2022年考博英语-东北大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷1

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1、2022年考博英语-东北大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题A good referee has to be （ ）_ in the outcome of a football game, or else he may try to make calls that favor one team over another.问题1选项A.contemporaryB.comelyC.disinterestedD.notorious【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项contemporary“当代的；同时代的”；B选项comely“清秀的，标致的”；C选项disintere

2、sted“无私的；公正的；冷漠的；廉洁的”；D选项notorious“声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”。句意：一位好的裁判在足球比赛结果上必须是公正的，否则他可能试图去做出有利于一支球队的裁定。结合句意，故C选项正确。2. 单选题The coast（ ）slowly as our ship sailed out to sea.问题1选项A.recededB.concededC.proceededD.exceeded【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项recede“后退；减弱”；B选项concede“承认；退让；给予”；C选项proceed“开始；继续进行；发生；行进”；D选项exceed“超过；

3、胜过”。句意：这个海岸随着我们的船驶向大海而慢慢地后退。结合此处语义，A选项正确。3. 单选题There was much（ ）among the cyclists after the difficult ride.问题1选项A.camaraderieB.camradeneC.commraderieD.comraderie【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项camaraderie“友情”；B，C和D这三项在英语中不存在。句意：在这个艰难的骑行后，这些骑车者之间产生了很多友情。结合句意，故A选项正确。4. 单选题The contestants had to stay within the（

4、 ）of the playing field or they would be eliminated.问题1选项A.symptomaticB.corollaryC.punditD.parameter【答案】D【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项symptomatic“有症状的；症候的”；B选项corollary“推论；必然的结果”；C选项pundit“专家；博学者；梵文学者”；D选项parameter“参数；起限定作用的因素；界限”。句意：参赛者必须停留在比赛场地的界限内，否则他们将被淘汰。结合此处语义，D选项正确。5. 单选题Fast ReadingNewspapersNewspapers are

5、the original form of broadband communication, a distinction not always recognized in the age of the Internet. Long before we had computers, televisions, radios, telephones and telegraphs, newspapers were the cheapest and most efficient way to reach mass audiences with news, commentary and advertisin

6、g. Newspapers, from their beginnings as hand-printed “broadsheets”, have been a true random-access medium - readers can move easily and quickly through the different sections of a newspaper, returning to them days or even weeks later. And because a newspapers “software” consists of a common language

7、, it possesses a universal and timeless quality.What Did the Growth of TV News Mean to Newspapers?With the growth of television news in the 1960s, newspapers confronted their first formidable competitor. Today, ABC News claims that more Americans get their news from ABC than from any other source an

8、d its probably true. The United States 1,600 daily newspapers continue to serve millions of readers, but newspapers are no longer the countrys dominant mass medium. How to survive and even flourish in a culture more attuned to （吻合）electronic media than to printers ink is the most serious issue facin

9、g the newspaper industry as it enters the 21st century.It is safe to say that newspapers are not about to follow the Morse telegraph into oblivion. Newspapers are a portable convenient medium. No one lugs a computer monitor to the breakfast table to get the morning news. And, newspapers are proving

10、surprisingly adept at reinventing themselves for todays readers by emphasizing good design, color photography and detailed stories that report and interpret current events.What Exactly Is News and How Does It Work?Curiously, for a publication called a newspaper, no one has ever coined a standard def

11、inition of news. But for the most part, news usually falls under one broad classification - the abnormal. It is human folly, mechanical failures and natural disasters that often “make the news”. Reporters are a newspapers front-line eyes and ears. Reporters glean （收集） information from many sources,

12、some public, such as police records, and others private, such as a government informant. Occasionally, a reporter will go to jail rather than reveal the name of a confidential source for a news story. American newspapers proudly consider themselves the fourth branch of government the watchdog branch

13、 that exposes legislative, executive and judicial misbehavior.Some reporters are assigned to beats, or an area of coverage, such as the courts, city hall, education, business, medicine and so forth. Others are called general assignment reporters, which means they are on call for a variety of stories

14、 such as accidents, civic events and human-interest stories. In the movies, reporters have exciting, frenzied （狂热的）and dangerous jobs as they live a famous pronouncement of the newspaper business: “Comfort the afflicted and afflict the comfortable.” Although a few members of the media have been kill

15、ed as a result of investigations into wrongdoing, newspaper work for the great majority of reporters is routine.All reporters are ultimately responsible to an editor. Depending on its size, a newspaper may have numerous editors, beginning with an executive editor responsible for the news division. I

16、mmediately below the executive editor is the managing editor, the person who oversees the day-to-day work of the news division. Other editors sports, photo, state, national, features and obituary（讣告）, for example may also report to the managing editor.However, the best known and in some ways the mos

