2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷33

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1、2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. Its now a global village where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is

2、greatly enhanced by foreign language skillsDeeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often help support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments ar

3、e becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being out of sight and out of mind. He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the companys plan for success, and that promotions often follow or

4、accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United Sates where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent.Thanks to

5、a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another lan

6、guage. A second language isnt generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations,

7、 and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.1.What is the authors attitude toward high tech communications equipmen

8、t?2.With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, business people（ ）.3.In this passage, out of sight and out of mind (Lines 2-3, Para. 3) probably means（ ）.4.According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporations in employing people today?5.The adv

9、antage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can（ ）.问题1选项A.CriticalB.IndifferentC.PrejudicedD.Positive问题2选项A.have to get familiar with modern technologyB.are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operationsC.are attaching more importance to their overseas businessD.are eage

10、r to work overseas问题3选项A.being unable to think properly for lack of insightB.being totally out of touch with business at homeC.missing opportunities for promotion when abroadD.leaving all care and worthy behind问题4选项A.Connections with business overseasB.Ability to speak the clients language.C.Technic

11、al knowledgeD.Business experience问题5选项A.better control the whole negotiation processB.easily find new approaches to meet market needsC.fast-forward their proposals to headquartersD.easily make friends with business people abroad【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。A项“批评的”，B项“漠视的，中立的”，C项“有偏见的”，D项

12、“积极肯定的”。文章第一段提到 “.our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills 我们从这种高科技通信设备中获益的能力因外语技能而大大提高”可知D项符合题意，故选D。2.事实细节题。A项“必须熟悉现代技术”，B项“从国内业务中获得更多的经济效益”，C项“更重视他们的海外业务”，D项“渴望去海外工作”。文章第二段提到“Deeply involved with this new technology is a bre

13、ed of modern business people who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. 深入参与这项新技术的是一群现代商人，他们越来越重视跨国商业的经济价值”可知C项正确。3.词汇题。A项“因为缺乏洞察力而无法正确思考”； B项“与国内业务完全脱节”；C项“在国外失去晋升的机会”，D项“完全置之度外”。文章第三段提到“He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the companys plan

14、for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. 他或她可以确定，海外业务是公司成功计划的核心，外派往往意味着升职”是对out of sight and out of mind.的补充说明，选项C最符合题意，故选C。4.判断推理题。A项“与海外商业的联系”，B项“能说驻国语”，C项“技术知识”，D项“商业经验”。最后一段提到 “The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an op

15、portunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. 外派员工能说驻国语，有机会快速推进某些谈判，并能有文化洞察力，知道何时更好地较慢行动”可知B项是“当今国际公司在用人方面的一个重要考虑”，故选B。5.事实细节题。A项“更好地控制整个谈判过程”，B项“很容易找到新的方法来满足市场需求”，C项“迅速向总部反馈他们的建议”，D项“容易与海外商人交朋友”。文章最后一段提到“The employee

16、 posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. 外派员工能说驻国语，有机会快速推进某些谈判，并能有文化洞察力，知道何时更好地较慢行动”，可知A项“更好地控制整个谈判的进程”正确。BCD三项在文中均未提及。2. 单选题The British Medical

17、Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be co

18、ncluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validityThere is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more li

19、kely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients, colleagues, insurers and governments.The behaviors under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcul

20、tures exist where bribes and dishonest behavior are almost a norm. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant; there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behavior and others which leave ethical t

21、raining to the harmful influence of television and the market place.Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favor candidates with integrity and positive ethical behavior-if one had a re

22、liable method for detecting such characteristics in advance. Medical school should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behavior

23、of medical students does not necessarily improve; indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress.The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential. It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of integrity. Med

24、ical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one. The development of a schools culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing. Moreover, the schools exam

25、ination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm，fair, transparent, and consistent.1.What does the author say about cheating in medical schools?2.According to the author, it is important to prevent cheating in medical scho

26、ols because（ ）.3.What does the author say about the cause(s) of cheating?4.According to the author, what precautions should medical schools take to prevent students from cheating?5.The author will probably agree with which of the following statements?问题1选项A.Extensive research has been done about thi

