2022年考博英语-扬州大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷13

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1、2022年考博英语-扬州大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Many tourists were（ ）by the citys complicated traffic system.问题1选项A.degradedB.bewilderedC.evokedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。degrade“使降低，使堕落，” ；bewilder“迷惑；把弄糊涂，”；evoke意为“唤起，引起，”；divert意为“转移，分散。”句意：这个城市复杂的交通把许多游客搞得晕头转向。B项符合题意。2. 写作题Directions: Human identity, the i

2、dea that defines each and every one of us, could be facing an unprecedented crisis. It is a crisis that would threaten long-held notions of who we are, what we do and how we behave. According to neuroscientists, this crisis could reshape the way we think, we learn and we interact with each other, al

3、ter what makes us happy, and modify our capacity for reaching our full potential as individuals. It is caused by one simple fact: We are excessively reliant on the use of the information technology. Likewise, the way we traditionally learn and teach in classrooms is under threat from the modern tech

4、nology and fails to attract the post-1990s, who have been negatively stereotyped as a selfish group or labeled as Iphone fans or Wechat-(or QQ-) addicted kids.What do you think of the possible changes that could be made in the Chinese tertiary education to be adapted to the learning needs of the pos

5、t-1990s in the new era of information technology? Write a composition of about 250 words expressing your own opinions. You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)Note: In the first part of your writi

6、ng you should state clearly the thesis statement (i.e., your main argument), and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization

7、, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.【答案】略3. 单选题To his inquiry if she were hurt, she made some incoherent reply（ ）she did not know.问题1选项A.to the point thatB.to the effect thatC.to the extent thatD.to the sense that【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项to

8、 the point that“到.程度”；B选项to the effect that“大意是，意思是”；C选项to the extent that“达到的程度以致；就来说”；D选项to the sense that没有这种表达。句意：对于他问她是否受伤了，她给出了一些语无伦次地回答，大意是她不知道。选项B符合句意。4. 翻译题2. Translate the following into English. (10%)中国政府已做出了重大的努力，动员人民因地制宜地开展改善生态环境的工作。我们还要做出更大的努力来提高人们的环境意识。需要新闻媒体广泛宣传我国的环境政策，普及环境知识，使每一个人投入

9、保护生态环境的行动中去。【答案】The Chinese government has made great efforts to mobilize people to improve ecological environment according to local conditions. We will double our effort to raise people s awareness of environment. The news media are needed to publicize the environmental policy in our country, popu

10、larize the knowledge about environment, making every citizen take an active part in ecological environment protection.5. 翻译题1. Translate the following into Chinese. (10%)Interest in basketball in the United States peaks around three big championship events in the spring: the college championships fo

11、r men and women in late March or early April and the professional playoffs that climax in June. But that s only organized basketball. Informally, the game has been learned by generations of American youths on city playgrounds and schoolyards, on lonely baskets put up in backyards of rural homes and

12、on the driveway basketball courts of countless suburban homes.【答案】美国人对篮球的兴趣在春季三大锦标赛期间达到顶峰。这包括三月底或四月初举行的大学男篮锦标赛和大学女篮锦标赛，以及在六月份进入决赛高潮的职业篮球赛。上面说的只是有组织的正式比赛。在市内的运动场和学校的操场上，在农舍后院的简易篮球筐下，或是在无数市郊住宅的自家车道上划出的篮球场上,一代代的美国青少年在学习打篮球。6. 单选题We offer a wide variety of services to fit your request,（ ）web design, gra

13、phic design, web development, or anything else.问题1选项A.whether they beB.whether it beC.would they beD.would it be【答案】B【解析】考查语法结构。句意：我们提供各种各样的服务，以满足您的要求，无论是网页设计，图形设计，网页开发，或任何其他。根据句意可知，这里表示的是“无论.”，可首先排除选项C和选项D；其次，原句中并列的几个选择性词组都是单数形式，所以这里的代词也应该使用单数，选项B为正确答案。7. 单选题Imagine a world in which there was sudde

14、nly no emotion-a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them

15、 as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exi

16、st: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds (关系) among members of groups. Societys economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work

17、. In fact, there would be no incentives(刺激,动力) of any kind, for as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure t

18、he world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an objects physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us-hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We

19、also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are good and others are bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of