17、t crucial editor is the city or metro editor. This is the editor that reporters work for directly. The city or metro editor assigns stones, enforces deadlines and is the first to see reporters raw copy on the composition system or computer network. These editors are called gatekeepers, because they

18、control much of what will and will not appear in the next days paper. Often working under the stress of breaking news, their decisions translate directly into the content of the newspaper.Once the city or metro editor has finished editing a reporters raw copy, the story moves from the composition sy

19、stem via the computer network to another part of the news division, the copy desk. Here, copy editors check for spelling and other errors of usage. They may also look for “holes” in the story that would confuse readers or leave their questions unanswered. The copy desk chief routes finished stories

20、to other editors who fit local and wire service stories, headlines （written by the editor not the reporter!） and digital photographs onto pages. Newspapers are increasingly doing this work, called pagination （分页）, with personal computers using software available at any office supply store. Microsoft

21、 Windows, Word and Quark Express are three programs that, though not designed for newspaper production, are easily adapted for it.What Are the Editorial Pages All About?A newspaper publishes its views on current events - both local and national - on its editorial pages. This is where editorials, uns

22、igned commentary that reflects the collective position of the newspapers editorial board, appear. Editorials are not news, but rather reasoned opinion based on facts. For example, editorials may criticize the performance of public officials such as the mayor, the police chief, or the local school bo

23、ard; conversely, editorials may praise others for their civic contributions. Whatever the topic, newspapers hope their editorials will raise the level of community discourse.Two ways this occurs are familiar to any newspaper reader letters to the editor and op-ed articles （a contraction of opposite-

24、editorial page）. Letters are always among the best-read section of any newspaper, for this is where readers express their opinions. Op-ed articles usually run 850 to 1,000 words. Newspapers make space for letters to the editor and op-ed articles freely available as part of their contribution to civi

25、c dialogue.The editorial pages are under the direction of an editor outside the news division. Newspaper people call this “separation of church and state”, meaning there is a line between news and opinion that must not be crossed. To do so strips a newspaper of its most valuable asset - credibility.

26、 For that reason, editorial page editors at some large newspapers report to the publisher, who is the chief executive officer of the company, and not to the executive editor. Other newspapers may have their editorial page editor reporting to the executive editor. Whatever the organizational model, t

27、hough, neither department can tell the other what to publish in the newspaper.How Are Newspapers Distributed?Responsibility for getting the newspaper from the press to the reader falls to the distribution division. Large newspapers publish two, three or even four editions, all of which must be ready

28、 to leave the newspaper plant at a certain time. The first edition, sometimes called the bulldog edition（晨版）, goes to the outer limits of the newspapers circulation area.This may be several counties or even an entire state. Later editions contain progressively fresher news and go to smaller areas. T

29、he final edition, which goes to press after midnight, contains the latest news but covers the smallest geographical area, usually a city.Any subscriber to a daily newspaper knows that it plops （扑通落下）onto the driveway in the wee hours of the morning. Independent contractors called carriers buy copies

30、 of the newspaper at discount and deliver them, using their personal vehicles. The first job for many American youngsters was delivering the afternoon paper in their neighborhood.The circulation department draws the routes that carriers follow. This department is also responsible for rack sales, new

31、spapers that go into coin-operated dispensers （自动售货机）. The circulation department maintains subscribers billing records, stops and starts deliveries upon request, and uses service runners to deliver missing papers.In 18 hours of highly coordinated work carried out by numerous divisions, what newspap

32、er people call a “rough draft of history” as moved through computer systems, imaging （成像） machines and presses, to its final destination - the readers.After 3:30 a.m., few people remain at a newspaper plant. All the other divisions have gone home. The presses have fallen silent, perhaps undergoing m

33、aintenance for the remainder of the night. The sudden silence will not last long. In less than four hours, the newspaper, as it must do 365 days a year, will rouse from its short sleep and start all over again.1. What can best describe the qualities of newspapers now?2. What qualities should Newspap

34、ers possess in order to survive in the competition against other media?3. Todays newspapers pay more attention to the following aspects EXCEPT （ ）.4. Why American newspapers consider themselves “the watchdog branch”?5. What will and will not appear in the next days paper is decided by （ ）.6. What mu

35、st be published on newspapers editorial pages?7. Newspapers make room for letters to the editor and opposite-editorial articles as important devotion to （ ）.问题1选项A.They are original and hand-printed.B.They are the cheapest and most efficient.C.They are universal and everlasting.D.They are the whole

36、worlds dominant mass medium.问题2选项A.Convenience and adaptability.B.Convenience and good design.C.Color photography and adaptability.D.Good design and color photography.问题3选项A.good designB.detailed storiesC.color photographyD.low cost and high income问题4选项A.Because they report and interpret current eve

