2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷56

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1、2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The standard of living of any country means the average persons share of the goods and services which the country produces.（1） , Wealth in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: goods such as food and clothin

2、g, and services such as transport and entertainment.A countrys capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect on one another. （2） . Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions p

3、ossess none of them. （3） Some countries are perhaps well off in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and for this and other reasons have been unable to develop their resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a

4、country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a countrys people. （4） . A countrys standard of living does not only depend u

5、pon the wealth that is produced and consumed within its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. （5） .Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would otherwise be lacking. A countrys we

6、alth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, provided that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures. 问题1选项A.industrialized countries that have trained numerous skilled workers and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers

7、are largely unskilledB.next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to useC.A countrys standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealthD.For example, Britains wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if it had to d

8、epend only on those grown at home.E.Wealth should be properly used only to enhance the standard of living of people in all countriesF.Wealth depends to a great extent upon a countrys natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on.问题2选项A.industrialized countries tha

9、t have trained numerous skilled workers and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilledB.next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to useC.A countrys standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to pro

10、duce wealthD.For example, Britains wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if it had to depend only on those grown at home.E.Wealth should be properly used only to enhance the standard of living of people in all countriesF.Wealth depends to a great extent upon a count

11、rys natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on.问题3选项A.industrialized countries that have trained numerous skilled workers and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilledB.next to natural resources comes the

12、 ability to turn them to useC.A countrys standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealthD.For example, Britains wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if it had to depend only on those grown at home.E.Wealth should be prope

13、rly used only to enhance the standard of living of people in all countriesF.Wealth depends to a great extent upon a countrys natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on.问题4选项A.industrialized countries that have trained numerous skilled workers and technicians ar

14、e better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilledB.next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to useC.A countrys standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealthD.For example, Britains wealth in foodstuffs an

15、d other agricultural products would be much less if it had to depend only on those grown at home.E.Wealth should be properly used only to enhance the standard of living of people in all countriesF.Wealth depends to a great extent upon a countrys natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other miner

16、als, water supply and so on.问题5选项A.industrialized countries that have trained numerous skilled workers and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilledB.next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to useC.A countrys standard of livin

17、g, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealthD.For example, Britains wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if it had to depend only on those grown at home.E.Wealth should be properly used only to enhance the standard of living of people

18、in all countriesF.Wealth depends to a great extent upon a countrys natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on.【答案】第1题:C第2题:F第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一句提到“任何国家的生活水平是指国家生产的商品和服务的平均份额”，空格后关键词“wealth财富”可推断中间内容应与 “生活标准和财富”有关，C项“因为，一个国家的生活水平首先取决于其创造财富的能力”符合题意，故选C。2.文章

19、第二段第一句提到“一个国家创造财富的能力取决于许多因素，其中大多数因素相互影响”，空格后提到“世界上有些地区的煤炭和矿物供应充足，土壤肥沃，气候宜人，其他地区则没有。”推断中间内容应该是阐述“财富与煤、矿产等资源的关系”，F 项“财富在很大程度上取决于一个国家的自然资源，如煤炭、黄金和其他矿产、供水等”符合题意，故选F。3.空格后提到“有些国家自然资源虽然很丰富，但由于多年来战争和一些其他原因一直无法开发其资源”可推断此处应阐述“自然资源与开发自然资源的能力”，B项“排在自然资源后的是将自然资源转化使用的能力”符合题意，故选B。4.空格前文提到“另外一个重要因素是一个国家人民技术效率”可推断此

20、处应阐述与“技术相关的内容”， A项“已经培训了许多熟练工人和技术人员的工业化国家比其他工人不熟练的国家更有能力创造财富”符合题意，故选A。5.空格前文提到“一个国家的生活水平不仅取决于在本国境内生产和消费的财富，而且还取决于通过国际贸易间接生产的财富”，空格后提到“贸易使她剩余的制成品能够在国外进行贸易，以换取自身所缺乏的农产品。”可推断空格处“应该列举一个例子”由此导出下文的结论，D项“例如，如果它只能依靠国内生产，英国在食品和其他农产品方面的财富要少得多”符合题意，故选D。2. 单选题I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling

21、 off a box car in a freight yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head. Now I am thirty two. I can vaguely remember the brightness of sunshine and what color red is. It would be wonderful to see again, but a calamity can do strange things to people. It occurred to me the other day that I might not

22、 have come to love life as I do if hadnt been blind. I believe in life now. I am not so sure that I would have believed in it so deeply, otherwise, I dont mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that the loss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left.Life, I believe,

23、asks a continuous series of adjustments to reality. The more readily a person is able to make these adjustments, the more meaningful his own private world becomes. The adjustment is never easy. I was bewildered and afraid. But I was lucky. My parents and my teachers saw something in me-a potential t

24、o live, you might call it which I didnt see, and they made me want to fight it out with blindness.The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself. That was basic. If 1 hadnt been able to do that, I would have collapsed and become a chair rocker on the front porch for the rest of my life.