20、our social life-from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society uses our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high reward

21、s to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.1.The reason why people might not be ab

22、le to stay alive in a world without emotion is that（ ）.2.According to the passage, peoples learning activity are possible because they（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on （ ）.4.Emotions are significant for mans survival and adaptation beca

23、use（ ）.5.The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in that they（ ）.问题1选项A.they would not be able to tell the texture of objectsB.they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to themC.they would not be happy with a life without loveD.they would do

24、 things that hurt each others feelings问题2选项A.enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thingB.know what is vital to the progress of societyC.believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay aliveD.benefit from providing help and support to one another问题3选项A.the ability to make moneyB.the capaci

25、ty to workC.the stimulus to workD.the categorizations of our emotional experiences问题4选项A.they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects.B.they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained.C.they encourage people to perform dangerous achie

26、vements.D.they produce more love than hate among people.问题5选项A.help society exploit its members for profitB.encourage us to perform important tasksC.help to perfect the legal and penal systemD.help us to adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。由第一段“

27、People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. 人们可能无法活下去:既不知道快乐也不知道恐惧，他们可能会重复对自己有益的行为，也会重复对自己有害的行为。”言下之意就是人们不知道什么事情对自己有益处，什么事情有害，所以选项B正确。2.推理判断题。由第一段“They could not learn:

28、 they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. 他们无法学习:他们无法从经验中获益，因为这个没有感情的世界将缺乏奖赏和惩罚。可知人们从奖赏和惩罚中学习。故A项正确。3.推理判断题。由第一段“Societys economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning

29、$10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives(刺激,动力) of any kind, for as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.社会的经济支柱将会被毁灭，因为挣1000万美元并不会比挣10美元带来更多快乐，没有了工作的动力。事实上，任何事情的动力都没有了，因为我们知道动力反映了享受它们的能力。”可知经济的支柱是工作的动力，故C项正确。4.推理判断题。由第二段“Out of our emotional

30、experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are good and others are bad”, In fact, society uses our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. 我们对事物和事件的情感体验会

31、产生一种社会认同感，认为某些事物和行为是好的而另一些是坏的。事实上，社会利用我们的情感反应和态度，如忠诚、道德、骄傲、羞耻、内疚、恐惧和贪婪，来维持自身。”可知B项“它们是维持社会认同感的基础。”正确。5.推理判断题。由第二段As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an objects physical aspects are less important than what it

32、has done or can do to us-hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. 为个体，我们会根据我们的情绪对物体进行分类。诚然，我们会考虑物体的长度、形状、大小或质地，但它对我们做了什么或能做什么更重要伤害我们、让我们惊讶、愤怒或高兴。”可知物体的情感方面能够引导我们去调整自己的行为以便更好地适应周围的环境。故D项正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:8. 单选题Love is the most melodious of all harmonies and the sentiment of love is innate.

33、Woman is a delightful instrument of pleasure, but it is necessary to know its trembling strings, to study the position of them, the timid keyboard, the fingering so changeful and（ ）which befits it.问题1选项A.viciousB.unrulyC.maliciousD.capricious【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项vicious“恶毒的”；B选项unruly“任性的”；C选项malicio

34、us“蓄意的”；D选项capricious“反复无常的”。句意：爱是所有和声中最悦耳的，爱的情感是与生俱来的。女人是令人愉悦的乐器，但你必须知道它颤动的琴弦，研究它们的位置，了解羞怯的键盘，以及适合它的喜怒无常的指法。填空处所填的词应该和changeful意思相近，所以选项D正确。9. 单选题The serious looking men indulged themselves in a conversation as if they were（ ）of the noisy crowds surrounding them.问题1选项A.negligibleB.discernedC.ignora

35、ntD.oblivious【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项negligible“微不足道的”；B选项discerned“察觉，辨别”；C选项ignorant“无知的”；D选项oblivious“健忘的”。句意：这些外表严肃的人沉浸在会话当中，似乎对周围嘈杂的人群一无所知。选项C符合句意。10. 单选题To（ ）is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment.问题1选项A.conserveB.co