37、nts.B.Because they uncover legislative, executive and judicial misbehavior.C.Because they report human folly, mechanical failures and natural disasters.D.Because they gather stories such as accidents, civic events and human-interest stories.问题5选项A.the copy editorB.the executive editorC.the managing

38、editorD.the city or metro editor问题6选项A.The criticism of public officials such as the mayor and the police chief.B.The opinions that readers express about the detailed stories.C.Newspapers comments on current events.D.The good deed public officials have done for their civic contributions.问题7选项A.curre

39、nt eventsB.public reportsC.private storiesD.civic dialogue【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D第6题:C第7题:D【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。第一段指出：And because a newspapers “software” consists of a common language, it possesses a universal and timeless quality. （因为报纸的“软件”是由一种共同的语言组成的，所以它具有普遍和无时间限制的特质）。因此C项“它们普遍而永恒”正确。2.【试题解析】

40、判断推理题。第三段讲了报纸是如何求生存：Newspapers are a portable convenient medium（报纸是一种方便携带的媒介），以及：And, newspapers are proving surprisingly adept at reinventing themselves for todays readers by emphasizing good design, color photography and detailed stories that report and interpret current events.（惊人的是，报纸善于打造自身以适应现今

41、的读者，通过注重好的设计，彩色摄影和报告和解释时事的详细报道）。由此可知，报纸为了在竞争中生存应该具备方便和适应性的特点，故选A。3.【试题解析】判断推理题。第三段指出：And, newspapers are proving surprisingly adept at reinventing themselves for todays readers by emphasizing good design, color photography and detailed stories that report and interpret current events. （惊人的是，报纸善于打造自身

42、以适应现今的读者，通过注重好的设计，彩色摄影和报告和解释时事的详细报道）。四个选项中，只有D项“低成本，高收入”未被提及，因此答案选D。4.【试题解析】细节事实题。第四段指出：American newspapers proudly consider themselves the fourth branch of government the watchdog branch that exposes legislative, executive and judicial misbehavior.（美国报纸骄傲的自称为政府第四个分支监察机构这暴露了立法、行政和司法方面的不当行为）。由此可知B项正确

43、。5.【试题解析】细节事实题。第七段指出：These editors are called gatekeepers, because they control much of what will and will not appear in the next days paper.（这些编辑被称作守门人，因为他们控制着第二天报纸上将出现的大多数内容）。由此可知D项正确。6.【试题解析】细节事实题。第九段指出：A newspaper publishes its views on current events - both local and national - on its editorial

44、 pages. （报纸将其关于当地或国内最近事件的观点发表于社论版面里）。由此可知，社论版发表对最近事件的看法。故选C。7.【试题解析】细节事实题。第十段指出：Newspapers make space for letters to the editor and op-ed articles freely available as part of their contribution to civic dialogue.（报纸为读者来信和反对意见的文章腾出地方，是它们为市民对话做出贡献的一部分）。因此，D项“公民对话”正确。6. 单选题According to the newspaper cr

45、itic, the performances at the talent contest last night （ ） from acceptable to excellent.问题1选项A.variedB.recededC.averagedD.declined【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项vary“变化；变异”；B选项recede“后退；减弱”；C选项average“平均为”；D选项decline“下降；衰落；谢绝”。句意：这份报纸的评论家称，昨晚才艺大赛上的表演在从可接受的到极好的范围变化着。结合句意，A选项正确。7. 单选题The childrens hysterical c

46、rying（ ）the woman doctor from completing the examination.问题1选项A.forbadeB.refrainedC.hinderedD.restricted【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项forbid“禁止；不允许”；B选项refrain“克制；避免；制止”；C选项hinder“阻止；打扰”；D选项restrict“限制；约束”。句意：这些孩子们歇斯底里的哭泣阻止这位女医生完成这个检查。结合句意判断出选项C正确。8. 单选题After years of negotiation, an international agreement

47、to conserve species（ ）and ecosystems has finally been adopted.问题1选项A.ventilatedB.imperiledC.utilizedD.modulated【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项ventilated“通风的”；B选项imperiled“处于危险中的”；C选项utilized“被利用的”；D选项modulated“已调的；被调的”。句意：经过多年的谈判，一项保护处于危险中的物种和生态系统的国际协议最终被采用。结合句意，B选项正确。9. 单选题A popular way of keeping fit is to

48、 go （ ）, which is a kind of slow-to medium-paced running.问题1选项A.trottingB.saunteringC.strollingD.jogging【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项trot“小跑”；B选项saunter“漫步；闲逛”；C选项stroll“漫步；闲逛；巡回演出”；D选项jog“慢跑；轻推，轻撞”。句意：保持健康的流行方式是去慢跑，其是一种缓慢到中等步伐的跑步。结合此处语境，D选项正确。10. 单选题After four years in the same job, his enthusiasm fina

