2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷39

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1、2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The tryptophan in the Thanksgiving turkey had _ effect, inducing sleep in those who consumed it.问题1选项A.an invigoratingB.depreciatoryC.hypnoticD.lethal【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。A选项an invigorating“使精力充沛的”；B选项depreciatory“贬值的”；C选项hypnotic“有催眠作用的；安眠的”；D选项lethal“致命的”。句意：感恩节火

2、鸡中的色氨酸有_的作用，能让吃火鸡的人入睡。色氨酸可以让人们入睡，可见有让人产生困意的作用，C选项hypnotic“有催眠作用的；安眠的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。2. 写作题Some people tend to study a subject in a very intensive way over a short period of time, while others tend to study a subject constantly over a long period of time. What do you think is a better way of learning?

3、Explain why.【答案】Intensive Learning Is an Efficient Way for Learning3. 单选题The Smiths went into the department store to buy things, leaving their cars engine（ ）over.问题1选项A.tickingB.tumblingC.turningD.running【答案】C【解析】tick over进展缓慢；tumble over打翻；turn over发动；run over复查。句意：史密斯一家到百货公司购物，没有关掉车的引擎。也就是说车的引擎还发

4、动着，选项C符合句意。4. 单选题I _ the meeting yesterday, but some urgent matter prevented me from coming.问题1选项A.ought to attendB.was about to attendC.was to have attendedD.was to attend【答案】C【解析】考查谓语动词。A选项ought to attend“应该参加”；B选项was about to attend“即将参加，正打算参加”；C选项was to have attended“本来要参加（却结果没参加）”；D选项was to att

5、end“将要参加（表示预先安排好的计划或约定）”。句意：我本来打算昨天参加会议的，但有一件紧急的事阻止我前往。根据urgent matter prevented me from coming“紧急的事阻止我前往”可知，我原本想参加会议，C选项was to have attended“本来要参加（却结果没参加）”符合题意。因此C选项正确。5. 单选题In that movie an （ ） spacecraft hovered the city for a shot while before it vanished in the distance.问题1选项A.alienB.animatedC.

6、allergicD.ambiguous【答案】A【解析】alien外国的, 外星人的；animated活生生, 活泼的；allergic对.过敏的；ambiguous模糊不清的。句意：电影中一艘外星人的飞船在城市上空盘旋了一会儿, 然后消失在远处。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题Saving money regularly during ones working years will help to（ ）ones old age from want.问题1选项A.safeguardB.assureC.guardD.guarantee【答案】A【解析】safeguard保护，保卫；assure保证，

7、确保；guard防卫；guarantee保证，担保。safeguard.from.为固定搭配，表示“保护.使免于.”，句意：工作的时候定期存钱，有助于老年时期免受贫困之苦。选项A符合句意。7. 单选题Before the 19th century, there were almost no channels of social （ ）.问题1选项A.mobilityB.availabilityC.adaptabilityD.probability【答案】A【解析】social mobility为固定搭配, 意为“社会流动性”。句意：十九世纪以前几乎不存在社会流动性的渠道。选项A符合语境。8.

8、单选题All types of stress study, whether under laboratory or real-life situations, study mechanisms for increasing the arousal level of the brain.The brain blood flow studies show that reciting the days of the week and months of the year increases blood flow in appreciate areas, whereas problem solving

9、 which demands intense concentration of a reasoning type produces much larger changes in the distribution of blood in the brain.Between these basic studies of brain function and real life situations there is still a considerable gap, but reasonable deduction seems possible to try and understand what

10、 happens to the brain. Life consists of a series of events which may be related to work or to our so-called leisure time. Work may be relatively automaticas with typing, for instance. It requires intense concentration and repetition during the learning phase to establish a pattern in the brain. Then

11、 the typists fingers automatically move to hit the appropriate keys as she reads the words on the copy.However, when she gets tired she makes mistakes much more frequently. To overcome this she has to raise her level of arousal and concentration but beyond a certain point the automaticautomaticity i

12、s lost and thinking about hitting the keys leads to more mistakes.Other jobs involve intense concentration such as holding bottles of wine up to a strong light and turning them upside down to look for particles of dirt falling down. This sounds quite easy but experience teaches that workers can do t

13、his for only about thirty minutes before they start making a mistake. This is partly because the number of occasions with dirt in the bottle is low and the arousal level, therefore, fallsfails. Scientists have shown that devices to raise arousal level will increase the accuracy of looking for relati

