2022年考博英语-郑州大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷57

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1、2022年考博英语-郑州大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题A pervasive negative attitude of the engineers toward projects funded by his company is the cause of the delay of signing the contract.问题1选项A.perniciousB.prevalentC.preventiveD.perpetual【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项pernicious“有害的；恶性的；致命的；险恶的”；B选项prevalent“流行的；普遍的，广传的”；C选

2、项preventive“预防性的，防备的；防病的”；D选项perpetual“永久的；不断的；四季开花的；无期限的”。句意：工程师们对他们公司资助的项目普遍持否定态度，这是合同迟迟没有签订的原因。本句关键词pervasive表示“普遍的；到处渗透的；流行的”，四个选项中B选项最合适，因此B选项正确。2. 单选题Business travelers used to be the cash cows of the hotel business. Armed with corporate credit cards and expense accounts, theyd happily lay dow

3、n hundreds of dollars per night for the privilege of a Godiva chocolate on their pillow and a sunken whirlpool tub in their bathroom. But just as prolonged corporate belt tightening has forced road warriors to use budget airlines, more and more of them are now eschewing five-star lodging in favor of

4、 cheaper accommodations. Indeed, earlier this year the U.S.-based National Business Travel Association released figures showing that 61 percent of corporate travel managers planned to book their people into lower-priced hotels in the coming year.Heres the good news: penny-pinching is translating int

5、o better deals at cheap and up-market hotels alike. Services at middle-market hotels are rising to accommodate a new wave of more demanding corporate customers. And luxury hotels are working harder to keep business travelers coming, offering lower rates, special packages and extra services. Even tho

6、ugh business-travel volume is set to rise by more than 4 percent in 2004 after three dismal years, hotels will continue to be under pressure -in large part because a weak dollar is forcing American business travelers to search for value.Some of the best deals are coming from the big chains. In Janua

7、ry, Starwood Hotels announced it would upgrade it global middle-market brand. Four Points, by rolling out free high-speed wireless Internet access in all guest rooms. On the flip side, upscale brands like Inter Continental and Ritz Carlton are selling empty rooms at discount rates via online service

8、s. That has the effect of depressing luxury-room prices, because corporate travel managers can now demand that hotels match their own discount prices all the time. Inter Continental hotels in France and Germany have been hit so hard that they are actually repricing their rooms to reflect rates befor

9、e the dollar began falling. Upscale hotels like Waldorf-Astoria, Sofitel are also trying to offer extra services.But beware of new, hidden fees. In an effort to make up some of their lost revenue, hotels are starting to charge corporate travelers for things that used to be free including breakfast,

10、banquet or meeting rooms.Aside from saving companies money, the trend in frugal business travel may give rise to a whole new market segment: the buy-to-let hotel room. Last week in London, British property developer Johnny Sandelson launched Guestlnvest, a hotel in Notting Hill where users can purch

11、ase a room for 235,000, use it for a maximum of 52 nights a year themselves, then rent it out the rest of the time to make extra money. It seems an idea whose time has come: Guestlnvest says it has already fielded hundreds of calls from business people interested in making a cheaper hotel their seco

12、nd home.1. According to the passage, business travelers used to（ ）.2. How do hotels react to the penny-pinching policy?3. Travelers can now demand hotels to match their own prices because（ ）.4. Compared with traditional hotels, the buy-to let hotel（ ）.问题1选项A.be customers of luxurious hotelsB.book lo

13、wer-priced hotelsC.enjoy privileges in hotelsD.take budget airlines问题2选项A.They have to raise their ratesB.They offer better deals for travelersC.They charge more on extra servicesD.They are suffering successive dismal问题3选项A.travelers only have limited budgetB.travelers demand for extra servicesC.hot

14、els are trying to depress their pricesD.hotels are trying hard to keep good business问题4选项A.cost less and can be profitableB.attracts more attentions from travelersC.provides better room and serviceD.makes travelers feel more at home【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，商务旅行者过去怎么样？”文章第一段第二