25、When I say belief in myself I am not talking about simply the kind of self-confidence that helps me down an unfamiliar staircase alone. That is part of it. But I mean something bigger than that: an assurance that I am, despite imperfections, a real, positive person; that somewhere in the sweeping, i

26、ntricate pattern of people there is a special place where I can make myself fit.It took me years to discover and strengthen this assurance. It had to start with the most elementary things. Once a man gave me an indoor baseball, I thought he was mocking me and I was hurt. I cant use this. I said. Tak

27、e it with you, he urged me, and roll it around. The words stuck in my head. Roll it around?. By rolling the ball I could hear where it went. This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought impossible: playing baseball. At Philadelphias Overbrook School for the Blind I invented a successful

28、variation of baseball. We called it ground ball.All my life I have set ahead of me a series of goals and then tried to reach them, one at a time. I had to learn my limitations. It was no good to try for something I knew at the start was wildly out of reach because that only invited the bitterness of

29、 failure. I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made progress.1.The author of the story lost his eyesight by accident when he was four years old. T/F2.The author thinks that he is very lucky to have become blind because he can do something more meaningful now. T/F3.The author began to a

30、djust himself to the reality of being blind with the help of his parents and teachers. T/F4.The author was never afraid of making any adjustments and his private world thus became more meaningful. T/F5.The author would have become a useless person if he had not learned to believe in himself. T/F6.As

31、 a blind man, the author was very nervous every time he went down an unfamiliar staircase alone. T/F7.Once the author was given an indoor baseball, and he felt deeply hurt and became suspicious of people around. T/F8.Learning to play ground ball is just one of the most elementary things that helped

32、strengthen his assurance. T/F9.Whatever goal he set ahead of himself, he was always successful. T/F10.The story tells us that a person can always do something meaningful despite some imperfections in himself or herself. T/F问题1选项A.TB.F问题2选项A.TB.F问题3选项A.TB.F问题4选项A.TB.F问题5选项A.TB.F问题6选项A.TB.F问题7选项A.TB.F

33、问题8选项A.TB.F问题9选项A.TB.F问题10选项A.TB.F【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A第6题:A第7题:B第8题:A第9题:B第10题:A【解析】1.文中第一段“I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a freight yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head. 当我四岁的时候，我在大西洋城的一个货场里的一辆箱式汽车上掉下来，头撞在地上，失去了视力。”可知该陈述正确。2.由第一段中 “I dont mean

34、 that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that the loss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left. 我不是说我宁愿失明，我的意思是，失去它们使我更感激我所留下的。”可推知“作者不以自己失明而庆幸”，故该陈述“作者认为自己失明是非常幸运的，因为现在他可以做一些更有意义的事情”不正确。3.由第二段中第一句“Life, I believe, asks a continuous series of adjustments to reality.我相信，生

35、活要求对现实进行一系列持续的调整”及最后一句中“ .they made me want to fight it out with blindness.他们（即我的父母和老师）让我想与失明作斗争”可推断该陈述“在他的父母和老师的帮助下，作者开始调整自己接受失明的现实”正确。4.由第二段中“I was bewildered and afraid.我感到困惑和害怕” ，知该陈述“The author was never afraid of making any adjustments.作者从未害怕做任何调整” 与原文不符；故该陈述不正确。5.由第三段中 “If I hadnt been able t

36、o do that, I would have collapsed and become a chair rocker on the front porch for the rest of my life. 如果我未曾那样做，我会崩溃，我会在前门廊的摇椅上度过我的余生”知该陈述中“如果他曾经没有学会相信自己，那么作者将成为一个无用的人”正确。6.由第三段中 “The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself. 我要学的最难的一课就是相信自己。”及“When I say belief in myself I am not tal

37、king about simply the kind of self confidence that helps me down an unfamiliar staircase alone. 当我说相信自己的时候，我并不是简单地说那种自信，它能帮助我独自走下陌生的楼梯。”可推断“在学会相信自己之前，作者对单独走下一个不熟悉的楼梯是不自信的”，故该陈述“作为 一个盲人，在平时独自走下一个不熟悉的楼梯时，作者曾经每次都非常紧张”正确。7.由第四段中“I thought he was mocking me and I was hurt.我认为他正在嘲笑我， 我也因此受到伤害”及“This gave