14、vely rare events. A recent study of the effect of loss of sleep in young doctors showed that in tests involving a challenge to their medical judgment when short of sleep they raised their arousal level and became better at tests of grammatical reasoning as well.1. According to the brain blood follow

15、 studies problem solving _.2. The author believes that _.3. When a typist gets tired _.4. Examining bottles of wine is hard work because _.5. According to the author, a key factor in the ability to reason is _.问题1选项A.increases blood flow in some areas of the brainB.causes changes in the distribution

16、 of blood in the brainC.demands intense concentration of blood in certain areasD.is based on the ability to recite the time问题2选项A.the results obtained in the laboratory exactly reflects the real-life situationsB.the gap between the laboratory studies and real-life situations is too large to fill upC

17、.the gap between the laboratory studies and real-life situations can be closed by proper reasoningD.the difference between the laboratory studies and real-life situations will be reduced问题3选项A.she has to try hard to raise her automaticB.she can type only automaticallyC.she cannot think about what sh

18、e is doingD.she can seldom type automatically问题4选项A.the bottles must be held upside downB.it is difficult to see the particles of dirtC.it requires high level of automaticD.most bottles are all right问题5选项A.the subjects knowledge of grammarB.the amount of sleep the subject has hadC.the level of arous

19、al of the subjectD.the extent to which the subject has been taught to reason【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段The brain blood flow studies show that.whereas problem solving which demands intense concentration of a reasoning type produces much larger changes in the distribution of

20、 blood in the brain.（大脑血液流动的研究表明，在解决像推理这样的高度集中精力的问题时，大脑的血液分布会发生更大的变化。），所以B选项“引起大脑血液分布的变化”正确。A选项“增加大脑某些区域的血流量”对应第二段“背诵一周中的几天和一年中的几个月会增加相应区域的血流，而在解决像推理这样的高度集中精力的问题时，大脑的血液分布会发生更大的变化”，此处提到增加大脑某些区域的血流量是背诵一些简单的问题，而解决问题需要高度集中精力，便会影响大脑的血液分布情况，属于出处错位；C选项“在某些区域需要高度集中的血液”，文中提到的是高度集中精力的问题，而不是血液，属于曲解原文；D选项“是基于背诵

21、时间的能力”文章没有提到，属于无中生有。2.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段开头Between these basic studies of brain function and real life situations there is still a considerable gap, but reasonable deduction seems possible to try and understand what happens to the brain.（在这些关于大脑功能的基础研究和现实生活情况之间仍然有相当大的差距，但合理的推断似乎有可能尝试和理解大脑发生了什么。），由此可

22、推断出作者认为虽然实验室的研究和现实之间仍有差距，但是通过合理的推断，这种差距可以缩小，所以C选项“实验室研究和现实生活之间的差距可以通过适当的推理来弥补”正确。A选项“实验室得到的结果完全反映了现实情况”对应第三段开头，这里提到了实验室研究与现实生活有很大差距，说明其并不能完全反映现实状况，所以A选项属于反向干扰；B选项“实验室研究和现实生活之间的差距太大了，无法填补”对应第三段开头，文章提到了这种差距可以通过合理的推断缩小，所以B选项也属于反向干扰；D选项“实验室研究和实际情况之间的差异将减少”对应第三段开头，文章讲的是通过合理的推断这种差异才会缩小，该选项并没有体现原文的条件，属于曲解原

23、文。因此C选项正确。3.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段结尾Work may be relatively automaticas with typing, for instance, it requires intense concentration and repetition during the learning phase to establish a pattern in the brain. Then the typists fingers automatically move to hit the appropriate keys as she reads the word

24、s on the copy.（工作可能是相对自动化的，比如打字，在学习阶段需要高度集中和重复，在大脑中建立模式。打字员的手指会自然移动，在她阅读副本上的单词时按下相应的键。）和第四段开头However, when she gets tired she makes mistakes much more frequently. To overcome this she has to raise her level of arousal and concentration but beyond a certain point the automatic is lost and thinking ab

25、out hitting the keys leads to more mistakes.（然而，她在累的时候会更频繁地犯错。为了克服这个问题，她必须提高自己的兴奋和专注水平，但超过一定程度，自动的感觉就会消失，一想到要敲击键盘就会导致更多的错误。），由此可推断出当打字的人累了的时候，她的兴奋和专注水平下降，从而导致她的手指不能自动移动，所以D选项“她很少能自动打字”正确。A选项“她必须努力提高她的自动化水平”以及C选项“她无法思考自己在做什么”文章都没有提到，属于无中生有；B选项“她只能自动打字”对应原文第四段，此处说到她不能自动打字，所以B选项属于反向干扰。因此D选项正确。4.推理判断题。根