15、句提到在企业紧缩预算的影响下，商务旅行者现在避开五星级酒店而选择便宜的住宿地方（But just as prolonged corporate belt tightening has forced road warriors to use budget airlines, more and more of them are now eschewing five-star lodging in favor of cheaper accommodations），由此可以推测过去他们常常选择五星级酒店住宿，选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“酒店如何应对这种精打细算的政策？”文章第二段第一句

16、话提到随之而来的是便宜而且高档的酒店的更加优惠的政策(Heres the good news: penny-pinching is translating into better deals at cheap and up-market hotels alike),说明为了招揽顾客，酒店提供给商务旅行者优惠政策，选项B符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“旅行者现在要求酒店的价格与自己期望的价格一致的原因是什么？”文章第二段第三句话提到“豪华酒店在努力吸引商务旅行者，给他们提供更低的价格、特殊的套餐和额外的服务”(And luxury hotels are working harder to

17、keep business travelers coming, offering lower rates, special packages and extra services);第三段提到商务旅行经理现在可以要求酒店一致保持与自己的折扣价格一致(That has the effect of depressing luxury-room prices, because corporate travel managers can now demand that hotels match their own discount prices all the time)，这一系列的措施都是为了吸引顾

18、客，因此选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“与传统酒店相比，先买后租酒店怎么样？”文章最后一段提到除了为公司省钱之外，还应运而生了一种新的市场：“先买后租”，即购买酒店房间，然后用来出租(Aside from saving companies money, the trend in frugal business travel may give rise to a whole new market segment: the buy-to-let hotel room),这说明这种模式是为了省钱，后面又提到了能把买下的房间租给他人，说明还能赚钱，因此选项A“花费减少，并且还能盈利”符合题

19、意。3. 单选题Changing from solid to liquid water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this（ ）produces artificial cold surrounding it.问题1选项A.absorptionB.consumptionC.transitionD.interaction【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。absorption “吸收”； consumption “消费，消耗”；transition “过渡；转变”； interaction “相互作用”。前半句提到“从固态变成液态

20、，水需要吸收它周围所有物质的热量”，因此空格处表示的就是“吸收(热量)”这个过程，选项A符合题意。4. 单选题Life insurance reflects one of the best parts of human beings, caring for others. One buys life insurance because he or she loves their spouse and children. There are benefits while living but the real reason is to make sure others are financial

21、ly taken care of.One of the first records of life insurance was in Rome. There, groups came together called burial clubs. These were set up by the poor to pay for the funerals of the members and to help the surviving family members financially. The middle ages had associations for the various types

22、of highly skilled labor. There are accounts that show that these guilds helped their members with various types of insurance including life insurance and disability insurance. Life insurance came into its own in England in the late 1600s and became popular from then on. During this time Lloyds of Lo

23、ndon was growing. Lloyds name came from Lloyds Coffee House where insurance was transacted by ship owners with the underwriters who met to put together insurance contracts and other shipping and merchant related business.Some people think of insurance as gambling. It really isnt gambling even though

24、 it has the similarities of probability and odds. Insurance serves a public good of sharing the financial risks of existence and life and death among many to serve those who have experienced a loss.The first life insurance company in the United States started in 1735. This Company was started for th

25、e benefit of Presbyterian （长老会的） ministers families. Life insurance was originally dominated by the mutual life insurance companies. These are life insurance companies that are owned by the policyholders and thus those policy owners receive their pro-rata（按比例的）share of the companys profits. There ar

26、e also stock life insurance companies where the profits are made for the benefit of the stockholders. Similar to the mutual life insurance companies are fraternal（互助会的）life insurance companies which were started by the various fraternal orders to assist their members. Today the insurance business ha

27、s evolved to a multi-faceted business with various programs and numerous distribution methods. The internet and the insurance industry is in its infancy with most insurance companies having a web site and now with web sites able to do life insurance quotes online such as which also has educational p

28、ages where you can learn about the types of life insurance including whole life insurance, term life insurance and survivorship life insurance.There are choices today that differ greatly from the choices of even a few years ago. The internet has made information on life insurance accessible just as

