2022年考博英语-河北工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷75

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1、2022年考博英语-河北工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题It is not improbable that some scrupulous people might be apt to censure such a practice as a little bordering upon cruelty.问题1选项A.meticulousB.contemplativeC.imprudentD.trifle【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. meticulous一丝不苟的，小心翼翼的 B. contemplative沉思的，冥想的C. imprudent轻率的，鲁莽的

2、D. trifle（名词）少量，琐事【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】划线单词scrupulous在句中表示“细心的，小心谨慎的”，A选项词义与划线单词含义最为接近，故本题正确答案为A选项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项与划线单词的意思不符合。【句意】有些一丝不苟的人可能会倾向于谴责这种做法有点近乎残忍，这是不大可能的。2. 单选题His _ was telling him that something was wrong.问题1选项A.intuitionB.hypothesisC.inspirationD.sentiment【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. intuition直觉 B

3、. hypothesis（有少量事实依据但未被证实的）假说，假设C. inspiration灵感，鼓舞 D. sentiment（基于情感的）观点，看法【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据句子意思“他的_告诉他有些事情不对劲”，结合关键信息something was wrong（某些事情有问题）可推测，空格处填入“直觉”符合句子意思。因此，该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】他的直觉告诉他出了问题。3. 单选题Behind the A aluminums versatility B lies properties so diverse that C they

4、almost seem to belong to several different D metals.问题1选项A.aluminumsB.liesC.theyD.metals【答案】B【解析】【答案】B【考查点】主谓一致。【解题思路】该句是介词短语做状语置于句首引起句子倒装。主语为properties，谓语动词要用复数，因此，应将B选项改为lie。【句意】在铝的多功能性背后，是各种各样的特性，它们几乎像是属于几种不同的金属。4. 单选题Many parts of an aircraft are _ together.问题1选项A.reshuffledB.repulsedC.revertedD

5、.riveted【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. reshuffled进行岗位调整；更改职责配置 B. repulsed拒绝；驱逐C. reverted回复；归还 D. riveted吸引住；用铆钉固定住【答案】D【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息parts of an aircraft（飞机的零件）和关键词together（一起）可知，空格处填入“组装，固定”符合句子意思，四个选项中只有D项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。【句意】飞机的许多部件是用铆钉铆接在一起的。5. 单选题The Party always inculcates the duty of loya

6、lty on the young people.问题1选项A.precludes fromB.imbues withC.furnishes withD.resorts to【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. precludes from阻止，妨碍 B. imbues with灌输强烈的情感或意见C. furnishes with供给，提供，给装饰 D. resorts to依靠，求助于，诉诸【答案】B【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】由关键信息The Party（党）和the duty of loyalty（忠诚的义务）可推测，划线单词inculcate的意思是“灌输，教导”。因此，B选项含义与

7、划线部分词义最为接近，故本题正确答案为B选项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项与划线单词的意思不符合。【句意】党总是谆谆教导青年人忠诚的义务。6. 单选题When Bartley Hubbard went to interview Silas Lapham for the “Solid Men of Boston” series, which he undertook to finish up in The Events, after he replaced the originator of the project on that newspaper, Lapham received him in

8、 his private office by previous appointment.“Walk right in!” he called out to the journalist, whom he caught sight of through the door of the counting room.He did not rise from the desk at which he was writing, but he gave Bartley his left hand for welcome, and he rolled his large head in the direct

9、ion of a vacant chair. “Sit down! Ill be with you in just half a minute.”“Take your time,” said Bartley, with the ease he instantly felt. “Im in no hurry.” He took a note-book from his pocket, laid it on his knee, and began to sharpen a pencil.“There!” Lapham pounded with his great hairy fist on the

10、 envelope he had been addressing. “William!” he called out, and he handed the letter to a boy who came to get it. I want that to go right away. Well, sir,” he continued, wheeling round in his leather-cushioned swivel chair, and facing Bartley, seated so near that their knees almost touched, “so you

11、want my life, death, and Christian sufferings, do you, young man?”“Thats what Im after,” said Bartley. “Your money or your life.”“I guess you wouldnt want my life without the money,” said Lapham, as if he were willing to prolong these moments of preparation.“Take them both,” Bartley suggested, “Dont

12、 want your money without your life, if you come to that. But youre just one million times more interesting to the public than if you hadnt a dollar; and you know that as well as I do; Mr. Lapham. Theres no use beating around the bush.”“No,” said Lapham, somewhat absently. He put out his huge foot an

