical“至关重要的”。句意：如果你对这些课程不感兴趣的话，那么你不必全部都上。它们是。不必上所有的课程，因为它们是可以选修的。故选A。11. 翻译题Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation sh

50、ould be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.The really critical implication of the discovery still lies with the door that geneticists have opened on the environmental influences of our behavior, our personalities and our health, and for the critical blow it strikes the idea of biological determinism.41

51、. For the past decade, the public has witnessed a rising epidemic of tales of discoveries of genes that dispose humanity to homosexuality, to alcoholism, to political persuasion, to running ability, and to artistic taste.But even before yesterdays revelations by Venter, scientists had stopped believ

52、ing in the gay gene. Yet belief in its existence still persists among the public. 42. The assault on biological determinism that geneticists have now triggered will be timely, and human nature is a lot more complex and intriguing than determinists have given it credit for.It has become increasingly

53、fashionable for individuals particularly in the United States to blame actions and crimes on the influence of their genes. Several US defendants accused of violent crimes have argued that they were innocent victims of their genes. 43. In other words, genetic predestination could soon have been used

54、to excuse murder or robberyif it had not been for this discovery that we lack the genes to thus dispose us!Kevin Davies is the author of “The Sequence”, a story of the human genome race. He said. 44. “There has been a recent study on perfect pitch, the ability to know the absolute pitch of a musical

55、 note, that strongly suggests that is acquired through the inheritance of a single gene.” “That may sound like a clear-cut piece of biological determinism. However, there is a crucial corollary you have to be exposed to early musical training for the ability to materialize. In other words, even in s

56、eemingly simple inherited abilities, nurture has a role to play.”And then there is the case quoted by Venter. Take the example of colon (结肠)cancer. People say there is a gene that predisposes us to the disease. And certainly it runs in families. 45. However, it is only the colon where we find all so

57、rts of toxins and bacteria that provide the harsh circumstances that finally cause that gene to break down and for cancer to spread.In short, it is not a colon cancer gene but a gene that affects our ability to respond to the environment. And that is what human nature is all about.【答案】41. 近十年来，有关基因发

58、现的传闻漫天飞。这些发现称，基因与人的同性恋倾向、酗酒、政治信仰和奔跑能力、艺术鉴赏力等都息息相关。42. 遗传学家现在对生物决定论的攻击是及时的，而且人类的本性远比决定论者想象的更加复杂和迷人。43. 换句话说，如果发现缺少基因的数量可以用来证明基因不能够控制我们的行为，某些人便会利用基因决定论来洗刷他们谋杀和抢劫的罪名。44. 最近有一项关于音调辨别能力的研究，即判断音符绝对音高的能力。该研究结果明显表明完美音高是通过单纯基因遗传获得的。45. 但只有在结肠部位，才能够找到构成病变环境的各种毒素和细菌，它们会导致该基因最终损坏，致使癌细胞扩散。12. 单选题（ ）I want to mak

59、e it a success, there are quite a number of obstacles in our way.问题1选项A.As much asB.So long asC.As little asD.So far as【答案】A【解析】考查让步状语从句。A选项As much as“尽管”；B选项So long as“只要；既然”；C选项As little as“仅仅；至少”；D选项So far as“只要；至于”。句意：我很想成功，但在我们的道路上有相当多的障碍。我想成功和但是道路上有很多障碍，这两个句子存在一种让步关系。因此A选项符合题意。13. 单选题Fraser bl

60、ogged about his trip, which seems to have been a fact-finding mission involving him, turning up（ ）at various primary and high school classes to see what the students are being taught.问题1选项A.announcedB.to announceC.unannouncedD.to unannouncing【答案】C【解析】考查动名词辨析。A选项announced动词过去分词，“宣布”；B选项to announce动词不

61、定式，“宣布”；C选项unannounced动词的过去分词，“未宣布”；D选项to unannouncing不构成分词形式，这里的to属于介词。句意：弗雷泽用博客记录他的旅程，好像是在实行一个实况调查任务，突然出现在各种小学和中学课堂上了解学生们正在被教授什么内容。根据关键信息a fact-finding mission“实时考察任务”，可以推理出他的出现是没有事先通知的。因此C选项符合题意。14. 单选题What would you（ ）if you had been there at the time of the accident?问题1选项A.doB.be doingC.have do

62、neD.to do【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。if引导的从句使用的是过去完成时had done，提出过去的未发生的条件。主句部分：主语would/should/might/could have动词过去分词。句意：如果你当时在事故现场，你会怎么做？因此C选项符合题意。15. 单选题For passengers, ships have the advantage of（ ）cheaper than trains or airplanes.问题1选项A.having beenB.to have beenC.beingD.to be【答案】C【解析】考查介词搭配。介词后大多接名词，接动词时需要用动

63、词的现在分词形式。不可接不定式。故排除BD选项。A选项having been“用来表示完成时态”，和本句的时态不符，故排除A。句意：对于乘客来说，轮船的优势是比火车和飞机便宜。这是一个事实陈述，故使用一般现在时，C选项being动名词可做介词of的宾语。故选C。16. 单选题Although they had suffered heavy losses, they refused to（ ）defeat.问题1选项A.concedeB.conserveC.assertD.conceal【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项concede“承认；退让”；B选项conserve“保存；保护”；C选项assert“维护；宣称”；D选项conceal“隐藏；隐瞒”。句意：尽管他们已经遭受了巨大损失，他们却拒绝失败。虽然损失惨大，但是他们却还是不愿意认输。因此A选项符合题意。17. 单选题They hurried to the theatre（ ）that the play had already begun.问题1选项A.findingB.just in time