29、any subject. But you still need the right knowledge. That may come from a qualified insurance agent who knows their business or from a great life insurance or disability insurance web site that provides great information for you to study.1. Whats the main purposes of the burial clubs”？2. What does t

30、he word “underwriters” in Paragraph 2 mean?3. What makes life insurance different from gambling?4. What kind of life insurance companies did dominate the premier market in the U.S.?5. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?问题1选项A.To help the families of their dead members.B.To provide life insu

31、rance and disability insurance.C.To be beneficial to the shareholder.D.To make profits for the club members.问题2选项A.The owners of the shipped cargoB.Insurance companies or their agentsC.The clerks of the ship companiesD.Lloyd insurance companys agents问题3选项A.Life insurance depends on probability and o

32、ddsB.Life insurance benefits those who buy itC.Life insurance cares for othersD.Life insurance makes many people share the burden问题4选项A.Burial clubs in various guildsB.Fraternal life insurance companiesC.Stock life insurance companiesD.Mutual life insurance companies问题5选项A.A qualified insurance agen

33、t knows insurance business wellB.Insurance choices are different between now and the pastC.We should have our life insured on lineD.We should choose the right website to learn about insurance【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“丧葬社团俱乐部的主要目的是什么？”文章第二段第三句话提到“这些俱乐部是由穷人设立，用来支付其成员的丧葬和在经济上帮助活着的家

34、庭成员”（These were set up by the poor to pay for the funerals of the members and to help the surviving family members financially），因此选项A“帮助死者的家人”符合题意。2.词义题。题目问的是“第二段中出现的单词underwriters是什么意思？”文章第二段最后一句提到who引导的定语从句用来解释说明underwriters，是把保险合同和其他船舶及商船相关的业务放在一起的人（ who met to put together insurance contracts an

35、d other shipping and merchant related business），因此选项B“保险公司的代理”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“是什么让人寿保险与赌博不同？”文章第一段第一句话提到“人寿保险体现了人类最优秀的品质之一关心他人”（Life insurance reflects one of the best parts of human beings, caring for others），第三段最后一句提到“保险服务于公众利益，它通过在很多人中间分担生存、生活和死亡的经济风险来服务那些遭受损失的人”（Insurance serves a public good

36、 of sharing the financial risks of existence and life and death among many to serve those who have experienced a loss），由此可知选项C“人寿保险关心他人”符合题意。4.考查细节事实题。题目问的是“什么样的寿险公司主宰了美国的主要市场?”文章第四段提到“人寿保险最初是被互惠人寿保险公司支配的”（Life insurance was originally dominated by the mutual life insurance companies），因此选项D符合题意。5.主旨

37、大意题。题目问的是“最后一段的大意是什么？”文章最后一段的中心句是第一句话There are choices today that differ greatly from the choices of even a few years ago（今天的保险选择跟几年前的大不相同），因此选项B符合题意。5. 不定项选择题Mobility of individual members and family groups tends to split up family relationships.Occasionally the movement of a family away from a sit

38、uation which has been the source of friction results in greater family organization, but on the whole mobility is disorganizing.Individuals and families are involved in three types of mobility: movement in space, movement up or down in social status, and the movement of ideas. These are termed respe

39、ctively spatial, vertical, and ideational mobility.A great increase in spatial mobility has gone along with improvements in rail and water transportation, the invention and use of the automobile, and the availability of airplane passenger service. Spatial mobility results in a decline in the importa

40、nce of the traditional home with its emphasis on family continuity and stability. It also means that when individual family members or the family as a whole move away from a community, the person or the family is removed from the pressures of relatives, friends, and community institutions and stabil

41、ity. Even more important is the fact that spatial mobility permits some members of a family to come in contact with and possibly adopt attitudes, values, and ways of thinking different from those held by other family members. The presence of different attitudes, values, and ways of thinking within a

42、 family may, and often does, result in conflict and family disorganization. Potential disorganization is present in those families in which the husband, wife, and children are spatially separated over a long period, or are living together but see each other only briefly because of different work sch

