2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷65

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1、2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题I had a（ ）hope that his cancer might be cured.问题1选项A.dimB.faintC.blankD.small【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。dim“昏暗的，模糊的”；faint“模糊的，头晕的”；blank“空白的，空虚的”；small“少的，微弱的”。a faint hope“一线希望”。句意：我对他的癌症能被治愈抱有一线希望。故B项正确。2. 单选题Her husband is interested in designing electronic（ ）.问题1选

2、项A.managementB.safetyC.devicesD.routine【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。management“管理，经营”；safety“安全”；device“设备”；routine“例行公事，常规”。electronic devices“电子设备”。句意：她丈夫对设计电子设备感兴趣。故C项符合题意。3. 单选题Taking photographs is strictly（ ）here, as it may damage the precious cave paintings.问题1选项A.forbiddenB.rejectedC.excludeD.denied【答案】A

3、【解析】考查形容词辨析。forbidden“严禁的”；rejected“拒绝的”；exclude“排除”；denied“否定”。由后半句内容“拍照会损害珍贵的洞穴壁画”可推知“拍照是被严格禁止的”符合题意。故A项最符合题意。句意：这里严禁拍照，因为这可能会损坏珍贵的洞穴壁画。4. 单选题Try the product out in the comfort of your own home with absolutely no（ ）to buy.问题1选项A.commitmentB.engagementC.persuasionD.preservation【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。commi

4、tment“承诺，许诺”；engagement“订婚，婚约，约会”；persuasion“劝说，说服”；preservation“保存，保留”。句意：可以在自己家里随意试用本产品且根本不用承诺买该产品。A项符合题意。5. 单选题People tend to be more aggressive when theyre young and more _ as they get older.问题1选项A.progressiveB.permissiveC.conservativeD.intensive【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. progressive 进步的；先进的 B. permissiv

5、e 放任的；纵容的C. conservative 保守的 D. intensive 加强的；集中的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】句中，young“年轻的”和older“年老的”形成对比，因此空格处的形容词与aggressive“侵略性的；好斗的”作对比，因此选C .conservative保守的，符合句子逻辑。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】人们年轻的时候往往激进，年老时则倾向于保守。6. 单选题His family tried to_ into the white and Hispanic communities.问题1选项A.meltB.assim

6、ilateC.involveD.weaver【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. melt融化 B. assimilate 吸收；使同化C. involve包含；牵涉 D. weaver织布工；编织工【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】assimilate into表示（使）逐渐混合于（某一更大的群体）。句中white and Hispanic communities指的是白人和西班牙裔社区，是一个大群体。B选项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】他的家人试图融入白人和西班牙裔社区。7. 单选题He was afraid he would have to（

7、 ）her invitation to the party.问题1选项A.refuteB.rejectC.returnD.decline【答案】D【解析】考查近义词辨析。refute“驳倒，反驳，用证据证明是假的”；reject“拒绝，谢绝，指断然拒绝接受某人或某物或要求”；return“返回”；decline“婉拒”。句意：他担心他将不得不拒绝她的参加聚会的邀请。婉拒符合题意。故D项正确。8. 单选题We can allow a 0.5% discount on all orders of $1000; orders _ $2000 are subject to a 2%discount.问

8、题1选项A.exceedingB.reducingC.proceedingD.promoting【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. exceeding 超过（数量） B. reducing 减少C. proceeding 开始；继续做 D. promoting 促进；提升【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意：对所有1000美元的订单，我们可以给0.5%的折扣。分号后面的折扣更大，应该指如果是更多美元的订单，我们给出的折扣更多。应该选A. exceeding超过，表示更多。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】所有1000美元的订单，我们可以给0.5%的折扣。

