2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷39

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1、2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition health, distinction, control over ones destiny - must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambitions behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it espe

2、cially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition - if not always their own t

3、hen that of their parents and grandparents. There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the bam door after the horses have escaped - with the educated themselves riding on them.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, Euro

4、pean travel, BMWs - the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acq

5、uisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply; the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meal in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating parti

6、cipatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its p

7、ublic defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition

8、is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left

9、angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.1. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if （ ）_.2. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is （ ）.3. Some people d

10、o not openly admit they have ambition because （ ）.4. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained （ ）_.问题1选项A.its returns well compensate for the sacrificesB.it is rewarded with money, fame and powerC.its goals are spiritual rather than materialD.it is share

11、d by the rich and the famous问题2选项A.customary of the educated to discard ambition in wordsB.too late to check ambition once it has been let outC.dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goalD.impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition问题3选项A.they think of it as immoral

12、B.their pursuits are not fame or wealthC.ambition is not closely related to material benefitsD.they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible问题4选项A.secretly and vigorouslyB.openly and enthusiasticallyC.easily and momentarilyD.verbally and spiritually【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“I

13、f ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition health, distinction, control over ones destiny - must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambitions behalf.”，可知如果要正确看待雄心壮志，那么它所带来的健康、名望和对自己命运所带来的回报，就必须被认为是值得曾经的付出的。可判断出抱负只有在回报很好地补偿了付出的时候，才得以正确看待。选项A符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第一段，“There is heavy n

14、ote of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the bam door after the horses have escaped - with the educated themselves riding on them.”，可知作者打了个比方，这种做法带有浓重的虚伪色彩，就像在马儿逃跑后关上门，而受过良好教育的人却偷偷将马骑出去。用来比喻在实现抱负之后却否认隐藏自己的雄心壮志。选项C符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their

15、 dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar.”，可知现在的情况是，人们不能像以前那样轻易、公开地承认自己的梦想，以免被认为是将近的、贪婪的和庸俗的。可判断出有些人不公开承认他们有野心，是因为他们不想显得贪婪和可鄙。选项D符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual,

16、the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.”，可知左派是愤怒的批评者，右派是愚蠢的支持者，而中间派则像往常一样，是大多数认真的人，努力在生活中出人头地。可推断出作者认为我们不应该暗地批评，也不能愚昧地支持，而是应该以公开热情的态度对待抱负。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题The life story of the human species goes back a million years, and there is no doubt that man came only recently to the western hem

17、isphere. None of the thousands of sites of aboriginal habitation uncovered in-Worth and South America has antiquity comparable to that of old World sites. Mans occupation of the New World may date several tens of thousands of years, but no one rationally argues that he has been here even 100,000 yea

18、rs.Speculation as to how man found his way to America was lively at the outset, and the proposed routes boxed the compass. With one or two notable exceptions, however, students of American anthropology soon settled for the plausible idea that the first immigrants came by way of a land bridge that ha

19、d connected the northeast comer of Asia to the northwest comer of North America across the Bering Strait)Mariners were able to supply the reassuring information that the strait is not only narrow it is 56 miles wide - but also shallow, a lowering of the sea level there by 100 feet or so would transf

20、orm the strait into an isthmus (地峡).With little eels in the way of evidence to sustain the Bering Strait land bridge, anthropologists embraced the idea that man walked dry-hoed from Asia to America.Toward the end of thy/last century, however, it became apparent that the Western Hemisphere was the Ne

21、w World not only for man but also for a host of animals and plants. Zoologists and botanists showed that numerous subjects of their respective kingdoms must have originated in Asia and spread to America. These findings were neither astonishing nor wholly unexpected. Such spread of populations is not

22、 to be envisioned as an exodus or mass migration, even in the case of animals. It is, rather, a spilling into new territory that accompanies increase in numbers, with movement in the direction of least population pressure and most favorable ecological conditions. But the immense traffic in plant and