43、edules.One index of the increase in vertical mobility is the great increase in the proportion of sons, and to some extent daughters, who engage in occupations other than those of the parents.Another index of vertical mobility is the degree of intermarriage between racial classes. This occurs almost

44、exclusively between classes which are adjacent to each other. Engaging in a different occupation, or intermarriage, like spatial mobility, allows one to come in contact with ways of behavior different from those of the parental home, and tends to separate parents and their children.The increase in i

45、deational mobility is measured by the increase in publications, such as newspapers, periodicals, and books, the increase in the percentage of the population owning radios, and the increase in television sets. All these tend to introduce new ideas into the home.When individual family members are expo

46、sed to and adopt the new ideas, the tendency is for conflict to arise and for those in conflict to become psychologically separated from each other.1. Intermarriage and different occupations play an important role in family disorganization because（ ）.2. Which of the following statements is TRUE abou

47、t people living in a traditional family according to the passage?3. Which of the following statements can summarize the passage?4. Potential disorganization exists in those families in which（ ）.5. This passage suggests that a well-organized family is a family whose members（ ）.问题1选项A.they permit one

48、to come into contact with different ways of behavior and thinkingB.they enable the children to travel around without their parents permissionC.they allow one to find a good job and improve ones social statusD.they enable the children to better understand the ways of behavior of their parents问题2选项A.T

49、hey are less likely to quarrel with others because of conventionality and stability.B.They have to depend on their relatives and friends if they do not move away from it.C.They will have more freedom of action and thought if they move away from it.D.They can get more help from their family members i

50、f they are in trouble.问题3选项A.Social development results in a decline in the importance of traditional families.B.The movement of a family is one of the factors in raising its social status.C.Potential disorganization is present in the American family.D.Family disorganization is more or less the resu

51、lt of mobility.问题4选项A.both parents have to work full timeB.the husband, wife, and children work too hardC.the husband, wife, and children seldom get togetherD.the family members are subject to social pressures问题5选项A.never quarrel with each other even when they disagreeB.are not psychologically withd

52、rawn from one anotherC.often help each other with true love and affectionD.are exposed to the same new ideas introduced by books, radios, and TV sets【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:客观细节题。由题干关键词“Intermarriage and different occupations”可以定位到文章第六段最后一句Engaging in a different occupation, or intermar

53、riage, like spatial mobility, allows one to come in contact with ways of behavior different from those of the parental home, and tends to separate parents and their children.（从事不同的职业或通婚，就像空间流动一样，会让人接触到不同于父母家的行为方式，并有可能让父母和孩子分开。），说明从事不同的职业或通婚会让人接触到不同的行为方式。因此A选项“它们使人能够接触到不同的行为方式和思维方式”正确。B选项“使孩子们能够在未经父母

54、允许的情况下四处旅行”，C选项“能让人找到一份好工作，提高自己的社会地位”，D选项“能让孩子更好地理解父母的行为方式”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。第2题:推理判断题。由题干关键词“traditional family”可以定位到文章第四段第二句Spatial mobility results in a decline in the importance of the traditional home with its emphasis on family continuity and stability.（空间的流动性导致了传统家庭的重要性下降，传统家庭强调家庭的连续性和稳定性。），

55、说明传统家庭十分注重家庭连续性和稳定性，接着第四、五句说到Even more important is the fact that spatial mobility permits some members of a family to come in contact with and possibly adopt attitudes, values, and ways of thinking different from those held by other family members. The presence of different attitudes, values, and w

56、ays of thinking within a family may, and often does, result in conflict and family disorganization.（更重要的是，空间的流动性使一些家庭成员能够接触到并可能采取不同于其他家庭成员的态度、价值观和思维方式。在一个家庭中存在不同的态度、价值观和思维方式可能，而且经常会导致冲突和家庭混乱。），说明空间的流动性让部分家庭成员接触并采纳了其他家庭不同的态度、价值观和思考方式，这会导致家庭的冲突和混乱，而传统家庭是反对空间流动性的，那么也就不容易出现冲突、争吵的现象。因此A选项“因为传统和稳定性，他们不太可能

