2022年考博英语-湖南大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷27

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1、2022年考博英语-湖南大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题=He knew that he would be punished severely because of his serious error. Therefore he（ ） away the day before yesterday.问题1选项A.cautionedB.fledC.chatteredD.civilized【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。句意: 他知道自己犯了很严重的错误，会受到严厉的责罚，因此，他前天就逃了。flee away逃离。2. 单选题The multi-billion-dollar We

2、stern pop music industiy is under fire. It is being blamed by the United Nations for the dramatic rise in drug abuse worldwide. “The most worrisome development is a culture of drug-friendliness that seems to be gaining prominence，” said the UNs 13-member International Narcotics Control Board in a re

3、port released in late February 1998.The 74-page study says that pop music, as a global industry, is by far the most influential trend-setter for young people of most cultures. “Some lyrics advocate the smoking of marijuana(大麻)or taking other drugs, and certain pop stars make statements and set examp

4、les as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a persons lifestyle,” the study says.Surprisingly, says the Board, the effect of drug-friendly pop music seems to survive despite the occasional shock of death by overdose. “Such incidents tend to be seen as a

5、n occasion to mourn the loss of a role model, and not an opportunity to confront the deadly effect of recreational drug use，” it notes. Since the 1970s, several internationally famous singers and movie starsincluding Elivis Presley, Janice Joplin, John Belushi, Jimi Hendrix, Jonathan Melvin and Andy

6、 Gibbs-have died of either drug abuse or drug related illnesses. With the globalization of popular music, messages tolerating or promoting drug abuse are now reaching beyond their countries of origin. “In most countries, the names of certain pop stars have become familiar to the members of every hou

7、sehold,” the study says.The UN study also blames the media for its description of certain drug issues-especially the use of marijuana and issues of liberalization and legalization, which encourages, rather than prevents, drug abuse. “Over the last years, we have seen how drug abuse is increasingly r

8、egarded as being acceptable or even attractive,” says Hamid Ghodse, president of the Board. “Powerful pressure groups run political campaigns aimed at legalizing controlled drugs，” he says. Ghodse also points out that all these developments have created an environment which is tolerant of or even fa

9、vorable to drug abuse and spoils international drug prevention efforts currently underway.The present study, he says, focuses on the issue of demand reduction and prevention within an environment that has become tolerant of drug abuse. The Board calls on governments to do their legal and moral dutie

10、s, and to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture to which young people increasingly are being exposed.1.Which of the following statements does the author tend to agree with?2.The italicized phrase “under fire (Par. 1, sentence 1) means（ ） .3.Under the influence of drug-friendly pop m

11、usic, what might the youth think of the death of some pop stars caused by overdose?4.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a factor that has contributed to creating an environment tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse?5.The pop music （ ）.问题1选项A.The use of drugs for non-medi

12、cinal purposes is an acceptable part of a persons life style.B.The spreading of pop music may cause the drug abuse to go beyond the boundaries of the country.C.No efforts have been made to prevent the spreading of drug abuse.D.The governments have no ability to act against the pro-drug messages of t

13、he youth culture.问题2选项A.in an urgent situationB.facing some problemsC.being criticizedD.quite popular m问题3选项A.They tend to mourn the pop stars as role models.B.They are shocked to know even pop stars may abuse drugs.C.They try to confront the deadly effect of “recreational” drug use.D.They may stop

14、abusing the drugs.问题4选项A.The spreading of pop music.B.The media.C.The low price of some drugs.D.Political campaigns run by powerful pressure groups.问题5选项A.has a great influence on young people of most culturesB.only appeals to a small number of young people.C.is not a profitable industry.D.is the on

15、ly culprit responsible for drug abuse.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节题。第三段：.messages tolerating or promoting drug abuse are now reaching beyond their countries of origin容忍或推动吸毒的资讯也超出了原来的国界。故选C(没有采取措施防止药物滥用的蔓延)。2.语义题。此句后面紧接着说: It is being blamed by the United Nations (受到联合国的谴责), 由此推测under fire意

16、为 “受到严厉批评，遭到攻击”。3.细节题。第三段：Such incidents tend to be seen as an occasion to mourn the loss of a role model, and not an opportunity to confront the deadly effect ofrecreationaldrug use (这类事件往往只让人哀悼失去榜样，而不让人正视“娱乐性”吸毒的致命后果)。故选A。4.细节题。题干问的是:下列哪个选项不是有助于创造一个包容的甚至有利于药物滥用的环境的因素？A项(流行音乐的传播)显然是原因之一。第四段：The UN

