2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷26

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1、2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Many people think that the standards of public（ ）have declined.问题1选项A.moralityB.rightnessC.awarenessD.mentality【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A项morality“道德，品行”，B项rightness“公正，正直”，C项awareness“意识，认识”，D项mentality“心态”。句意：许多人认为公共道德标准下降了。根据句意，该题选A正确。2. 单选题The sales manager was

2、so adamant about her idea that it was out of the question for anyone to talk her out of it.问题1选项A.adaptableB.anxiousC.firmD.talkative【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。adamant在句中是“坚决的，坚定不移的”，A选项adaptable “能适应的”；B选项anxious“焦虑的”；C选项firm“坚固的；坚决的”；D选项talkative“健谈的”。句意：销售经理对自己的想法如此坚决，以至于任何人都无法说服她放弃。因此选C。3. 问答题Directions:

3、After you have read the following passage, write out a summary in English whit about 70 to 90 words. Put your summary on the ANSWER SHEET.What is Society?Society is a group of human beings, held together by agreement for reasons that are mutually beneficial to the individual members. Societies opera

4、te as a whole, as a collective body, chiefly in ways that look out for the highest common good of all. Members have specific roles and responsibilities within the society. One of the best direct analogies is with the human body itself. The cells are all alive, independently, yet they group together

5、and establish roles, responsibilities, and relationships that allow a greater whole to exist that is more than just the sum of the parts. The cells gain from the specific roles they play because they are allowed to be what they are more effectively. Further, they are given a limited awareness of the

6、 whole that their efforts aid in creating.Similarly, when individual human beings group together to form societies, an organization is created in which the members are the cells. Subgroups of the members may form organs through which higher level functions can then manifest. If the relationships are

7、 loose, the body created has limited functionality over that of any individual member because there is little synergy. When the relationships are close and founded on a basis of love, the body thus created has significant functionality over that of the individuals. When the group is small, few organ

8、s can be created so there is limited complexity or functionality. When the group is large, many organs can be created, resulting in highly increased complexity and functionality. Countries, regions, states cities, and neighborhoods could all be considered to be societies as could teams, groups, and

9、any other organizations of people. For our purposes here, the most important society is The United States of America since it is the one established to set up the New Order for the Ages, novus ordo seclorum.Society is more than the government, however. It also includes all the economic and social in

10、frastructure necessary to provide people with what they need.【答案】参考范文：Society is a group of human beings, held together by agreement for reasons that are mutually beneficial to the individual members. Societies operate as a whole, chiefly in ways that look out for the highest common good of all. Mem

11、bers have specific roles and responsibilities within the society. Society is more than the government, however. It also includes the entire economic and social infrastructure necessary to provide people with what they need.4. 单选题The problem is that the loss of confidence among the soldiers can be hi

12、ghly contagious.问题1选项A.spreadingB.contemptibleC.contentedD.depressing【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。contagious在句中是“传染性的，会感染的”；A选项spreading“扩散的”；B选项contemptible“可鄙的”；C选项contented“满足的，心安的”；D选项depressing“沉闷的，阴沉的”。句意：问题是士兵们失去信心可能会传染。因此只有A项符合。5. 翻译题There is nothing wrong, of course, with a countrys questioning its dir

13、ection and wanting to preserve many of its traditional values. Moreover, Japan isnt likely to revert to the collusive(诡秘的) and anticompetitive policies of the past. The reform process has gone too far, and corporate behavior has changed too dramatically. But given the magnitude (巨大) of the fiscal an

14、d financial challenges ahead, even a slight slowing of the governments deregulatory efforts and private-sector restructuring could create an eventual disaster. Nows not the time for Japan to rest on its laurels.【答案】【参考译文】当然，一个国家质疑自己的方向，并希望保留许多传统价值观，这并没有错。此外，日本不太可能恢复到共谋的(诡秘的)和反竞争政策的过去。改革进程走得太远，企业行为发生