13、d pushed the ground-glass door shut between his little den and the book-keepers, in their larger den outside.“In personal appearance wrote Bartley in the sketch for which he now studied his subject, while he waited patiently for him to continue, “Silas Lapham is a fine type of the successful America

14、n. He has a square, bold chin, only partially concealed by the short reddish-grey beard, growing to the edges of his firmly closing lips. His nose is short and straight; his forehead good, but broad rather than high; his eyes blue, and with a light in them that is kindly or sharp according to his mo

15、od. He is of medium height, and fills an average arm-chair with a solid bulk, which on the day of our interview was unpretentiously clad in a business suit of blue serge. His head droops somewhat from a short neck, which does not trouble itself to rise far from a pair of massive shoulders.”“I dont k

16、now as I know just where you want me to begin,” said Lapham.“Might begin with your birth; thats where most of us begin,” replied Bartley.A gleam of humorous appreciation shot into Laphams blue eyes.“I didnt know whether you wanted me to go quite so far back as that,” he said. “But theres no disgrace

17、 in having been born, and I. was born in the State of Vermont, pretty well up under the Canada lineso well up, in fact I came very near being an adoptive citizen; for I was bound to be an American of some sort, from the word Go! That was aboutwell, let me see!pretty near sixty years ago; this is 75,

18、 and that was 20. Well, say Im fifty-five years old; and I have lived em, too; not an hour of waste time about me, anywhere! I was born on a farm, and”“Worked in the fields summers and went to school winters: regulation thing?” Bartley cut in.“Regulation thing,” said Lapham, accepting this irreveren

19、t version of his history somewhat dryly.“Parents poor, of course,” suggested the journalist. “Any barefoot business? Early deprivation of any kind, that would encourage the youthful reader to go and do likewise? Orphan myself, you know,” said Bartley, with a smile of cynical good-comradery.Lapham lo

20、oked at him silently, and then said with quiet self-respect, “I guess if you see these things as a joke, my life wont interest you.”“Oh yes, it will,” returned Bartley, unabashed. “Youll see; itll come out all right.” And in fact it did so, in the interview which Bartley printed.“Mr. Lapham” he wrot

21、e, “passed rapidly over the story of his early life, its poverty and its hardships, sweetened, however, by the recollections of a devoted mother, and a father who, if somewhat her inferior in education, was no less ambitious for the advancement of his children. They were quiet, unpretentious people,

22、 religious, after the fashion of that time, and of sterling morality, and they taught their children the simple virtues of the Old Testament and Poor Richards Almanac.”Bartley could not deny himself this gibe; but he trusted to Laphams unliterary habit of mind for his security in making it, and most

23、 other people would consider it sincere reporters rhetoric.1 The narrator includes the fact that Lapham met Bartley “in his private office by previous appointment” to suggest that Lapham _.2. Laphams reaction to Bartleys arrival in his office can best be described as _.3. Bartley informs Lapham that

24、 he is an orphan himself for all the following reasons EXCEPT: _.4. According to Bartleys sketch of Lapham, Silas credits his parents with _.5. Throughout the passage, Bartleys attitude toward Lapham can best be described as one of _.问题1选项A.managed to squeeze Barley into a busy schedule of appointme

25、ntsB.has hired an office staff to attend to the details of the businessC.wishes to enhance his image and statusD.knows that Bartley plans to ask him personal questions问题2选项A.antagonistic; he takes an instant dislike to BartleyB.casual; he wants to appear an easygoing fellow and laid backC.cordial; h

26、e treats Bartley like a welcome guestD.indifferent; he has more pressing matters to attend to问题3选项A.to insinuate that Laphams deprivations were not uniqueB.to win Laphams sympathyC.to establish rapport with LaphamD.to lighten up the conversation问题4选项A.bestowing on him an honest and open personalityB

27、.motivating him to succeed in lifeC.exposing him to the Old Testament and Poor Richards AlmanacD.toughening him up for a career as a businessman问题5选项A.cynicismB.resentmentC.contemptD.Ingratitude【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.【选项释义】1. The narrator includes the fact that Lapham met Bartley “in his

28、 private office by previous appointment” to suggest that Lapham _. 1 叙述者描述了拉帕姆与巴特利“在他的私人办公室会面”的事实，以此暗示拉帕姆_。A. managed to squeeze Barley into a busy schedule of appointments A. 设法把巴利挤进了繁忙的会议日程中B. has hired an office staff to attend to the details of the business B. 已雇用办公室职员来处理业务细节C. wishes to enhance