9、超过2000美元的订单须加2%的折扣。9. 单选题They asked us to come to their party but we（ ）the invitation.问题1选项A.rejectedB.refusedC.declinedD.spurn【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。reject“拒绝，指断然拒绝接受某人，某物”；refuse“拒绝，回绝”；decline“拒绝，通常指有礼貌地婉拒”；spurn“藐视，唾弃”。句意：他们邀请我们去参加他们的聚会，但是我们婉拒了。由题干语境可知拒绝参加聚会应该是婉言拒绝。故C项正确。10. 写作题Directions: Nowadays, tr

10、affic problem remains one of the most serious situations in urban areas. Write an essay of 180-200 words to discuss this topic. Your essay must include the instructions as follows:1. Present situations2. Possible reasons3. What should be done to solve this problem【答案】略11. 单选题Like many lovers of book

11、s, Mary and her husband, Richard Goldman, seldom walked past a bookstore without stopping to look inside. They often talked of opening their own store one day.When Mary was hospitalized with heart trouble in 1989, they decided it was time to get serious. Richard, who worked for a business company, w

12、as eager to work for himself, and Mary needed to slow down from her demanding job.They started by talking to bookstore owners and researching the industry. “We knew it had to be a specialty store because we couldnt match the big chains dollar for dollar.” says Mary. One figure caught her attention:

13、Shed read somewhere that roughly 20 percent of books sold were mysteries, and many buyers spent more $300 a year on books. She and Richard were themselves mystery readers.On Halloween 1992, they opened the Mystery Lovers Bookshop and Cafe near their home. With three children in college, the couple c

14、ould not spend all the familys money to start a shop. To cover the $ 100,000 cost, they drew some of their savings, borrowed from relatives and from a bank.The store merely broke even in its first year, with only $120,000 in sales. But Mary was always coming up with new ways to attract customers. Th

15、e shop had a coffee bar and it offered gifts to mystery lovers and served dinners for book clubs that met in the store. She also invited dozens of writers to discuss their stories.Today Mystery Lovers makes sales of about $420,000 a year. After paying taxes, business costs and the six part-time sale

16、s clerks, Richard and Mary together earn about $34,000.“The job you love may not go hand in hand with a million-dollar income,” says Richard. “This has always been about an enjoyable life for ourselves, not about making a lot of money.”1.When Mary was in hospital, the couple realized that（ ）.2.After

17、 Mary got well from her illness they began（ ）.3.How did their bookstore do in the first year?4.According to Richard, the main purpose of running the bookstore is（ ）.5. What is the authors attitude about doing something you like but cannot earn lots of money?问题1选项A.they had to put their plan into pra

18、cticeB.health was more important than wealthC.heart trouble was a serious illnessD.they both needed to stop working问题2选项A.to study industrial managementB.to buy and read more mystery booksC.to do market research on book businessD.to work harder to save money for the bookstore问题3选项A.They had to borro

19、w money to keep it going.B.They made just enough to cover all the costs.C.They succeeded in earning a lot of money.D.They failed though they worked hard.问题4选项A.to pay for their childrens educationB.to get to know more writersC.to set up more bookstoresD.to do what they like to do问题5选项A.He is for it.

20、B.He is against it.C.He has no special attitude.D.We dont know.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。第一段讲述了Mary夫妇特别喜欢书，他们经常谈论有一天开一个自己的书店。再由第二段“When Mary was hospitalized with heart trouble in 1989, they decided it was time to get serious. 1989年玛丽因心脏病住院时，他们决定是时候认真对待这件事了。”可知Mary夫妇决心认真对待他们的开书店的计划。故A

21、项正确。2.细节事实题。由第三段“They started by talking to bookstore owners and researching the industry. 他们首先与书店老板交谈，并对这个行业进行了研究。”可知他们开始对书店行业进行市场调研。故C项正确。3.细节事实题。由第四段“To cover the $ 100,000 cost, they drew some of their savings, borrowed from relatives and from a bank. 为了支付这10万美元的费用，他们从亲戚和银行借了一部分存款。”以及第五段“The sto