15、了太大变化。但是考虑到大小(巨大)的财政和金融挑战，甚至略有放缓政府放松管制的努力和私营部门的重组可以创建最终的灾难。现在不是日本安于现状的时候。6. 单选题The chimney vomited a cloud of smoke.问题1选项A.ignitedB.immersedC.emittedD.hugged【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。vomit在句中是“吐出，喷出”；A选项ignited“点燃”；B选项immersed“浸入”；C选项emitted“释放，放出”；D选项hugged“拥抱”。句意：烟囱吐出一团烟。所以选C。7. 单选题His office is（ ）to the Pr

16、esidents; it usually takes him about three minutes to get there.问题1选项A.relatedB.adhesiveC.adherentD.adjacent【答案】D【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项related to“相关，有联系”；B选项adhesive to“粘合，黏附”；C选项adherent to“坚持于”；D选项adjacent to“邻近，毗邻”，句意：他的办公室离总统的很近，花大约三分钟就可以到，所以选D。8. 单选题Theory and science are nurtured in material environme

17、nts, and application is a powerful（ ）to thought. In this respect he was a great planter of ideas.问题1选项A.encouragementB.spurC.driveD.driving force【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项encouragement“鼓舞”；B选项spur“鞭策，刺激”；C选项drive“驱动”，常用表达：a drive to sth，D选项driving force“驱动力，推动力”，常用表达：driving force for sth，跟后面的“to”不搭，可排除D

18、选项。句意：理论科学是在物质环境中产生的，而应用则是思想的强力。在这方面，他是一个伟大的思想传播者。因此C选项正确。9. 单选题I should be able to finish the task on time,（ ）you provide me with the necessary guidance.问题1选项A.in caseB.provided thatC.or elseD.as if【答案】B【解析】考查条件句。前半部分说“我应该能按时完成任务”，后半部分是条件“只要你提供给我必要的指导”。A选项in case“万一”；B选项provided that“只要”；C选项or else

19、“否则，要不然”；D选项as if“好像”，结合句意，只有B项符合。10. 单选题The course of scholastic preparation was arduous requiring the systematic passing of successive examinations. Success in the examinations resulted in the（ ）of academic degrees, which were treasured as the surest source of wealth and power in China.问题1选项A.best

20、owalB.givingC.conferringD.offering【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项bestowal“赠与”；B选项giving“给予”；C选项conferring“文凭、学位的授予”；D选项offering“提供”。根据题干，提到学位被视为财富和成功的可靠来源，符合题干内容的只有C选项，学位作为一种文凭。句意：学业准备的过程是艰苦的，要求有系统地通过连续的考试。考试成功导致学术学位的，在中国这是宝贵的财富和权力的源泉。因此C选项正确。11. 单选题The scene is so beautiful that it（ ）my power of description.

21、问题1选项A.transportsB.transfersC.transcendsD.transforms【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A项transport“运送”，B项transfer“转移”，C项transcend“胜过，超越”，D项transform“改变，转换”。句意：这景色是如此美丽，我无法用语言来形容。根据句意，该题选C正确。12. 不定项选择题A Washington-based think tank has been soliciting critiques of the just-released international assessment of the eviden

22、ce on climate change, a move that prompted some academics and environmentalists to accuse the group of seeking to distort the latest evidence for global warming.Advocacy groups such as Greenpeace and the Public Interest Research Group questioned why the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) has offere

23、d $10,000 to academics willing to contribute to a book on climatechange policy, an overture that was first reported Friday in Londons Guardian newspaper.Greenpeace spokeswoman Jane Kochersperger, who noted that AEI has received funding from Exxon Mobil in recent years, said yesterday that the think

24、tank “has clearly hit a new low when its throwing out cash awards under the rubric of reason to create confusion on the status of climate science. Americans are still suffering the impacts of Hurricane Katrina, and its clearly time for policymakers on both sides of the aisle to take substantive acti

25、on on global warming and ignore Exxon Mobils disinformation campaign via climate skeptics.”AEI visiting scholar Kenneth Greenone of two researchers who has sought to commission the critiquessaid in an interview that his group is examining the policy debate on global warming, not the science.“Its com

26、pletely policy-oriented,” said Green, adding that a third of the academics AEI solicited for the project are interested in participating. “Somebody wants to distort this.”In July 2006, Green and AEI resident scholar Steven F. Hayward both of whom have questioned the need for caps on emissions of car