29、 his image and status C. 希望提升自己的形象和地位D. knows that Bartley plans to ask him personal questions D. 知道巴特利打算问他一些私人问题【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段“当巴特利哈伯德代替报纸上的项目发起人去采访塞拉斯拉帕姆的波士顿的好人系列时，拉帕姆按照事先的约定在他的私人办公室里接待了他”，由此可推断，在私人办公室进行的采访肯定会涉及一些私人问题，并且下文对于他们两个谈话的描述也可以看出，巴特利采访涉及到了拉帕姆从出生开始到以后的事情，所以该题选择D项“知道巴特利打算问

30、他一些私人问题”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“设法把巴利挤进了繁忙的会议日程中”和C项“希望提升自己的形象和地位”没有提到，这两项属于无中生有；B项“已雇用办公室职员来处理业务细节”，文中没有提到办公室职员，只提到一个取信的男孩，该项属于无中生有。2.【选项释义】2. Laphams reaction to Bartleys arrival in his office can best be described as _. 2. 拉帕姆对巴特利来到他办公室的反应可以用_来描述。A. antagonistic; he takes an instant dislike to Bartley A.

31、敌对的；他一见到巴特利就不喜欢B. casual; he wants to appear an easygoing fellow and laid back B. 随意的；他想表现得随和C. cordial; he treats Bartley like a welcome guest C. 热诚的；他把巴特利当作受欢迎的客人D. indifferent; he has more pressing matters to attend to D. 漠不关心的；他有更紧急的事情要处理【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第三段的内容“他没有从写字的桌子上站起来，只是向巴特利伸出左手表示欢

32、迎，然后把他的大脑袋转到一张空椅子上。并说：坐下来！我半分钟后就来找你”，从中可以看出，拉帕姆是有其他事情需要处理，对巴特利的态度是比较冷漠的。因此，该题选择D项“漠不关心的；他有更紧急的事情要处理”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“敌对的；他一见到巴特利就不喜欢”和B项“随意的；他想表现得随和”在原文没有体现，属于无中生有；C项“热诚的；他把巴特利当作受欢迎的客人”由解题思路可知，与原文相反，属于反向干扰。3.【选项释义】3. Bartley informs Lapham that he is an orphan himself for all the following reasons EXC

33、EPT: _. 3. 巴特利告诉拉帕姆，他自己也是一个孤儿，原因如下，除了_。A. to insinuate that Laphams deprivations were not unique A. 暗示拉帕姆的贫困不是唯一的B. to win Laphams sympathy B. 为了赢得拉帕姆的同情C. to establish rapport with Lapham C. 与拉帕姆建立融洽关系D. to lighten up the conversation D. 为了让谈话轻松些【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第十七段“巴特利脸上带着讥讽的友好的微笑（with a s

34、mile of cynical good-comradery）说：父母当然很穷，这是白手起家吗？任何形式的早期剥夺，会鼓励年轻的读者去做同样的事情吗？我自己也是个孤儿，你知道的。”和第十八段“拉帕姆默默地看着他，然后带着平静的自尊说：我猜如果你把这些事情看成一个笑话，你就不会对我的生活感兴趣了。”理解可知，当巴特利告诉拉帕姆，他自己也是一个孤儿时，谈话并没有轻松下来。因此，该题选择D项符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“暗示拉帕姆的贫困不是唯一的”、B项“为了赢得拉帕姆的同情”和C项“与拉帕姆建立融洽关系”从第十七段的内容可以看出来，这三项符合原文，属于反向干扰。4.【选项释义】4. Accordi

35、ng to Bartleys sketch of Lapham, Silas credits his parents with _. 4. 根据巴特利对拉帕姆的简报，塞拉斯认为他的父母_。A. bestowing on him an honest and open personality A. 赋予了他诚实和开放的性格B. motivating him to succeed in life B. 激励他在生活中取得成功C. exposing him to the Old Testament and Poor Richards Almanac C. 让他接触了旧约和穷理查年鉴D. toughen

36、ing him up for a career as a businessman D. 让他成为一名商人【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至倒数第二段巴特利对拉帕姆的简单描述“拉帕姆先生他很快就忘掉了他早年的生活，那贫穷和艰辛的生活，然而，他回忆起一位慈爱的母亲和一位虽不如她受教育程度高，但对孩子们的进步也同样雄心勃勃的父亲，使他的生活变得更加美好。他们是安静、朴实的人，信仰宗教，符合当时的风尚，具有高尚的道德。他们把旧约和穷理查年鉴中的简单美德教给孩子们。”可知，塞拉斯拉帕姆认为即使早年生活贫困，父母教育程度不高，但是他们仍然会尽力使他的生活变得更加美好，激励他进步。因