17、study also blames the media for its description of certain drug：联合国的研究也谴责媒体对流行音乐圈药物滥用现象过多报道，B正确。第四段：.Powerful pressure groups run political campaigns aimed at legalizing controlled drugs：许多有实力的集团开始发起政治运动，来使得被控制的药品合法化。D正确。只有C项未被提及。5.细节题。第二段：.pop music, as a global industry, is by far the most influen

18、tial trend-setter for young people of most cultures(作为全球性产业，流行音乐是大部分青年文化局潮流具影响力的引导者), 故A正确。3. 单选题This project would （ ）a huge increase in defense spending.问题1选项A.resultB.assureC.entailD.accomplish【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。句意: 这个项目必须要 在国防上的开支。Result导致; assure 保证, 使某人相信; entail使. 是必需的; accomplish完成, 实现 (目标)，多用于完成

19、某项任务或目标。因此C项符合句意。4. 单选题Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jefferson contented that the country should remain chiefly agricultural.问题1选项A.inclinedB.struggledC.arguedD.competed【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。汉密尔顿希望建立一个工业化国家，而杰佛逊则认为农业是国之根本。incline 倾斜，点头，易于。struggle 奋斗，努力。argue 主张，认为。compete 竞争，比赛。content赞成。故选C。

20、5. 单选题（ ）It was after the failure of this attempt that he to force.问题1选项A.resolvedB.recurredC.exertedD.resorted【答案】D【解析】动词辨析。句意: 自那次试验失败后，他诉诸武力。resolve:决心，分解;recur:复发，重视，再发生;exert: 运用，发挥。resort:求助，诉诸。此句是个强调句型，强调是状语。Resort to诉诸,求助于。故D项符合句意。6. 单选题Mr. Li is the present （ ）of the presidential chair of t

21、he company.问题1选项A.transactionB.prescriptionC.professorD.incumbent【答案】D【解析】名词辨析。句意: 李先生现任公司总裁。transaction交易；事务；办理。 prescription药方；指示；惯例。professor教授；教师。incumbent在职者；现任者 。7. 单选题The evil manners would be （ ）root and branch due to the forceful action taken by the local government.问题1选项A.exterminatedB.exe

22、mplifiedC.facilitatedD.emitted【答案】A【解析】动词辨析。句意: 由于地方政府的强力措施，坏习惯会终究被根除。exterminate消灭；根除。 exemplify例证；例示。 facilitate促进； 帮助；使容易。emit发出，放射；发行；发表。8. 单选题In winter drivers have trouble stopping their cars from（ ） on icy roads.问题1选项A.skatingB.skiddingC.slidingD.slipping【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。句意: 司机冬天在结冰的路面上停车不 是件困难的

23、事情。Skating滑冰(娱乐活动或体育竞技项目); skidding侧滑，打滑; sliding滑动, 多以人为主语，形容某物顺利无阻碍地滑行; slip滑倒。此处指车辆打滑,故选B。9. 单选题In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man i

24、mposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in order respects, appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence-as if it were a legitimate s

25、olution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the reco

26、rded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learned that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. Not solution ever comes to light the morning

27、after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wound what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous

28、 things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living -standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution.

29、Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us.

30、 Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each others problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communi

31、cation, in exchanging information. “Talk, talk, talk，”the advocate of violence say, “all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.” Its rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained th

32、at after all this talk, he was none the wiser. “Possible, my lord,” the barrister replied, “none the wiser, but surely far better informed.” Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.1. What is the best title for this passag

33、e?2.Recorded history has taught us （ ）.3.It can be inferred that truly reasonable men（ ） .4.“He was none the wiser” means （ ）.5.According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is（ ） .问题1选项A.Advocating Violence.B.Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.C.Important People on Both

34、Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.D.The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.问题2选项A.violence never solves anything.B.nothing.C.the bloodshed means nothing.D.everything.问题3选项A.cant get a hearing.B.are looked down upon.C.Have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.D.are persecu