38、me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought impossible: playing baseball. 这给了我一个想法，如何实现一个我认为不可能的目标：打棒球。”知该陈 述不正确。8.由倒数第二段中 “It took me years to discover and strengthen this assurance. It had to start with the most elementary things. 我花了几年时间才发现并加强了这种确信。 它必须从最基本的东西开始”及作者随后举例称“自己学会打自己发明的地滚球(即棒球)”可推知

39、“学会打地滚球是帮助作者巩固确信的一个最基本的事情之一”，故该陈述是正确的。9.由最后一段中 “I had to learn my limitations. It was no good to try for something I knew at the start was wildly out of reach because that only invited the bitterness of failure.我必须认识到自己的局限。去尝试那些一开始就知道根本无法实现的目标是没有好处的， 因为那样只会带来失败的痛苦”可推断“无论他的目标是什么，他总是成功的。”该陈述不正确。10.由最后

40、一段中 “I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made progress.不管怎样，虽然我有时会失败，但总的来说我取得了进步。”及 “作者学会了打先前认为自己做不到的地滚球可推知这个“故事告诉我们：即使自身不完美，但是一个人总能做一些有 意义的事情”该陈述正确。3. 填空题Acting is such an overcrowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a young person thinking of going on the stag

41、e is Dont! But it is useless to try to discourage someone （1） feels that he must act, although the chances of his becoming famous are （2） . The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school. Usually only students who show promise and （3） are accepted, and the course lasts two years. Then the young

42、（4） or actress takes up work with a play company, usually as assistant stage manager. This means （5） everything that there is to do in the theatre: painting scenery, looking after the furniture, taking care of the clothes, and even acting in very small parts. It is very （6） work indeed, the hours ar

43、e long and the salary is tiny. But young actors with the stage in their blood are （7） ,waiting for the chance of working with a better company, or perhaps in films or television.Of course, some people have unusual chances, which lead to （8） and success （9） this long and dull training. Connie Pratt,

44、for example, was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory. A film producer happened to （10） sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as he （11） past in his big car. He told the bus driver to stop, and he got out to speak to the girl. He asked her （12） she would like to go to the fil

45、m company to do a test, and at first she thought he was joking. Then she got angry and said she would call the police. It took the producer （13） minutes to tell Connie that he was serious. Then an appointment was made for her to go to the company the next day. The test was successful. They gave her

46、some necessary lessons and within a few weeks she was playing the leading（14） in a film, which made her well-known overnight （15） the country. Of course, she was given a dramatic name, which is now world famous. But chances like this happen once in a blue moon!【答案】1.who2.small3.talent4.actor5.doing6

47、.hard7.happy8.fame9.without10.catch11.drove12.if13.twenty14.part15.throughout【解析】1.后文“feels that he must act” 为someone 的后置定语， 此处缺关系代词，故选“who”。2. 整句话的含义为：试图阻止那些自认为他必须演戏的人是没用的，尽管成名的机会“Although” 表转折关系，由此可推断“成名机会很小”符合逻辑，故选 “small” 。3.“and”表并列，故此处应选择与 “promise希望” 同类名词，选项中“talent天赋”符合要求。4.“or或者”表并列，故此处应选择

48、与“actress女演员”的同类名词，故选“actor男演员”。5.“mean doing sth.意味着做某事”，故此处选“doing”。6.前文提到作为舞台监督助理需要承担的一系列工作，以及后文提到工作时间长，薪水少，可知“这份工作很辛苦”， 故选“hard辛苦的”。7.“But但是”表转折，此处填入的词应与前文“辛苦的工作”形成反差，“happy”符合逻辑，整句话的含义为：但是这些将演戏融入自己血液的年轻人是快乐的，他们在等待机会去一个更好的公司或者出演电影电视。故选“happy”。8.“and”表并列，此处应选择与“success成功”同类名词，故选“fame名气”。9.前文提到“有些

49、人因获得不寻常的机会而成名”和后文普通女孩Connie Pratt的例子可知她“没有经过漫长且枯燥的训练”，故选“without没有”。10.“catch sight of sb.看见某人”为固定短语，故选“catch”。11.后文提到“in his big car在他的大车中”，可推测此处应选择与“车子”相关的词，“drive past”即“驾车驶过” ，符合原文，本句描述过去发生的事件，故选drive的过去式“drove”。12.根据语境及整句话含义“他问她（Connie Pratt）想去电影公司做测试，开始Connie Pratt觉得他在开玩笑”推断此处选“if是否”。13.由下文 “m

50、inutes分钟”可知这里需要选择一个描述时间的量词，故选数词“twenty”。14.“play the leading part担任主角”为固定短语， “part”此处为“角色”的意思。15.“throughout the country全国”为固定短语，故选“throughout遍及”。4. 单选题When gas station manager Roger Randolph realized it was costing him money each time someone filled up with $4-a-gallon gas, he hung a sign on his pu