22、re merely broke even in its first year, with only $120,000 in sales这家店在开业第一年仅仅实现了收支平衡，销售额只有12万美元”可知B项“他们赚的仅够支付成本”正确。4.推理判断题。由最后一段“This has always been about an enjoyable life for ourselves, not about making a lot of money. 对我们自己来说，这一直是一种享受生活的方式，而不是为了赚很多钱。”可知Richard开书店的原因是出于对书的热爱。故D项“做自己想做的事情”正确。5.观点

23、态度题。全文讲述了一对夫妇出于对书的热爱，最后开了一家书店的故事，没有涉及作者的观点态度。故C项正确。12. 单选题Did you notice her pale face? I think she was not quite（ ）at the party yesterday.问题1选项A.herB.sheC.herselfD.itself【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。be not oneself“表示身体不舒服”。句意：你注意到她苍白的脸没？我觉得在昨天的聚会上，她不太舒服。C项符合题意。13. 单选题A good leader must have character traits tha

24、t inspire others to accept his leadership. He must display courage, intelligence, and（ ）.问题1选项A.wisdomB.braveryC.shrewdnessD.integrity【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。wisdom“智慧”；bravery“勇敢，勇气”；shrewdness“精明，机灵”；integrity“完整，正直”。句意：一个好领导必须有激励他人接受自己领导的特质。他必须表现出自己的勇气，智慧和正直。由courage, intelligence可排除A、B项。C项不符合题意，故D项正确。14

25、. 单选题When the disaster happened, the helicopter _ nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning building.问题1选项A.unveiledB.rescuedC.comfortedD.predicted【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. unveiled使公布于众；揭开 B. rescued 营救；援救C. comforted安慰；使（痛苦）缓和 D. predicted 预言；预知【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】when引导时间状语从句，时态为过去式，空格处应填动词的过去式。主语为直升机，根据

26、句子逻辑，直升机应该是从屋顶救人。因此选B. rescued 营救，援救。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】灾难发生时，直升飞机从燃烧的楼顶救出了近20人。15. 单选题A well-funded national organization would be able to _ more influence in Parliament.问题1选项A.evaluateB.performC.recommendD.exert【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. evaluate 评价；估价 B. perform 执行；完成；演奏C. recommend 推荐，介绍

27、D. exert 运用，发挥；施以影响【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意，应该是组织对国会有影响。选D. exert施以影响，符合句子逻辑。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】一个资金充足的全国性组织将能够在议会中发挥更大的影响力。16. 单选题The material（ ）the apparatus is made is a good nonconductor of heat.问题1选项A.with whichB.of whichC.from whichD.with what【答案】B【解析】考查语法。be made of sth“由组成”。故B项正确

28、。句意：制造这种仪器的材料是一种很好的热绝缘体。故B项正确。17. 单选题Many novels that attempt to mirror the world are really_ of the reality that they represent.问题1选项A.reflectionsB.demonstrationsC.illuminationsD.reproductions【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. reflections反映；反响 B. demonstrations示范；展示C. illuminations启发；阐释 D. reproductions复制；复制品【考查点】近

29、义词辨析。【解题思路】句中mirror在这里表示反映的意思，that 引导一个定语从句修饰novel，在这里表示尝试反映世界的小说。空格后接of，of短语做后置定语。主句为novels are+空格处名词。空格处应该填一个与mirror相似的单词，表示反映的意思。A选项reflection符合句意。【干扰项排除】B选项demonstration表示清楚细致地展示；C选项illumination指某物能够被理解；D选项reproduction表示复制出与原物相似的物品。【句意】许多试图反映世界的小说实际上反映了它们所代表的现实。18. 翻译题As a fashionable leisure ac

30、tivity, traveling is favored by a growing number of people. Due to the rapid development of economy, the improvement of living standard and the governments support of tourism, traveling is becoming more and more popular in China. Traveling has gradually become an essential part of peoples daily life

31、. On holidays, numerous Chinese tourists would swarm into scenic spots across the world. When traveling, people can broaden their horizons, enrich their knowledge and appreciate beautiful natural landscapes, which would eventually help to relax themselves physically and mentally.【答案】旅游作为一种时尚的休闲活动，为越