35、ted.问题4选项A.he was not at all wise in listening.B.he was not at all wiser than nothing before.C.he gains nothing after listening.D.he makes no sense of the argument.问题5选项A.Law enforcementB.KnowledgeC.Mopping up the violent messD.nonviolence【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。B项(暴力难以消除种族偏见)适合做文章标

36、题。2.细节题。第一段指出: The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing (人类的整个历史记录，那冗长乏味的暴力记录，完全没有教给我们任何东西)，故选B。3.推断题。第二段指出: 真正有理智的人鼓吹法制，遭到同类们的轻视、不信任和迫害。他们发现要人倾听他们的意见越来越困难。D项是对A,B,C三项的总结。4.语义题。None the wiser字面意思是 “点也不比以前聪明”。5.细节题。第

37、二段指出: 如果我们在法律的构架中进行工作，真正的持久的解决总是能实现的。因此推断作者认为, 法制是消灭种族歧视的办法。10. 翻译题现在我们面临健康研究中的四大挑战：道德价值、公平和美德、可持续的健康研究体系、良好的研究环境及知识的产生和应用。为了应对挑战，保健体系和健康研究体系两者应向一个学习和解决问题的模式推进，把创新包括进运作之中，更好地把握未来发展 的机遇。没有效果明显的锦囊妙计，没有简单的解决办法，只是有许多事情要去学习。【答案】Now we are faced with four key challenges for health research: values of ethi

38、cs, equity and excellence, sustainable health research systems, favorable research environment, and knowledge creation and application. To cope with challenge, health system and health research systems together should move into a learning and problem-solving mode, integrate innovation into their ope

39、rations and better manage opportunities for future growth and development. There are no quick fixes, no simple solutions and there are a lot of things remain to be learnt.11. 单选题His work shed provocative yet necessary light on an important way to slow the spread of this virus.问题1选项A.provisionalB.sed

40、uctiveC.disturbingD.insulting【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析。句意: 他的工作就是着手放缓这种病毒的传播。provisional:临时的,暂定的。seductive:诱人的，有魅力的。disturbing：干扰的，令人不安的,骚扰的(与画线词provocative:挑衅的，煽动的，意思相近)。 insulting:侮辱的，无礼的。12. 单选题This book should be well-recommended within the （ ）of anyone who has studied English for four years.问题1选项A.possess

41、ionB.competenceC.confidenceD.qualification【答案】D【解析】名词辨析。句意: 应向学过四年英语的人力荐这本书。possession:拥有，所有,个人财产。competence:能力，胜任,本领。confidence: 信心。qualification:资格，条件。13. 单选题The police have offered a large（ ） for information leading to the robbers arrest.问题1选项A.awardB.compensationC.prizeD.reward【答案】D【解析】名词辨析。句意:

42、为抓捕逃犯提供信息，警方将 高额赏金。award 奖金，奖学金，通常与一 段时间的成绩和表现相关；compensation 补偿，赔偿，一般与损失相关； prize 奖赏，奖金，一般与竞赛或比赛相关；reward 报酬，奖赏，一般与 劳动、服务、支持和帮助相关。14. 单选题Japan is going through a complex national identity crisis. That may be no bad thing, says a new book by an American academic Japanologist. The economy is stalled,

43、 but the society is in motion. Japan is a difficult country to report on and analyze because things do not change in big, noticeable ways; they change in an incremental process, generally of small steps but which, over time, can add up to big movements. And just such a big movement seems to be takin

44、g place.Mr. Nathan, a professor of Japanese cultural studies, has been observing Japan since the 1960s. Whereas most people look at economic data or the comings and goings of prime ministers, he is more interested in schools, novels, comic books, and the minds of young entrepreneurs and maverick loc

45、al politicians. In particular, his focus is on whether Japans famously cohesive, conformist society may be fracturing under the strain of economic stagnation, and on how such strains have been affecting the countrys sense of purpose and of national identity.Fractures are what he looks for and fractu

46、res are what he finds. On balance, they are neither obviously dangerous nor obviously positive, but they are, as he says, signs of motion which could, in time, lead in unpredictable directions. The most worrying fractures he writes about are in the schools, where violence and truancy have risen rema

47、rkably. Old Japan hands shrug wearily at such things, for worries about bullying have long existed but have never really seemed terribly serious. Now, though, Mr. Nathans numbers do make the situation look grave.Since 1998, youths aged between 14 and 19 have been involved in 50% of all arrests for f