57、与他人争吵”正确。C选项“如果他们离开传统家庭，会有更多的行动和思想自由”，文中提到的态度、价值观和思维方式只涉及了思想方面可能产生的变化，而没有提到行动上的，所以C错误。B选项“他们如果不搬离传统家庭，就必须依靠亲戚朋友”，D选项“如果他们遇到困难，可以从家人那里得到更多的帮助”在文中均没有提及，所以B，D错误。第3题:主旨大意题。文章首句说到Mobility of individual members and family groups tends to split up family relationships.（个体成员和家庭群体的流动性往往会导致家庭关系的破裂。）这是文章的主旨句，句

58、中的split up family relationships（家庭关系破裂）是mobility（流动性）导致的结果，且与后文的disorganizing（无组织化）相对应，接下来全文都围绕着这一句展开论述，阐述流动性是如何导致家庭关系破裂的。因此D选项“家庭的无组织化或多或少是流动性的结果”最能概括文章主旨。A选项“社会发展导致传统家庭的重要性下降”在文中没有提及，所以A错误。B选项“家庭的流动性是提高其社会地位的因素之一”颠倒了因果关系，应该是社会地位的变化导致了家庭的流动性，所以B错误。C选项“美国家庭中存在潜在的混乱现象”只是文中提及的一个现象，不能全面概括文章主旨，所以C错误。第4题

59、:推理判断题。由题干关键词“Potential disorganization”可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Potential disorganization is present in those families in which the husband, wife, and children are spatially separated over a long period, or are living together but see each other only briefly because of different work schedules.（在一些家庭中，丈夫、妻子和孩

60、子长时间在空间上分开，或者虽然住在一起但因为工作安排不同而只能短暂地见面，这些家庭就存在潜在的混乱。），说明潜在的混乱存在于那些丈夫、妻子和孩子很少见面的家庭中。因此C选项“丈夫、妻子、孩子很少在一起”正确。A选项“父母都要全职工作”，D选项“家庭成员要承受社会压力”在文中均没有提及，所以A，D错误。B选项“丈夫、妻子、孩子工作太辛苦了”，原文只提到了不同的工作安排，并未提到工作太辛苦，所以B错误。第5题:推理判断题。文章中提到了三种流动性使家庭变得无组织化，第四段提到spatial mobility（空间的流动性）导致了conflict and family disorganization（

61、冲突与家庭混乱），第六段提到vertical mobilitytends to separate parents and their children（垂直的流动性可能会让父母和孩子分开），第八段提到When individual family members are exposed to and adopt the new ideas, the tendency is for conflict to arise and for those in conflict to become psychologically separated from each other.（当个别家庭成员接触和采用

62、新观念时，冲突倾向就会产生，冲突中的人在心理上就会彼此分离。），说明空间的流动性、垂直的流动性和思想的流动性会使家庭变得无组织化，由此可以逆向推断出有组织性的家庭不会出现以上问题，即家庭成员之间不会有隔阂。因此B选项“彼此之间没有心理上的隔阂”正确。C选项“常以真情相助，感情深厚”没有涉及问题的实质，所以C错误。A选项“即使意见不一致，也不会相互争吵”，D选项“接触到的都是书本、收音机、电视机所介绍的新思想”表述都过于绝对，所以A，D错误。6. 单选题Though I had tried to explain it as clearly as possible, my expectation

63、seemed not to（ ）.问题1选项A.get downB.get acrossC.get alongD.get up【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。get down “吞下，使沮丧”; get across “通过；使被理解”； get along “与和睦相处”；get up “起床”。根据though这个词可知前后有一个转折关系，前半句提到“我尽可能的将问题解释清楚”，所以后半句的意思与之形成对比，因此选项B符合题意。7. 单选题Shams and delusions are esteemed for soundest truths, while reality is fabul

64、ous. If men would steadily observe realities only, and not allow themselves to be deluded, life, to compare it with such things as we know, would be like a fairy tale and the Arabian Nights5 Entertainments. If we respected only what is inevitable and has a right to be, music and poetry would resound along the streets. When we are unhurried and wise, we perceive that only great and