32、来越多的人所喜爱。经济的迅猛发展、生活水平的提高，以及政府对旅游业的支持使得旅游在中国越来越流行。旅游已逐步成为人们日常生活必不可少的部分。每逢假期，大批的中国游客就会涌入世界各地的景点。旅游时人们可以开阔视野，增长知识，欣赏大自然的美丽风光，最终得以放松身心。19. 单选题Generally, it is only when animals are trapped that they _ to violence in order to escape.问题1选项A.proceedB.appealC.resortD.incline【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. proceed 开始；继续进行

33、 B. appeal 呼吁；恳求C. resort 诉诸；采取 D. incline 倾向于【考察点】词组辨析【解题思路】句意为只有动物在被困住的时候，它们才会采取暴力措施来逃走。C选项resort接to表采取的意思，符合句意。【干扰项排除】A选项proceed to继续下去；B选项appeal to呼吁；上诉；要求；对有吸引力；D选项incline to倾向于。Incline to更多指具有什么倾向。但是该题目应该选采取暴力措施。因为题意为动物们已经被困住了；以上选项均不符合句意。【句意】一般来说，只有当动物被困住时，它们才会采取暴力措施以逃脱。20. 不定项选择题One of the si

34、mplest and best known kinds of crystal is the ionic salt, of which a typical example is sodium chloride, or ordinary table salt. The fundamental components of an ionic salt are ions: atoms or molecules that have become electrically charged by gaining or losing one more electrons. In forming sodium c

35、hloride, for example, sodium atoms give up an electron (thereby becoming, positively charged) and chlorine atoms gain an electron (thereby becoming negatively changed). The ions are attracted to one another by their opposite charges, and they stack together compactly, like tightly packed spheres.Rec

36、ently, scientists at Michigan State University created a new kind of crystal called an electride. In electrides, the anions (negative ions) are completely replaced by electrons, which are trapped in naturally formed cavities within a framework of regularly stacked cations (positive ions). Electrides

37、 are the first examples of ionic salts in which all these anionic sites are occupied solely by electrons.Unlike other types of anions, anionic electrons do not behave as if they were simple charged spheres. In particular, because of their low mass and their tendency to interact with one another over

38、 great distances, they cannot be “pinned down” to any one location. Instead, they wander close to and among the atoms lining the cavity and interact with electrons in nearby cavities, perhaps changing places with them.The properties of an electride depend largely on the distance between the cavities

39、 that hold trapped electrons. When the trapped electrons are far apart, they do not interact strongly, and so behave somewhat like an array of isolated negative charges. When they are closer together, they begin to display properties associated with large ensembles of identical particles. When they

40、are still closer, the ensemble properties dominate and the electrons “delocalize”: they are no longer tightly bound within individual cavities but are more or less free to pass through the spaces within the framework of positive ions.By synthesizing electrides from a variety of materials, one can va

41、ry the geometry of the anionic cavities and their relation to the surrounding cations. The resulting properties may make it possible for electrides to become a basis for economically useful new materials and devices. For instance, because the electrons in some electrides are very weakly bound, these

42、 crystals could be effective as photosensitive detectors, in which an impinging photon liberates an electron, resulting in a small electric current. The same weak binding could also make electrides useful in solar energy converters and as cathodes in batteries. One obstacle is the tendency of electr

43、ides to decompose through reaction with air and water. Researchers are seeking ways to increase their stability.1. The passage is primarily concerned with discussing _.2. In the first paragraph, the author is primarily concerned with _.3. It can be inferred from the passage that the differences betw

44、een the behavior of anionic electrons and normal anions result from which of the following features of electrons, as compared to normal anions?I. The much lower mass of electrons.II. The much greater tendency of electrons to interact with one another over large distances.III. The much greater likeli

45、hood of electrons to remain trapped in naturally formed anionic cavities.4. According to the passage, the defining characteristic of an electride is which of the following?5. It can be inferred from the passage that anions behaving as “simple charged spheres” (3rd paragraph) could be expected to _.问