26、据题干可定位到文章第五段开头Other jobs involve intense concentration such as holding bottles of wine up to a strong light and turning them upside down to look for particles of dirt falling down. This sounds quite easy but experience teaches that workers can do this for only about thirty minutes before they start

27、making a mistake. This is partly because the number of occasions with dirt in the bottle is low and the arousal level, therefore, fails.（还有一些工作需要高度集中注意力，比如把酒瓶举到强光下，然后把酒瓶倒过来看有没有落下的灰尘颗粒。这听起来很容易，但经验告诉我们，工人们只需要30分钟就会犯错误。这部分是因为瓶子里有灰尘的次数很低，因此唤醒水平也不高。），由此可推断出检查酒瓶这项工作困难的原因是大多数瓶子都没问题，所以唤醒水平降低，从而导致人们容易出错，D选项“

28、大多数瓶子都没问题”正确。A选项“瓶子必须倒置”对应第五段，虽然文章有提到，但是与题干无关，属于出处错位；B选项“泥垢很难被看清”和C选项“它需要高水平的自动化”文章没有提到，属于无中生有。因此D选项正确。5.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段结尾A recent study of the effect of loss of sleep in young doctors showed that in tests involving a challenge to their medical judgment when short of sleep they raised their aro

29、usal level and became better at tests of grammatical reasoning as well.（最近一项关于年轻医生睡眠不足影响的研究表明，当睡眠不足时，在涉及挑战他们医学判断的测试中，他们提高了觉醒水平，在语法推理测试中也表现得更好。），由此可推断出推理能力的一个关键因素是主体的觉醒水平，所以C选项“主体的觉醒水平”说法正确。A选项“主体的语法知识”文章没有提到，属于无中生有；B选项“受试者的睡眠量”对应文章结尾，虽然有提到，但与题干无关，属于出处错位；D选项“主体被教导去推理的程度”文章没有提到，属于无中生有。因此C选项正确。9. 单选题In

30、creased （ ）can release the workers for other tasks.问题1选项A.efficiencyB.effectC.effectivenessD.effort【答案】A【解析】句意：提高工作效率可以使工人们有更多的时间做其他的任务。选项A符合语境。10. 单选题He is the only person who can（ ） in this case because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.问题1选项A.testifyB.chargeC.accuseD.rectify【答案】A【解析】te

31、stify作证；charge负责；accuse指控；rectify改正。句意：句意：他是唯一能为这个案件作证的人，因为其他证人都被神秘杀害了。选项A符合句意。11. 单选题The research in areas of human _ and exploration suggests that these characteristics arise from both intrinsic motivations or drives to gain information and extrinsic explorative behavior.问题1选项A.orderlinessB.curios

32、ityC.innocenceD.shyness【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项orderliness“整洁，整齐；秩序井然”；B选项curiosity“好奇，好奇心；珍品，古董，古玩”；C选项innocence“清白，无罪；天真无邪”；D选项shyness“羞怯”。句意：人类_和探索领域的研究表明，这些特征来自于获取信息的内在动机或驱动，以及外在的探索行为。横线处与后面的“探索领域”是并列主语，与获取信息和探索对应度最高的是好奇心，B选项curiosity“好奇，好奇心”符合题意。因此B选项正确。12. 单选题The child is _ all the evidence for his

33、 opinion.问题1选项A.not encourage either to be critical for his opinionB.encouraged either to be critical nor to examineC.either encouraged to be critical or to examineD.neither encouraged to be critical nor to examine【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意：孩子_被鼓励批判，_被鼓励检验支持他的观点的所有证据。A、B选项用法错误；C选项eitheror“要么要么”；D选项nei

34、thernor“既不也不”。批判和检验都有判断是非对错的含义，属于同样的意思，D选项neithernor比较符合题意。因此D选项正确。13. 单选题The virus is usually blood-borne and may _ almost any organ in the body.问题1选项A.patronizeB.infectC.engraveD.enroll【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项patronize“屈尊对待；赞助”；B选项infect“感染”；C选项engrave“在上雕刻（字或图案）”；D选项enroll“注册”。句意：这种病毒通常是血液传播的，可以_几乎身体的