37、此，该题选择B项“激励他在生活中取得成功”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“赋予了他诚实和开放的性格”和D项“让他成为一名商人”在原文没有提到，属于无中生有；C项“让他接触了旧约和穷理查年鉴”表述比较片面，属于以偏概全。5.【选项释义】5. Throughout the passage, Bartleys attitude toward Lapham can best be described as one of _. 5. 在整篇文章中，巴特利对拉帕姆的态度可以用_来描述。A. cynicism A. 玩世不恭B. resentment B. 愤恨C. contempt C. 轻视，蔑视D. I

38、ngratitude D. 忘恩负义【答案】C【考查点】观点态度题。【解题思路】根据最后一段第一句“巴特利无法克制自己的这种嘲弄（gibe）”，和第十七段最后一句提到“带着讥讽的（cynical）友好的微笑”，从gibe和cynical这两个词可以看出，巴特利对拉帕姆的态度是轻蔑的。因此，该题选择C项“轻视，蔑视”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“玩世不恭”、B项“愤恨”和D项“忘恩负义”根据解题思路可知，这三项属于曲解原文。7. 单选题A At night a cat relies B on its sight C more than D for any other senses.问题1选项A.

39、AtB.onC.moreD.for【答案】D【解析】【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】than比较的是its sight（它的视觉）和any other senses（其他任何感官）两个部分，所以more than后面的介词应该是与动词rely构成搭配，所以应改为on。【句意】猫在晚上更依赖于视觉而不是其他任何感官。8. 单选题A Many people believe B that New York is the C most great city D in the United States.问题1选项A.ManyB.thatC.mostD.in【答案】C【解析】【考查点】最高级用法。【解题思路

40、】Great的最高级是直接在后面加est，即greatest。所以要把most great改为greatest。该题选择C项。【句意】许多人认为纽约是美国最大的城市。9. 填空题Reconstruction means broadly for us reformulate and refocusingon ties between particular practices and theories of prose fiction and the facts of life, that is, historical, biographical, and textual facts about

41、authors, readers, critics, and their works and worlds. Critical reconstruction can even show how previous fictions have helped to call into be subsequent realities and subjectivities. But the project ofreconstruction must be plural and textually specific, if it is not to be reductive and, from our l

42、ate twentieth-century roller-coaster perspective to history, to turn quickly into old-hat totalizing. There aremyriad ways for critics to reconstruct a relationship between a text and some aspect of reality. Let a hundred blooms flower.This book, as a whole and in its parts, features the interplay o

43、f fictions than “the real world,” but it explores and expands ideas of whatfiction and reality might be. In discussions of particular texts, it raises and addresses such questions, both time and perennial, as these: Howdoes fiction work to represent and communicate truth about the world? What is the

44、 connection between perceived historical reality and the form of language in which a novel is narrated? How does writing mediate the tensions between public and private life, and what doesfiction to do with formulating the very concept of such a split? What is it exactly that people of a given time

45、want and get from a particular novel? How does a novelists life give form to a novel? How are reality, the novel, knowledge, and the practice and form of fiction known as realism relating, and what might realism mean now as modern criticsreconstruct ideas about it? How does a critical theorist of li

46、terature move to political theory? How do the effects of writing “travel,” both geographically and in time? And, most significantly for us, what continues to matter about some particular work or works? All these are questions Ian Watts work has floated for us and helped bring into focus.Watt integra

47、ted the skills and virtues of New Criticisms close readings with concern for such historical factors as economic change,class and gender determinants, the dynamic nature of a reading public, cultural and philosophic influences, social psychology, shits in signifying practices, and theories of narrat

48、ive that had been missing,lost, or slighting in much influential postwar literary criticism. Hisboldness in taking the study of literature initially beyond pure textual analysis into realms of sociology, ideology, and cultural relations, and then back into individual novels for richer and more compl

49、ex readings was a brilliant accomplishment that broadened extending the range of literary scholarship. He opened up fields for scholars of all bentsfields consisting, to be sure, of turf to fight about. His interdisciplinary method was instrumental in helping to bring about the interaction of many c

50、ritical practices and positions that continues to preoccupy critics.1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _6. _7. _8. _9. _10. _【答案】1.【答案】reformulate改为reformulating2.【答案】call into be去掉be3.【答案】perspective to改为perspective of4.【答案】but改为and5.【答案】as these改为such as6.【答案】does改为has7.【答案】relating改为related8.【答案】economic change改