46、题1选项A.a way to isolate electronsB.the characteristics of a new kind of crystalC.the structure of an ionic saltD.commercial uses for electridesE.the properties of ions问题2选项A.introducing a variant on the standard atomic theoryB.describing how chlorine atoms can become negatively chargedC.describing so

47、me early research at Michigan State UniversityD.presenting the identifying properties of an electrideE.providing background for the technical discussion to follow问题3选项A.I only.B.II only.C.I and II only.D.I and III only.E.II and III only.问题4选项A.Its positive ions are of particularly low mass.B.Its ion

48、s possess identical electrical charges.C.It contains a framework of regularly stacked ions.D.Its ions demonstrate strong mutual attraction.E.Its negative ions consist solely of electrons.问题5选项A.readily lose electrons and become positively chargedB.move freely in and out of their cavitiesC.respond to

49、 photons by liberating electronsD.stack with other anions to create a regular frameworkE.remain fixed relative to their cations【答案】第1题:B第2题:E第3题:C第4题:E第5题:E【解析】1.【选项释义】The passage is primarily concerned with discussing_. 本文主要讨论_。A. a way to isolate electrons A. 隔离电子的方法B. the characteristics of a new

50、 kind of crystal B. 一种新型晶体的特性C. the structure of an ionic salt C. 离子盐的结构D. commercial uses for electrides D. 电子器件的商业用途E. the properties of ions E. 离子的性质【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据本文Para. 2可知，“最近，密歇根州立大学的科学家们发明了一种叫做电子晶体的新型晶体。”下文都是描述该晶体的特点。【干扰项排除】A选项“隔离电子的方法”，属于无中生有;C选项“离子盐的结构”，文中主要讲的是通过离子盐获得的新型晶体的特性结构等，而非离子盐

51、，这里属于张冠李戴;D选项“电子器件的商业用途”，文中没有涉及，属于无中生有；E选项“离子的性质”，文中有提到离子，但是并不是主要讲述离子，而是讲晶体，这里属于以偏概全。2.【选项释义】In the first paragraph, the author is primarily concerned with_. 在第一段中，作者主要关注_。A. introducing a variant on the standard atomic theory A. 介绍标准原子理论的一个变体B. describing how chlorine atoms can become negatively ch

52、arged B. 描述氯原子如何带负电荷C. describing some early research at Michigan State University C. 描述密歇根州立大学的一些早期研究D. presenting the identifying properties of an electride D. 给出电子化合物的识别特性E. providing background for the technical discussion to follow E. 为接下来的技术讨论提供背景【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据出处提示词Paragraph 1与题干信息词可定位到Pa

53、ra. 1，该处主要讲离子盐这种晶体的电子变化。从离子盐这种最基本的晶体来引出下文中的新型晶体。因此选E。【干扰项排除】A选项“介绍标准原子理论的一个变体”属于无中生有;B选项“描述氯原子如何带负电荷”，并不是作者主要关注的点，属于本末倒置;C选项“描述密歇根州立大学的一些早期研究”，第一段并没有讲该大学，属于无中生有；D选项“给出电子化合物的识别特性”，并没有给出电子化合物的特性，只是拿离子盐做例子，属于无中生有。3.【选项释义】It can be inferred from the passage that the differences between the behavior of a

54、nionic electrons and normal anions result from which of the following features of electrons, as compared to normal anions?I. The much lower mass of electrons.II. The much greater tendency of electrons to interact with one another over large distances.III. The much greater likelihood of electrons to

55、remain trapped in naturally formed anionic cavities. 从文章中可以推断出，与正常阴离子相比，阴离子电子和正常阴离子之间的行为差异源于电子的下列哪个特征?1.电子的质量更低。2. 在很远的距离内电子之间相互作用的更大趋势。3. 电子被困在自然形成的阴离子空腔中的可能性要大得多。A. I only. A. 只有1。B. II only. B. 只有2。C. I and II only. C. 只有1和2。D. I and III only. D. 只有1和3。E. II and III only. E. 只有2和3。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思