23、 animals forms placed a heavy burden on the Bering Strait land bridge as the anthropologists ahead envisioned it. Whereas purposeful men could make their way across a narrow bridge, the slow diffusion of plant and animals would require an avenue as a continent and available for ages at a stretch.1.T

24、he movement of plants and animals from Asia to America indicates （ ）.2.The author is refuting the notion that （ ）.3.By using the words “boxed the compass” (in Line 7) the author implies that （ ）.4.One reason for the migration not mentioned by the author is （ ）.5.We may assume that in tile paragraph

25、that follows this passage the author argues about （ ）.问题1选项A.that they could not have traveled across the Bering StraitB.that Asia and the Western hemisphere were connected by a large land massC.that the Bering Sea was an isthmus at one timeD.that migration was in the one direction only问题2选项A.life a

26、rose in America independently of life in EuropeB.the first settlers in America came during the sixteenth centuryC.a large continent once existed which has disappearedD.man was a host to animals and plants问题3选项A.the migration of mankind was from West to EastB.the migration of mankind was from East to

27、 WestC.mankind traveled in all directionsD.mankind walked from Asia to America问题4选项A.overcrowdingB.favorable environmental conditionsC.famineD.the existence of a land bridge问题5选项A.the contributions of anthropologistB.the contributions of zoologists and botanistsC.the contributions made by the Americ

28、an IndiansD.the existence of a large land mass between Asia and North America【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段， “the first immigrants came by way of a land bridge that had connected the northeast comer of Asia to the northwest comer of North America across the Bering Strait. Mariners

29、were able to supply the reassuring information that the strait is not only narrow it is 56 miles wide - but also shallow, a lowering of the sea level there by 100 feet or so would transform the strait into an isthmus (地峡).”，可知第一批移民者通过一座桥连接亚洲东北角和穿过白令海峡的北美西北角的大陆桥来到美国，水手能够提供可靠的信息，不仅是狭窄的海峡56英里宽,但也浅，那里的海

30、平面下降100英尺左右，就会把海峡变成地峡。可判断出动植物从亚洲到美洲的迁徙表明亚洲和西半球由一大片陆地连接起来。选项B符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，可知第一批移民者通过一座桥连接亚洲东北角和穿过白令海峡的北美西北角的大陆桥来到美国，亚洲和西半球由一大片陆地连接起来的，所以作者驳斥了曾经存在过的一个大陆已经消失了的观点。选项C符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段， “Speculation as to how man found his way to America was lively at the outset, and the proposed routes boxed

31、the compass.”，可知关于人类是如何找到去美国的路的猜测一开始就很活跃，所提议的路线四通八达。下文提到第一批移民者通过一座桥连接亚洲东北角和穿过白令海峡的北美西北角的大陆桥来到美国，可判断出人类在四面八方旅行。选项C符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第三段， “a spilling into new territory that accompanies increase in numbers, with movement in the direction of least population pressure and most favorable ecological condit

32、ions.”，可知向人口压力最小、生态条件最有利的方向流动，并伴随着数量的增加而涌入新的领地。可判断出人口密度和环境都是作者提到的迁徙的原因。选项A和B可排除。根据文章第二段，可知第一批移民者通过一座桥连接亚洲东北角和穿过白令海峡的北美西北角的大陆桥来到美国，所以有大陆桥的存在，选项D可排除。饥荒在文中并未提及，选项C符合题意。5.推断题。文章主要提到了第一批移民是通过大陆桥到达美国的，说明了大陆桥的存在，大陆桥最后延伸成为一片大陆，证明亚洲和西半球是由一片大陆连接的。根据文章最后一句， “Whereas purposeful men could make their way across a

33、 narrow bridge, the slow diffusion of plant and animals would require an avenue as a continent and available for ages at a stretch.”，可知植物和动物的缓慢扩散和迁徙则需要一条作为大陆的大道，而且可以长时间使用。可判断出作者在下文可能为讨论到在亚洲和北美之间大陆的存在。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题My boss has failed me so many times that I no longer place any（ ） on what he promises.