35、任何器官。横线处和organ“器官”形成动宾关系，病毒感染身体，B选项infect“感染”符合题意。因此B选项正确。14. 单选题Polio has been so effectively suppressed by vaccination programs that most doctors have never encountered its symptoms; in fact, when the rare patient today is _ with the polio virus, doctors are likely to misdiagnose the illness.问题1选项

36、A.affectedB.exposedC.engagedD.afflicted【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。A选项affected“假装的，做作的”；B选项exposed“（地方）不遮挡风雨的；（人）易受攻击（或批评）的”，be exposed to“受攻击”；C选项engaged“正从事的”；D选项afflicted“受困扰的”，be afflicted with“患病”。句意：小儿麻痹症已经因为疫苗接种计划有效地抑制住了，以至于大多数医生从未遇到过其症状；事实上，当如今患者中罕见_小儿麻痹症时，医生很可能会误诊。小儿麻痹症现在已经很少见了，以至于碰到患有小儿麻痹症的患者，医生很可能会误诊

37、，D选项afflicted“受困扰的”符合题意。因此D选项正确。15. 单选题At last she left her house and hurried to the airport only _ the plane flying away.问题1选项A.sawB.seenC.seeingD.to see【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：最后她离开了家，匆忙赶往机场，却只看见飞机飞走了。only+现在分词（短语）和only+不定式（短语）都可作结果状语，跟现在分词往往表示一种自然的合乎逻辑的结果，而跟不定式往往表示一种出乎意料的或令人失望的结果，仅限于少数终止性动词，如find，hea

38、r，learn，make，see等。only到句尾部分是结果状语，匆忙赶往机场却未能如愿登机，是令人失望的结果，D选项to see符合题意。A选项saw是一般过去时，作谓语动词，不作非谓语动词；B选项seen是过去分词，不单独使用；C选项only seeing表示合乎逻辑的结果，含有意料之中的意思，不存在失望的情况，不符合语境。因此D选项正确。16. 单选题The sunrise as seen from the top of Mount Tai is tremendous（ ）.问题1选项A.sceneryB.spectacleC.grandeurD.landscape【答案】B【解析】sc

39、enery风景，景色；spectacle奇观，壮观；grandeur壮丽，庄严，宏伟；landscape 风景，山水画。句意：从泰山顶上看日出是一幅壮观的景象。选项C一般指建筑，所以选项B更符合语境。17. 单选题A cycle ride walk or swim at least three times a week will _ your circulation and help maintain a healthy bloom.问题1选项A.boostB.heightenC.compelD.renew【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项boost“促进”；B选项heighten“提高”

40、；C选项compel“强迫”；D选项renew“更换；重新开始”。句意：每周至少骑三次自行车，散步或游泳，可以_你的血液循环，帮助保持健康的血液循环。横线处和your circulation“你的血液循环”形成动宾关系，只有A选项boost“促进”符合题意。因此A选项正确。18. 单选题In times of economic difficulty, corporate budgets for research development are often（ ）before any others.问题1选项A.shiftedB.examinedC.slashedD.presented【答案】C【

41、解析】shift转移, 变换；examine检查；slash削减；present提出, 呈现。句意：在经济困难时期, 企业的研究开发预算往往比其他任何时候都要先削减。选项C符合句意。19. 单选题Companies spend millions of dollars on ads and commercials, trying to（ ）the American public into purchasing their products.问题1选项A.misplaceB.mockC.maneuverD.manifest【答案】C【解析】misplace放错地方；mock嘲笑；maneuver

42、调动, 调遣；manifest证明, 显示。句意：公司花费数百万美元在广告和商业上, 试图调动美国民众购买他们的产品。选项C符合句意。20. 单选题Her 30-year study of the Gombe National Park chimpanzees is the largest continuous field project ever recorded. It has made herand the chimpanzeesa living _, earning her honorary degrees, doctorates and wildlife conservation awards all over the world.问题1选项A.legendB.specimenC.maximumD.document【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项legend“传奇”；B选项specimen“样本”；C选项maximum“最大限度”；D选项document“文件”。句意：她花了30年研究贡贝国家公园里的黑猩猩，是有记录以来规模最大的连续野外研究项目。这让她和黑猩猩们成为活生生的_，并获得了世界各地的荣誉学位、博士学位和野生动物保护奖。这个项目是有记录以来规模最大的连续野外研究项目，超出了人们的想象，A选项legend“传奇”符合题意。因此A选项正确。