56、路】根据题干信息可定位到Para. 3该处讲到“与其他类型的阴离子不同，阴离子电子的行为不像简单的带电球体。特别是，由于它们的质量很低（low mass）”，还讲“它们倾向于在很远的距离内相互作用”。因此1和2 正确。比对选项，C选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】选项3中“电子被困在自然形成的阴离子空腔中的可能性要大得多”，文中提到“电子体的特性很大程度上取决于容纳被捕获电子的空腔之间的距离当它们更接近时，整体性质占主导地位，电子离域：它们不再被紧紧束缚在单独的空腔内，而是或多或少地在正离子框架内自由通过空间。”换言之，电子没有被困在阴离子空腔中。3选项错误，和原文相悖

57、。A、B、D、E错误。4. 【选项释义】According to the passage, the defining characteristic of an electride is which of the following? 根据文章，电子化合物的定义特征是下列哪一个?A. Its positive ions are of particularly low mass. A. 它的正离子质量特别低。B. Its ions possess identical electrical charges. B. 它的离子具有相同的电荷。C. It contains a framework of r

58、egularly stacked ions. C. 它包含了一个由有序堆叠的离子组成的框架。D. Its ions demonstrate strong mutual attraction. D. 它的离子表现出强烈的相互吸引力。E. Its negative ions consist solely of electrons. E. 它的负离子完全由电子组成。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para. 2第二句，该处讲到“在电子化合物中，负离子被电子完全取代”，即它的负离子由电子组成。因此E选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“它的正离子质量特别低”，文中没有提到，属于无中生有

59、;B选项“它的离子具有相同的电荷”文中没有提及，属于无中生有;C选项“它包含了一个由有序堆叠的离子组成的框架”，文中Para. 2提到“这些电子被困在自然形成的空腔中，而这个空腔是由有序堆叠的阳离子组成的”，意思是这个空腔是由有序堆叠的离子组成的，而非电子化合物，该选项张冠李戴；D选项“它的离子表现出强烈的相互吸引力”，Para. 4中提到“电子化合物的特性很大程度上取决于容纳被捕获电子的空腔之间的距离。当被捕获的电子相距较远时，它们的相互作用就不强烈”，所以它的离子并没有表现出强烈的相互吸引力，该选项属于反向干扰。5. 【选项释义】It can be inferred from the pa

60、ssage that anions behaving as “simple charged spheres” (3rd paragraph) could be expected to _. 从这篇文章可以推断，阴离子的行为是“简单的带电球体”（第三段），可预知_。A. readily lose electrons and become positively charged A. 容易失去电子而带正电B. move freely in and out of their cavities B. 它们可以自由进出空腔C. respond to photons by liberating electr

61、ons C. 通过释放电子对光子作出反应D. stack with other anions to create a regular framework D. 与其他阴离子堆叠，创建一个规则的框架E. remain fixed relative to their cations E相对于它们的阳离子保持不变【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】题目的重点在于anions behaving as “simple charged spheres”（表现为“简单的带电球体”的阴离子），可以定位到原文Para. 3第一句“与其他类型的阴离子不同，阴离子电子的行为不像是简单的带电球体”，这是一道反向推理题，第一句中的 “do not behave as if.”表明第三段的阴离子电子特点与表现为“简单的带电球体”的阴离子的特点相反，所以要进行反向推理。第二句中该处讲到“它们不能被固定在任何一个位置（ “pinned down” to any one location）”可知阴离子电子特点是不能被固定在任何一个位置，则“简单的带电球体”的阴离子可以被固定住。该题选E。【干扰项排除】A选项“容易失去电子而带正电”，文中没有涉及，属于无中生有；B选项“它们可以自由进出空腔”，阴离子电子可以进出空腔，但是阴离子不可以，属于张冠李戴;C选项“通过释放电子对光子做出反应”，阴离子电子与附