51、为economic changes9.【答案】lost改成losing10.【答案】broadened extending去掉extending【解析】1.【解题思路】由and后面的现在分词refocusing（重新关注）可知，reformulate（再用形式表示）与refocusing并列，所以reformulate也应是现在分词形式。故reformulate应改成reformulating。2. 【解题思路】call into是常用词组，表示“唤起”，后面可以直接跟名词，不用加be，所以把be去掉。3. 【解题思路】perspective of（的角度）是固定用法，不能和to搭配，所以把t

52、o改为of。4. 【解题思路】这句句意是“这本书，作为一个整体和它的部分，特点是小说的相互作用，而不是现实世界，它探索和扩展了虚构和现实可能是什么的想法”，可知前后为并列关系，而不是转折关系，所以把but改为and。5.【解题思路】这句句意是“在对特定文本的讨论中，它提出并解决了这样的问题，既有时间上的，也有长期存在的”，然后下文列举了一些问题，而as these没有表示“举例”的用法，所以要把as these改为such as。6.【解题思路】has/have to do with是固定搭配，表示“与有关”，而fiction是单数，所以要把does改为has。7.【解题思路】这句句意是“现实

53、、小说、知识、小说的实践和形式是如何被称为现实主义相关的”，表示“与相关的”要用relate的过去分词形式related，所以要把relating改为related。8.【解题思路】such as（例如）表示举例，economic change（经济变化）和class and gender determinants（阶级和性别决定因素）以及后面的名词短语都是并列的成分，所以统一都用复数形式，故把change改为changes。9.【解题思路】lost和missing、slighting一样都是并列动词，had been doing表示“过去一直在做的事情”，所以要把lost改为losing。1

54、0.【解题思路】broaden和extend都是动词，都表示“扩大，扩展”，这里broaden是定语从句中的谓语动词，避免语义重复，要把extending去掉。10. 单选题Minerva was the goddess of wisdom, but on one occasion she did a very foolish thing; she entered into competition with Juno and Venus for the prize of beauty. It happened thus: At the nuptials of Peleus and Thetis

55、 all the gods were invited with the exception of Eris, or Discord. Enraged at her exclusion, the goddess threw a golden apple among the guests, with the inscription, For the fairest” Thereupon Juno, Venus, and Minerva each claimed the apple. Jupiter, not willing to decide in so delicate a matter, se

56、nt the goddesses to Mount Ida, where the beautiful shepherd Paris was tending his flocks, and to him was committed the decision. The goddesses accordingly appeared before him. Juno promised him power and riches Minerva glory and renown in war, and Venus the fairest of women for his wife, each attemp

57、ting to bias his decision in her own favor. Paris decided in favor of Venus and gave her the golden apple, thus making the two other goddesses his enemies. Under the protection of Venus, Paris sailed to Greece, and was hospitably received by Menelaus, king of Sparta. Now Helen, the wife of Menelaus,

58、 was the very woman whom Venus had destined for Paris, the fairest of her sex. She had been sought as a bride by numerous suitors, and before her decision was made known, they all, at the suggestion of Ulysses, one of their number, took an oath that they would defend her from all injury and avenge h

59、er cause if necessary. She chose Menelaus, and was living with him happily when Paris became their guest. Paris, aided by Venus, persuaded her to elope with him, and carried her to Troy, whence arose the famous Trojan War, the theme of the greatest poems of antiquity, those of Homer and Virgil.Menel

60、aus called upon his brother chieftains of Greece to fulfill their pledge, and join him in his efforts to recover his wife. They generally came forward, but Ulysses, who had married Penelope, and was very happy in his wife and child, had no disposition to embark in such a troublesome affair. He there

61、fore hung back and Palamedes was sent to urge him. When Palamedes arrived at Ithaca, Ulysses pretended to be mad. He yoked an ass and an ox together to the plough and began to sow salt. Palamedes, to try him, placed the infant Telemachus before the plough, whereupon the father turned the plough asid

62、e, showing plainly that he was no madman, and after that could no longer refuse to fulfill his promise. Being now himself gained from the undertaking, he lent his aid to bring in other reluctant chief, especially Achilles. This hero was the son of that Thetis at whose marriage the apple of Discord h

63、ad been thrown among the goddesses. Thetis was herself one of the immortals, a sea-nymph, and knowing that her son was fated to perish before Troy if he went on the expedition, she endeavored to prevent his going. She sent him away to the court of King Lycomedes, and induced him to conceal himself in the disguise of a maiden among the daughters of the king. Ulysses, hearing he was