34、问题1选项A.conformityB.probabilityC.relianceD.assurance【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。conformity “遵守，一致”；probability “可能性，几率”；reliance “信赖，信心”；assurance “保证，担保”。句意：我的老板多次失信于我，所以我不再相信他的承诺。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Cambridge is （ ）the best university in Europe and among the worlds top ten.问题1选项A.in most casesB.on most countsC.under

35、 most conditionsD.with most prospects【答案】C【解析】短语辨析。in most cases “在大多数情况下”；under most conditions “在大多数情况、条件下”，没有选项B和D的搭配，可排除。句意：剑桥大学在大多数情况下都是欧洲最好的大学，也是世界排名前十的大学之一。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题The police believe that the thief is still on the （ ）.问题1选项A.premisesB.diversityC.emissionD.engagement【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。premi

36、ses “处所”；diversity “多样性”；emission “散发”；engagement “订婚”。句意：警察相信，这个小偷仍在他的住所。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence because college will help them earn more

37、 money become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who dont go.But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending those who dont fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvio

38、us. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each others experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Others find no stimulation in their studies and drop out-often encouraged by colle

39、ge administrators.Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselvesthey are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But thats a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesnt explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. Weve bee

40、n told that young people have to go to college because our economy cant absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly be

41、gun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps col

42、lege doesnt make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn thingsmaybe its just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-leaning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful co

43、llege graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.1.According to the author （ ）.2.In the

44、2nd paragraph, “those who dont fit the pattern” refers to （ ）.3.The drop-out rate of college students seems to go up because （ ）.4.According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that （ ）.5.In this passage the author argues that （ ）.问题1选项A.people used to questio

45、n the value of college educationB.people used to have full confidence in higher educationC.all high school graduates chose to go to collegeD.very few high school graduates chose to go to college问题2选项A.high school graduates who arent suitable for college educationB.college graduates who are selling s

46、hoes and driving taxisC.college students who arent any better for their higher educationD.high school graduates who failed to be admitted to college问题3选项A.young people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching at collegeB.many young people are required to join the armyC.young people hav

47、e little motivation in pursuing a higher educationD.young people dont like the intense competition for admission to graduate school问题4选项A.society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduatesB.high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college educationC.too many students ha

48、ve to earn their own livingD.college administrators encourage students to drop out问题5选项A.more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing for high school graduatesB.college education is not enough if one wants to be successfulC.college education benefits only the intelligent,

49、 ambitious, and quick-learning peopleD.intelligent people may learn quicker if they dont go to college【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一句，“The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation.”，可知大学已经被超过一代的人们毫无疑问的接受了。可判断出人们过去总是对高等教育充满信心。选项B符合题意。2.语义理解题。根据文章

50、第一句，“And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending those who dont fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious.”，可知近一半的高中毕业生就读于那些不符合这种模式的学校，人数越来越多，现象也越来越明显。下文紧接着用例子说明了这种现象。可判断出those who dont fit the pattern是指那些没有因为高等教育而变得更好的大学生们。选项C符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句，“Other

51、s find no stimulation in their studies and drop out-often encouraged by college administrators.”，可知另一些人在学习中找不到激励和鼓舞而辍学通常是受到大学管理者的鼓励。可判断出大学生的辍学率似乎在上升的原因在于年轻人很少有追求高等教育的动力。选项C符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“Weve been told that young people have to go to college because our economy cant absorb an army of untraine

52、d eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.”，可知我们被告知年轻人必须上大学，因为经济不会给一个18岁的未受过训练的人工作机会。但是令人沮丧的事实是，毕业生了解到社会也无法给受过大学教育的22岁的毕业生适合的工作机会。可判断出大学教育的问题部分来自于社会无法为受过良好训练的大学毕业生提供足够的工作机会。选项A符合题意。5.作者态度题。根据文章最后一段，“This