36、nceiveC.convertD.contrive【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项conserve“保存，保护”；B选项conceive“构思，设想”；C选项convert“转变”；D选项contrive“谋划”。句意：保护就是保存和保护，把我们自己喜欢的东西留在如此好的条件下，别人也可以分享我们的乐趣。选项A符合句意。11. 单选题There is not the woman born who desires to eat the bread of dependence, no matter ( ) from the hand of father, husband, or broth

37、er; for any one who does so eat her bread places herself in the power of the person（ ）she takes it.问题1选项A.whether they be. from whichB.whether it be.from whomC.would they be.from whomD.would it befrom which【答案】B【解析】考查语法结构。句意：世上没有生来就想靠别人吃饭的女人，无论是靠父亲、丈夫还是兄弟；因为任何一个人这样做的话，就是将自己置于施舍之人的权利之下。根据句意可知，第一空主要是需

38、要明确from的主语应该是“the bread”，所以应该用单数形式的it来指代，由此可排除选项A和选项C；其次第二空的先行词是the person，关系代词应该用whom，所以选项B正确。12. 单选题These funds will come with stringent conditions that will impose external financial controls and（ ）heavily on Icelands hard-won sovereign independence.问题1选项A.impingeB.affectC.afflictD.impact【答案】A【解析

39、】考查动词辨析。A选项impinge“妨碍，侵犯”；B选项affect“影响，感染”，一般和介词to搭配；C选项afflict“折磨，使痛苦”；D选项impact“影响，冲突”。句意：这些资金将附带严格的条件，强制实施外部金融控制，并严重侵犯了冰岛来之不易的主权独立。这里是指侵犯主权，所以选项A更符合语境。13. 单选题Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Womens education

40、 may be unusual territory for economists, but enhancing womens contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives, provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.Parents in

41、 low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody elses family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while

42、their brothers are sent to school the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle of neglect.An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier childr

43、en and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed int

44、o a virtuous circle.Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such bi

45、g returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.1.The author argues that educating girls in developing countries is（ ）.2.By saying “the prophecy beco

46、mes self-fulfilling .” (Para. 2), the author means that（ ）.3.The author believes that a vicious circle can turn into a virtuous circle when（ ）.4.What does the author say about womens education?5.This passage mainly discusses（ ）.问题1选项A.troublesomeB.labor-savingC.rewardingD.expensive.问题2选项A.girls will

47、 turn out to be less valuable than boysB.girls will be capable of realizing their own dreamsC.girls will eventually find their goals in life beyond reachD.girls will be increasingly discontented with their life at home问题3选项A.women care more about educationB.girls can gain equal access to educationC.

48、a family has fewer but healthier childrenD.parents can afford their daughters education问题4选项A.It deserves greater attention than other social issues.B.It is now given top priority in many developing countries.C.It will yield greater returns than other known investment.D.It has aroused the interest o

49、f a growing number of economists.问题5选项A.unequal treatment of boys and girls in developing countriesB.the potential earning power of well-educated womenC.the major contributions of educated women to societyD.the economic and social benefits of educating women【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根

50、据原文首段第一句“Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. 在发展中国家，为女孩提供教育保障的回报率很可能比其他任何投资都要高。”由此可知，C选项rewarding“有回报的”符合原文。A选项troublesome“麻烦的”；B选项labor-saving“节省劳力的”；D选项expensive“昂贵的”，均不正确。2.作者意图题。根据第二段最后一句话“the prophecy becomes

51、 self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle of neglect. 这种预言变成了自我实现，使女性陷入被忽视的恶性循环。”这一预言即破折号前面所提到的“Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school因此，女孩被认为不如男孩有价值，她们被关在家里做家务，而她们的兄弟则被送去上学”，由此可知，选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第三段的内容

52、，作者通过列举一个受过教育的母亲的事例来阐述了恶性循环变成良性循环的情况。受过教育的母亲不会有很多孩子，能够顾及所有孩子的发展，确保她的女儿能够得到公平（接受教育）的机会。因此，她女儿的教育使下一代女孩以及男孩更有可能受到良好的教育。也就是说，只有当女孩能够获得平等接受教育的机会才能使恶性循环变成良性循环，所以选项B符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据原文最后一段的第一、二句“Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well.