48、elonies, including murder. Truancy is also in the up. Mr. Nathan asserts that the true number is 350,000 children, or 5% of the student population.Such trends appear to be symptoms of two related phenomena: a widespread feeling of disillusionment, alienation, uncertainty or plain anger, which has sp

49、read to children too; and a gradual breakdown of old systems of disciplinepart familial, part social, part legal一which appear to prevent schools and parents from dealing effectively with errant children.Japan is, in short, passing through a national identity crisis. There are plenty of positive aspe

50、cts to it too, however. One is a considerable increase in the number of actual or budding young entrepreneurs, a trend especially visible in the willingness of high-flyers to leave good, safe jobs in order to set up their own firms. The numbers remain modest, but are nevertheless surprisingly high g

51、iven the state of the economy in recent years. Another is a new eagerness among popular writers and maverick politicians to try to define and encourage a new national pride.1.What characterizes the social changes in Japanese society is that（ ） .2.It is implied in the second paragraph that（ ）.3.Schoo

52、l violence and truancy in Japan seem to be（ ） .4.The reason behind school violence and truancy in Japan seems to be that （ ）.5.What is the best title for this passage?问题1选项A.they are often accompanied by a national identity crisisB.they often take place in major scale but end up in small effectC.the

53、y often happen humbly while producing huge accumulative consequencesD.they often take place without being analyzed and reported due to their complexity问题2选项A.Japan is undergoing a serious political instabilityB.a static economy might have a negative influence on societyC.most people in Japan are und

54、er severe mental strainD.many people suffer from a fracture due to their job pressure问题3选项A.tiring Japanese parents up for a long timeB.not as serious as most Japanese have imaginedC.quickly on the increase especially in recent yearsD.obviously endangering the safety of Japanese students问题4选项A.schoo

55、l and parents do not want to deal with errant children effectivelyB.economic stagnation has reduced parents time to communicate with their childrenC.youths bullying has already become a popular practice for students and they find it excitingD.children are infected with problem in the adult world and

56、 rules are not strict enough问题5选项A.Solutions to Youths Crimes in Japan.B.The Japanese National Identity CrisisC.School Violence and Truancy in Japan.D.Economic and Social Changes in Japan.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.推断题。第一段：.Japan is a difficult country to report on and analyze because things

57、 do not change in big, noticeable ways (其实很难报道日本和分析日本，因为在日本，事情不是以大规模以及人们可以注意得到的方式发生变化的)。由此推测C项 (通常不起眼地发生，但也会因累积而产生巨大的后果)正确。2.推断题。第二段：In particular, his focus is on whether Japans famouslycohesive, conformist society may be fracturing under the strain of economic stagnation, and on how such strains h

58、ave been affecting the countrys sense of purpose and of national identity.他关注的重点在.日本社会是否在经济停滞的压力下产生裂痕，以及这种压力是怎样影响国家的宗旨和国家特征的。可知，Nathan要研究的就是日本经济停滞是否造成社会裂痕。故选B(停滞的经济可能对社会产生消极影响)。3.细节题。根据题干关键词School violence and truancy定位至第三段: The most worrying fractures he writes about are in the schools, where viole

59、nce and truancy have risen remarkably. Old Japan hands shrug wearily at such things, for worries about bullying have long existed but have never really seemed terribly serious (他有写到最令人担忧的裂痕是在学校，那里的暴力和旷课现象会显著增加。日本家长对这些事情疲倦地耸耸肩，因为对欺凌的担心由来已久，但似乎并没有那么严重)。故A:使日本家长们疲惫很久了。为正确答案。4.推断题。第五段: Such trends appea

60、r to be symptoms of two related phenomena: a widespread feeling of disillusionment, alienation, uncertainty or plain anger, which has spread to children too; and a gradual breakdown of old systems of discipline (这种趋势似乎是两种相关现象的症状：一种普遍的幻灭感、疏离感、不确定感或明显的愤怒感，这种情绪也蔓延到了儿童身上；一种是旧的纪律体系逐渐瓦解), 由此可知,D项(成人的问题影响了

61、孩子，而且规则也不够严格)正确。5.主旨大意题。全文主要是谈论日本经济停滞对社会造成的问题。但是作者认为日本国民认同危机是有利有弊。15. 单选题Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to disco

62、ver what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially,

63、the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly.If these sensitive per