53、 is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.”，可知我们从小就被教育说接受一点教育是好的，接受的教育越多越好，这是有争议的。相反的证据也开始增多。可判断出作者认为对于高中毕业的年轻人来说，大学并非最好的、唯一的去处。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题Watch a baby between six an

54、d nine months old, and you will （ ） the basic concept of geometry being learned.问题1选项A.makeB.believeC.understandD.observe【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。Make “制作，使”；believe “相信”；understand “理解，明白”；observe “观察”。句意：观察一个6到9个月大的婴儿，你会发现是如何学习几何学的基本概念的。选项D符合题意。8. 单选题This year will difficult for this organization because （

55、 ）.问题1选项A.they have less money and volunteers than they had last yearB.it has less money and fewer volunteers than it had last yearC.the last year it did not have as few volunteers and moneyD.there are fewer money and volunteers than in the last year there were【答案】B【解析】语法题。因为little修饰不可数名词，few修饰可数名词，

56、money为不可数名词，volunteer为可数名词，选项A、C和D可排除，又因为句子表示比较所以用比较级less和fewer表示更少的。句意：今年对于组织来说会是困难的一年，因为资金和志愿者都比去年更少了。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题No form of government in the world is （ ）; each system reflects the history and present needs of the region or the nation.问题1选项A.dominantB.influentialC.integralD.drastic【答案】A【解析】形容词词

57、义辨析。dominant “显性的，占优势的，统治的”；influential “有影响力的”；integral “积分的，完整的”；drastic “激烈的，猛烈的”。句意：世界上没有任何一种政体是占统治地位的，每一种制度都反映了该地区或民族的历史和现实需要。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题Employees are （ ）to join the companys pension plan after a years service.问题1选项A.compelledB.acquiredC.respondedD.rejected【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。compel “强迫，迫使”；acq

58、uire “获得”；respond “回应”；reject “拒绝”。句意：雇员被强制要求在工作一年后，必须参加公司的养老金计划。选项A符合题意。11. 翻译题理论必须联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。在姹紫嫣红的花卉世界里，牡丹自古以来就素有“花中之王”的美誉，深受中国人的喜爱。凡是优秀的作品，读来都如同与历史上最杰出的人物在促膝谈心。这几年的变化极为显著，不容我们有所忽视，教训也极为沉痛，不容我们不深为铭记。自然科学方面，我们比较落后，特别要努力向外国学习，但是也要批判地学，不可盲目地学。【答案】Theory must be related to facts, which is a p

59、rinciple we have to firmly remember.In the colorful world of flowers, Peony has been entitled as “the king of flower”, which is favored by Chinese people deeply.All splendid works make readers feel like that they are talking with many outstanding people in the history while reading these books.There

60、 has been a tremendous change in recent years that we cant ignore, and its lessons are painful that we cant forget.As for natural science, we are backward and need to learn from foreign countries. But we should learn critically and wisely.12. 单选题By 1863 the Northern war economy was （ ） in high gear.

61、问题1选项A.rumbling alongB.passing awayC.roamingD.blooming【答案】A【解析】词组辨析。rumbling along “隆隆前进”，pass away “去世，度过时间”；roam “漫步，漫游”；bloom “开发，茂盛”。句意：到1863年，北方战时经济高速发展。选项A符合题意。13. 单选题They gathered （ ） information before designing the measuring equipment.问题1选项A.a great manyB.vast amounts ofC.a large number ofD

62、.a number of【答案】B【解析】词组辨析。A great many, a large number of和a number of后都接可数名词，information为不可数名词，所以选用vast amount of，句意：他们在设计测量设备之前收集了大量的信息。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题However important we may regard school life to be, there is no gainsaying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Ther

63、efore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and thwart curricular objectives.Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents apprised of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing, an