53、 几乎没有人会质疑女性接受教育具有巨大的社会效益。但它同样也有巨大的经济优势。”这一观点和首段第一句呼应，由此可知，作者认为女性接受教育会产生比其他投资更大的回报。所以选项C符合原文。5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容以及上一题可知，作者一直在强调女性接受教育所产生的回报，不仅具有巨大的社会效益，同样也有巨大的经济优势。所以本文主要讨论的是妇女接受教育所带来的经济和社会利益，选项D符合原文。14. 单选题He was confronted by a vision of burning vehicles and slashed bodied, strewn on a ground（ ）with aba

54、ndoned clothes, shoes, passports and wrecked household goods.问题1选项A.crammedB.loadedC.permeatedD.littered【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。litter with意为“散落着，将乱扔在处”。句意：他看到的是燃烧的车辆和被砍伤的身体，地上散落着丢弃的衣服、鞋子、护照和毁坏的家用物品。选项D符合语境。15. 单选题The mayor called together all his staff members and announced that the freshly appointed direc

55、tor of general affairs was（ ） his ex-wifes son.问题1选项A.nobody other thanB.nothing other thanC.none other thanD.not other than【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。none other than意为“不是别的而正是”。句意：市长召集了他所有的职员，宣布新任命的总干事不是别人，正是他前妻的儿子。选项C符合句意。16. 翻译题B. Translate the following sentences from Chinese into English. (3x5)1.我们既要绿水青山，

56、也要金山银山。宁要绿水青山，不要金山银山。.我们绝不能以牺牲生态环境为代价换取经济的一时发展。2.国际社会也期待中美关系能够不断改善和发展。中美两国合作好了，就可以做世界稳定 的压舱石、世界和平的助推器。3.我们相聚在世界经济版图持续变化和全球增长动力大转型的重要时刻。这一转变带来挑战和不确定性，同时也蕴含机遇。【答案】1.We want clear water and green mountains, and we also want prosperity and wealth. We want the former rather than the latter. .we must neve

57、r sacrifice the ecological environment for the temporary economic development.2.The international community also expects the continuous improvement and development of China-US relations. When the US and China work together, we can be an anchor of world stability and a propeller of world peace.3.We a

58、lso met at a time of continued shifts and profound transformations in the configuration of the global economic landscape and dynamics for growth. With these transformations come challenges and uncertainties as well as opportunities.17. 单选题People usually express their interests by what they habituall

59、y talk about and how they allocate their time and money. For example, Allan spends at least as much time watching the stock market as he（ ）.问题1选项A.writesB.does writingC.is writingD.does to write【答案】B【解析】考查语法结构。句意：人们通常通过他们习惯谈论的话题以及他们如何分配时间和金钱来表达他们的兴趣。例如，艾伦花在观察股市上的时间至少和他写作的时间一样多。分析句子结构可知，asas表示同级之间的比较

60、，前后时态语态应保持一致，前面使用的是动名词watching，后面同样也应该使用动名词，由此可首先排除选项A和选项D；其次，如果填入C选项句子表达不完整，应使用助动词does来指代spends time，所以选项B正确。18. 翻译题人的发展和物的发展是社会发展的两大基本形态，这两大形态的发展是既相互依存又相对独立的。以人为本的价值理念在对待人与物的关系上，要求以人为中心，以物为工具和手段，坚持用人的发展来规范和控制物的发展，使物的发展适合和满足人的需要。【答案】Human development and the development of things are the two basic

61、forms of social development, the development of two forms is both interdependent and independent. Regarding the relationship between human beings and things, the people-oriented value concept requires that people should be the center, and things should be the tools and means. The development of peop

62、le should be adhered to regulate and control the development of things, so as to make the development of things fit and meet the needs of people.19. 单选题None of this is（ ）surprising, nor are these questionable industry machination limited to the frenzied search for the so-called pink pill.问题1选项A.at t

63、he leastB.the leastC.the least bitD.in the least bit【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项at the least“无论如何”；B选项the least“最少”；C选项the least bit“半点，毫厘”；D选项in the least bit“一点，丝毫”。句意：这些丝毫不令人感到惊讶，这些可疑行业的阴谋也不仅仅局限于疯狂地寻找所谓的“粉色药丸”。选项D符合句意。20. 单选题Most of the trees in the temperate zone become（ ）in winter.问题1选项A.barrenB.luxuriantC.rottenD.bald【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。barren“贫瘠的，不生育的