27、bon dioxide and other gasses linked to global warming started soliciting essays from academics on the then-upcoming report on global warming by the U.N. sponsored Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The surveys authors, who hail from more than 100 countries, said in their report Friday

28、 that they are at least 90 percent certain that human activity accounted for climate change over the past 50 years.“The purpose of the project is to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the IPCC process, especially as it bears on policy responses to climate change,” the two men wrote. “As with

29、any large-scale consensus process, the IPCC is susceptible to self-selection bias in its personnel, resistant to reasonable criticism and dissent, and likely to have summary conclusions that are poorly supported by the analytical work of the complete Working Group reports.”At least two academics Tex

30、as A&M University atmospheric sciences professor Gerald North and Texas A&M climate researcher Steven Schroeder turned down AEIs offer because they feared their work would be politicized.Schroeder, who has worked with Green in the past and has questioned some aspects of traditional climate modeling,

31、 said in an interview that he did not think AEI would have skewed his results. But he added that he worried his contribution might have been published alongside “off-the-wall ideas” questioning the existence of global warming.“We worried our work could be misused even if we produced a reasonable rep

32、ort,” Schroeder said. “While any human endeavor can be criticized, the IPCC system greatly exceeds the cooperation, openness and scientific rigorousness of the process applied to any other problem area that has significant effects on society.”41. The word “commission” in the fourth paragraph can be

33、best replaced by（ ）.42. Some academics and environmentalists accuse（ ）of seeking to distort the latest evidence of global warming.43. Advocacy groups include（ ）.44. Jane Kochersperger is（ ）.45. Kenneth Green believes（ ）.46. The best title for this article is（ ）.问题1选项A.calling the group together to d

34、o the jobB.separating the group from doing the jobC.committeeD.setting up a committee to tackle this issue问题2选项A.a Washington based think tankB.a solicitorC.an assessmentD.an assessment group问题3选项A.American Enterprise institute and the Public Institute Research GroupB.Greenpeace and American Enterpr

35、ise InstituteC.Greenpeace Public Interest Research Group and American Enterprise InstituteD.Public Interest Research Group and Greenpeace问题4选项A.an employer of Exxon MobilB.a U.S. congresspersonC.a victim of Hurricane KatrinaD.a spokesperson for Greenpeace问题5选项A.there is a need to cap emissions of ca

36、rbon dioxide and other gasses linked to global warmingB.there is no need to cap emission of carbon dioxide and other gasses linked to global warmingC.global warming is a big problem in more than 100 countriesD.global warming is not a big problem in more than 100 countries问题6选项A.Our Environmental Con

37、cernsB.The Threat of Global WarmingC.The Debate over Global WarmingD.The Build Up of Carbon Dioxide We Face Today【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B第6题:C【解析】41.【试题答案】A【试题解析】词义辨析题。commission出现在文章第四段AEI visiting scholar Kenneth Green one of two researchers who has sought to commission the critiques（美国企业研究所访

38、问学者肯尼斯格林两名寻求委托发表评论的研究人员之一），根据第四“commission”一词的后面一句said in an interview that his group is examining the policy debate on global warming.（他的团体正在研究全球变暖的政治辩论）。A选项“召集大家来做这件事”，符合文章内容。B选项“把团队和工作分开”，不符合题意，可排除。C选项“委员会”，commission这里作为动词，C选项词性不符合，可排除。D选项“评估小组”，不符合题意，可排除。因此A选项正确。42.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章

39、第一段第一句、第二句A Washington-based think tank has been soliciting critiques（一家总部设在华盛顿的智库一直在征求批评意见），可知accuse the group of seeking to distort the latest evidence for global warming.（指责该组织试图歪曲全球变暖的最新证据）中的“the group”指的是前面的“华盛顿智库”。A选项“华盛顿智库”，符合文章内容。B选项“说客”，不符合题意，可排除。C选项“评估”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“评估小组”，不符合题意，可排除。因此A选项正

40、确。43.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第二段Advocacy groups such as Greenpeace and the Public Interest Research Group（倡导组织如绿色和平组织和公共利益研究组织），说明倡导组织就是绿色和平组织和公共利益研究组织。D选项“公共利益研究小组和绿色和平组织”，符合文章内容。A选项“美国企业研究所和公共研究所研究小组”，在文中没有提及，可排除。B选项“绿色和平组织和美国企业研究所”、C选项“绿色和平公共利益研究小组和美国企业研究所”在文中没有提及美国，C可排除。因此D选项正确。44.【试题答案】D【