49、lly （ ）.问题1选项A.deterioratedB.dispersedC.dissipatedD.drained【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项deteriorate“恶化，变坏”；B选项disperse“分散；消散”；C选项dissipate“驱散；放荡”；D选项drain“逐渐消失；流干”。句意：在做同样的工作四年后，他的激情逐渐消失了。根据句意可知D选项正确。11. 单选题The local government reduced the tax on petrol as a（ ）to the public outcry.问题1选项A.conceptionB.consens

50、usC.contemptD.concession【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项conception“怀孕；概念；设想”；B选项consensus“一致；舆论；合意”；C选项contempt“轻视，蔑视；耻辱”；D选项concession“让步；承认；退位”。句意：当地政府减少汽油税来当作对公众强烈抗议的让步。根据句意可知D选项正确。12. 单选题Insurance companies provide a service to the community by protecting it against expected and unexpected disasters. Befor

51、e an insurance company will agree to insure anything, it collects accurate figures about the risk. It knows, for example, that the risk of a man being killed in a plane accident is less than the risk he takes in crossing a busy road. This enables it to quote （报价）low figures for travel insurance. Som

52、etimes the risk may be high, as in motor-racing or mountaineering. Then the company charges a much higher price. If too many climbers have accidents, the price rises still further. If the majority of climbers fall off mountains, the company will refuse to insure them.An ordinary householder may wish

53、 to protect his home against fire or his property against burglary. A shop-keeper may wish to insure against theft. In normal cases, the company will check its statistics and quote a premium （保险费）. If it is suspicious, it may refuse to quote. If it insures a shop and then receives a suspicious claim

54、, it will investigate the claim as a means of protecting itself against false claims. It is not unknown for a businessman in debt to burn down his own premises（房产）so that he can claim much money from his insurance company. He can be sure that the fire will be investigated most carefully. Insurance c

55、ompanies also accept insurance against shipwreck or disaster in the air. Planes and ships are very expensive, so a large premium is charged, but a reduction is given to companies with an accident-free record.Every week insurance companies receive premium payments from customers. These payments can f

56、orm a very large total running into millions of dollars. The company does not leave the money in the bank. It invests in property, shares, farms and even antique paintings and stamps. Its aim is to obtain the best possible return on its investment. This is not as greedy as it may seem, since this is

57、 one way by which it can keep its premiums down and continue to make a profit while being of service to the community.1. According to the first paragraph in the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?2. The word “quote”（Line 3, Paragraph 2）most probably means （ ）.3. From the passage, we

58、know that if accidents will happen nine times out of ten or more, the insurance company will （ ）.4. According to the passage, if an air plane has an accident-free record, it usually pays to the insurance company （ ）.5. Which of the following will the insurance company NOT provide insurance service f

59、or?6. How do insurance companies make profit?7. The main idea of the last paragraph is （ ）.问题1选项A.A passenger by air will take less risk of being killed than a man crossing a busy road.B.A passenger by air will take greater risk of being killed than a man crossing a busy road.C.A passenger by air wi

60、ll have to pay more to the insurance company than a mountain climber.D.A motorist should pay the highest price to the insurance company.问题2选项A.receiveB.acceptC.takeD.offer问题3选项A.give a much higher priceB.quote the highest priceC.not provide insurance serviceD.charge a lower premium问题4选项A.a large pre

61、miumB.less premiumC.no premiumD.the same premium as the other companies问题5选项A.Mountaineers.B.Ordinary householders.C.Airlines with an accident free record.D.Shop keepers with suspicious statistical records.问题6选项A.By receiving premium payments from customers.B.By charging commission to customers.C.By

62、 investing in some industries and products.D.By providing services.问题7选项A.that the insurance company is greedy of profitB.that the insurance company makes large sum of money every weekC.that the insurance company makes a great profit by investing its money in different itemD.to show the insurance co

63、mpany makes use of its income and the reason why it should do so【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D第6题:C第7题:D【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。A：一名空中乘客被杀害的风险小于横穿交通繁忙的马路的行人。B：乘飞机的乘客比穿越繁忙道路的人面临更大的死亡风险。第一段指出：It knows, for example, that the risk of a man being killed in a plane accident is less than the risk he takes in crossing a busy road. （例如，它知道一个人在飞机事故中丧生的风险要小于他穿过一条繁忙的马路所冒的风险）。因此A项正确，B项错误。C：一名空中乘客必须比一名爬山者向保险公司支付更高的保费。第一段指出：Sometimes the risk may be hig