51、mps: “No more credit cards.” He may be the first in West Virginia to ban plastic, but gas station operators nationwide are reporting similar woes as higher prices translate into higher credit card fees the managers must pay, squeezing profits at the pump. “The more they buy, the more we lose,” said

52、Randolph, who manages Mr. Eds Chevron in St. Albans. “Gas prices go up, and our profits go down.” His complaints target the so-called interchange fee, a percentage of the sale price paid to credit card companies on every transaction. The percentage is fixed, usually at just under 2 percent, but the

53、dollar amount of the fee rises with the price of the goods or services. As gas tops $4 a gallon, that pushes fees toward 10 cents a gallon. Now stations, which typically mark up gasoline by 11 to 12 cents a gallon, are seeing profits shrink or even reverse.In a good month, Randolphs small operation

54、would yield a $60 profit on gasoline sales. But thats been buried as soaring prices forced the station to pay about $500 a month in interchange fees. “At these prices, people arent making any money,” said Jeff Lenard, spokesman for the Alexandria, Va.-based National Association of Convenience Stores

55、. “Its brutal.” Lenards group reports convenience stores paid roughly $7.6 billion in credit card fees last year, while making $3.4 billion in profits.The credit card companies say fees are just part of the cost of doing business. MasterCard has capped interchange fees for gas purchases of $50 or mo

56、re, said company spokeswoman Sharon Gamsin. Accepting MasterCard also gives gas stations “increased sales, greater security and convenience, lower labor costs, and speed for their customers at the pump,” Gamsin said in an e-mail to The Associated Press. Visa argues that the fees are offset “by the t

57、angible benefits to stations and their customers, such as the ability to pay at the pump,” the company said in a statement to the AP.1. Why do some gas station owners no longer accept credit cards?2.What is the average interchange fee paid by gas station owners?3.How much profit does the average gas

58、 station owner make on a gallon of gas?4.Visa believes that allowing customers to pay with a credit card offers（ ）to everyone involved.5. When profits are shrinking, they are（ ）.问题1选项A.They are afraid of outdated cards.B.They prefer the instant gratification of getting cash.C.They are afraid of cred

59、it fraud.D.They do not want to pay high credit card fees.问题2选项A.About $4.B.About 2%.C.About $60.D.11 to 12 cents.问题3选项A.About 2%.B.About $ 4.C.11 to 12 cents.D.About $60.问题4选项A.tangible threatsB.tangible benefitsC.uncertaintyD.inconvenience问题5选项A.decreasingB.holding steadyC.increasingD.undulating【答案

60、】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词 “no longer accept credit cards” 可以定位到文章第一段中 “When gas station manager Roger Randolph realized it was costing him money each time someone filed up with $4-a-gallon gas, he hung a sign on his pumps: “No more credit cards.”译为：当加油站经理Roger Randolph发现，在4美元一加仑汽油

61、的情况下，每当有人选择加满时，他都会出现负利润，于是他在加油站挂上了“不支持使用信用卡”的标示，以及 “He may be the first in West Virginia to ban plastic, but gas station operators nationwide are reporting similar woes as higher prices translate into higher credit card fees the managers must pay, squeezing profits at the pump.”译为：也许他是西弗吉尼亚州第一位禁止使用信

62、用卡的人，但是全国各地加油站经营者都曾指出过汽油价格的上涨意味着需要支付的信用卡费用更多，因此实际上是对加油站利益的一种压榨。由此可以推断出答案选D。2.细节事实题。由题干中关键词 “average interchange fee”可以定位到文章第一段 “The percentage is fixed, usually at just under 2 percent, but the dollar amount of the fee rises with the price of the goods or services.” 译为：这个比率是固定的，通常不超过2%，但是随着商品和服务价格上涨

63、，这部分费用的总量也会增加。可推断出答案选B。3.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到原文第一段最后一句 “Now stations, which typically mark up gasoline by 11 to 12 cents a gallon, are seeing profits shrink or even reverse.” 译为：现在，加油站通常在成本的基础上将每一加仑的汽油加价11-12美分，但是它们的利润正在缩水，甚至出现负利润。由此推断答案选C。4.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到原文最后一段中Visa argues that the fees are offset “by

64、the tangible benefits to stations and their customers, such as the ability to pay at the pump”，译为：维萨卡方面称，信用卡交换费是可以与其带给加油站和顾客的实实在在的利益相抵消的，例如在加油站的支付能力。由此可推断出答案选B。5.词汇题。根据题干关键词 “shrinking” 定位到文章中第一段最后一句 “Now stations, which typically mark up gasoline by 11 to 12 cents a gallon, are seeing profits shrink or even reverse.”由此可推断出shrink是指