41、试题解析】细节事实题。根据第三段第一句Greenpeace spokeswoman Jane Kochersperger（绿色和平组织发言人Jane Kochersperger）。选项D“绿色和平组织发言人”，符合文章内容。A选项“埃克森美孚公司的雇主”，不符合文章内容，可排除。选项B“美国国会议员”，不符合文章内容，可排除。选项C“卡特里娜飓风的受害者”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此D选项正确。45.【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到文章第六段第二句both of whom have questioned the need for caps on emissions of

42、 carbon dioxide and other gasses linked to global warming（两人都对限制二氧化碳和其他与全球变暖有关的气体排放的必要性质疑），二者皆怀疑限制二氧化碳和其它与全球变暖有关的气体的释放的需要，根据此意可知Kenneth Green认为没有必要限制这些气体的释放。选项B“没有必要限制二氧化碳和其他与全球变暖有关的气体的排放”，符合文章内容。选项A“有必要限制二氧化碳和其他与全球变暖有关的气体的排放”，A选项正好与文章内容相反。选项C“全球变暖是100多个国家的一个大问题”是文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“全球变暖在100多个国家都不是大问题

43、”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此B选项正确。46.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。从文章的第一段我们便可知道文章的主题，第一段讲到华盛顿的一群智囊团质疑新近发布的有关全球变暖的证据报告，这导致了一些学术家和环境主义者对此的反驳和与智囊团的争辩。所以文章就是围绕有关全球变暖的争论开始的。C选项“关于全球变暖的争论”，符合文章内容。因此C选项正确。13. 单选题The appearance of the used car is（ ）, its much newer than it really is.问题1选项A.descriptiveB.indicativeC.deceptiveD.i

44、mpressive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项descriptive“描述的，叙述的”；B选项indicative“指示的，预示的”；C选项deceptive“欺骗性的”；D选项impressive“令人印象深刻的”，句意：这辆旧车的外观具有迷惑性，轿车比实际的样子新得多，所以选C。14. 单选题Other non-dominant males were hyperactive; they were much more active than is normal, chasing others and fighting each other.问题1选项A.hardly active

45、B.relatively activeC.extremely inactiveD.pathologically active【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。hyperactive在句中是“过分活跃”，A选项hardly active “几乎不活跃”；B选项relatively active“相对活跃”extremely inactive“极度不活跃”；D选项pathologically active“病态性活跃”。只有D项最符合。句意：其他不占优势的男性则是过度活跃；他们比正常人活跃得多，追逐他人，互相争斗。根据各选项词义，选D。15. 不定项选择题(1) The sources of an

46、ti-Christian feeling were many and complex. On the more intangible side, there was a general pique against the unwanted intrusion of the Western countries; there was an understandable tendency to seek an external scapegoat for internal disorders only tangentially attributable to the West and perhaps

47、 most important, there was a virile tradition of ethnocentricism, vented long before against Indian Buddhism, which since the seventeenth century, focused on Western Christianity. Accordingly, even before the missionary movement really got under way in the mid-nineteenth century, it was already at a

48、 disadvantage. After 1860, as missionary activity in the hinterland expanded, it quickly became apparent that in addition to the intangibles, numerous tangible grounds for Chinese hostility abounded.(2) In part, the very presence of the missionary evoked attack, they were, after all, the first forei

49、gners to leave the treaty ports and venture into the interior, and for a long time they were virtually the only foreigners whose quotidian labors carried them to the farthest reaches the Chinese empire. For many of the indigenous population, therefore, the missionary stood as a uniquely visible symb

50、ol against which opposition to foreign intrusion could be vented. In part, too, the missionary was attacked because the manner in which he made his presence felt after 1860 seemed almost calculated to offend. By indignantly waging battle against the notion that China was the sole fountainhead of civ

51、ilization and, more particularly, by his assault on many facets of Chinese culture, the missionary directly undermined the cultural hegemony of the gentry class. Also, in countless ways, he posed a threat to the gentrys traditional monopoly of social leadership. Missionaries, particularly Catholics,

52、 frequently, assumed the garb of the Confucian literati. They were the only persons at the local level, aside from the gentry who were permitted to communicate with the authorities as social equals, and they enjoyed an extraterritorial status in the interior that gave them greater immunity to Chines

53、e law than had ever been possessed by the gentry.(3) Although it was the avowed policy of the Chinese government after 1860 that the new treaties were to be strictly adhered to, in practice implementation depended on the wholehearted accord provincial authorities. There is abundant evidence that coo

54、peration was dilatory. At the root of this lay the interactive nature of ruler and ruled.(4) In a severely understaffed bureaucracy that ruled as much by suasion as by might, the official, almost always a stranger in the locality of his service, depended on the active cooperation of the local gentry

55、 class. Energetic attempts to implement treaty provisions concerning missionary activities, in direct defiance of gentry sentiment, ran the risk of alienating this class and destroying future effectiveness.36. In a vague way, anti-Christian feeling stemmed from（ ）.37. The author would agree that（ ）.

56、38. With which of the following statements would the author agree?39. Missionaries（ ）.40. Provincial authorities（ ）.问题1选项A.the mere presence of invadersB.a generalized unfocused feelingC.the introduction to the WestD.none of the above问题2选项A.many problems in China came from internal disorders due to

57、W eastern influence.B.many problems in China came from China itself and were unrelated to the West.C.scapegoats perform a necessary function and there should be more of them.D.all of the above are true.问题3选项A.Ethnocentricism is a manly tradition.B.The disdain toward Christianity was prefigured by a

58、disdain toward Buddhism.C.Although Christianity was not well received in China, Buddhism was.D.The author would agree with A and C.问题4选项A.often dressed the same way as Chinese scholars didB.were free of the legal constraints that bound the local indigenous populationC.had greater access to authority

59、 than Chinese peasantsD.may be described by all of the above问题5选项A.cooperated fully with the central governments policyB.were alive to local feelingsC.were obliged to determine whether local sentiment tolerated implementationD.may be described by B and C.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】36.【试题答案】B【试

60、题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“以一种模糊的方式来看，反基督教情绪来源于”。根据文章第一段The sources of anti-Christian feeling were many and complex. On the more intangible side, there was a general pique against the unwanted intrusion of the Western countries; there was an understandable tendency to seek an external scapegoat for internal di

61、sorders only tangentially attributable to the West and perhaps most important, there was a virile tradition of ethnocentricism, vented long before against Indian Buddhism, which since the seventeenth century, focused on Western Christianity.（反基督教情绪的来源很多，而且很复杂。在更难以捉摸的方面，人们普遍对西方国家不必要的入侵感到不满；人们有一种可以理解的

62、倾向，即为与西方影响无关的内部混乱寻找外部替罪羊。或许最重要的是，印度存在着一种强大的民族中心主义传统，早在反对印度佛教之前就有了，印度佛教从17世纪开始就关注西方基督教。）可知，在这里连续提到了三个反基督教的可能因素，可知这种反基督教的因素并不是单一的，也不是固定的，所以B项“一种普遍的、不集中的感觉”更符合题意。A项“入侵者的出现”和C项“西方的引进”只是其中一个因素；D项“以上都不是”错误。故该题选B。37.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者可能会同意”。根据第一段第二句there was an understandable tendency to seek an e

63、xternal scapegoat for internal disorders only tangentially attributable to the West（人们有一种可以理解的倾向，即为与西方影响无关的内部混乱寻找外部替罪羊）可知，中国内部的很多问题并不是西方因素引起的，因此B项“中国的许多问题都是中国自己造成的”符合题意。A项“中国的许多问题都是由于受西方的影响而产生的内乱，与西方无关”，内容与原文不符；C项“替罪羊发挥了必要的作用，应该有更多的替罪羊”文中没有提到替罪羊发挥了作用，该项错误；D项“以上都是正确的”错误。故该题选B。38.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者可能会同意下列哪一个观点？”。根据第一段第二句there was a virile tradition of ethnocentricism, vented long before against Indian Buddhism （印度有一种强大的民族中心主义的男性传统，早在反对印度佛教之前就有了），这句话中的virile(男性的)等同于m