27、s phenomenon.B.We have sufficient data to prove that prevention is feasible.C.We are safe to conclude that this phenomenon exists on a grand scale.D.Reliable data about the extent, prevention and management of the phenomenon is lacking.问题2选项A.the medical profession is based on trustB.there is zero t

28、olerance of cheating in medicineC.the medical profession depends on the governmentD.cheating exists extensively in medical schools问题3选项A.Family, culture and society play an active part.B.Bad school environment is the leading cause of student cheating.C.Parents are always to blame for their childrens

29、 cheating behavior.D.Cheating exists primarily because students learn bad things from TV.问题4选项A.Medical schools should establish a firm moral standard to weed out applicants with low integrity.B.Medical schools should make efforts to remedy the ills of a society.C.Medical schools should teach future

30、 doctors integrity and ethical values.D.There is nothing medical schools can do to improve the ethical behavior of their students.问题5选项A.Medical schools should make exams easier for the students to alleviate the fierce competition.B.Prominent figures in the medical institution should create a set of

31、 moral standards to be applied in medical schools.C.Medical students should play an active role in the creation and preservation of a culture of integrity.D.Those students who cheat in the exams should be instantly expelled from school【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。文章第一段提到 “Although we hav

32、e insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity. 虽然我们没有足够的可靠数据来说明这一现象的严重程度，也不了解如何预防和进行有效管理，但可以根据常识和看似有效的观念得出很多结论并采取行动”可知，D项“有关这种现象的程度、预防和管控

33、的可靠数据是缺乏的” 正确；也由此知A、B、C三项不正确。2.事实细实题。第二段中提到 “There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. 人们普遍认为，在基于信任和有关生命安全的职业中的作弊应该零容忍”可知A“医疗职业基于信任”正确；B“医疗作弊是零容忍的”是结果不是原因；C“医疗行业依靠政府”和D“作弊在医学院中广泛存在”原文均未提及，故选A。3.事实细节题

34、。文章第三段提到“The behaviors under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school.导致这些作弊行为的原因很多。这些原因包括在就读医学院之前受到的家庭、宗教及文化影响。” 可知A“家庭，文化和社会发挥重要作用”正确，故选A。4.事实细节题。A项“医学院应该建立一个可靠的道德标准来淘汰低水平的申请者”，文章第四段提到“if one had a reliab

35、le method for detecting such characteristics in advance.如果医学院有可靠的方法提前识别学生的品质的话”，此句为条件状语从句，由此可知目前还没有找到这种识别方法，故A不正确；B项 “医学院应该努力纠正所有的社会问题”，文章第四段中提到 “Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. 医学院的问题反映了整个社会问题，我们不能指望社会的所有弊病都能被纠正”可知B不正确；C项“医学院应该培养未来医生诚信和道德价

36、值观”，第四段中提到“ Medical school should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity.医学院应该成为未来医生灌输诚信和道德观念的中心”可知C正确；D项“医学院无法改善学生的道德行为”，文章最后一段列举了一些解决学生道德行为问题的方法，如“在医学院中创建一个普遍的诚信文化制度；让医学院的学术领袖树立个人诚信榜样可知D不正确，故选C。5.判断推理题。A项“医学院应该让学生考试更容易，以缓解激烈的竞争。”和D项“考试作弊的学

37、生应该立即被开除出学校”在文中均未提及；B项“医疗机构中的杰出人物应该制定一套道德标准应用于医学院。”原文最后一段提到 “it is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of integrity.医学院的学术领袖树立个人的诚信榜样是很关键的”，可知B项中“create a set of moral standards 创建道徳标准”不正确；C项“医学生应在创建和维护诚信文化方面发挥积极作用”，最后一段提到“The development of a sc

38、hools culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing. 学校诚信文化的发展需要与学生建立伙伴关系，使他们在学校的创建和培养中发挥积极作用。”可知C项正确。3. 单选题Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal or at least many parts of it have. In some ways

39、, however, very little has changed, particularly where altitudes are concerned（1） .In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differ

40、ences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. （2） , having given his wife her “housekeeping”，would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was and still is inclined to take a longer-term

41、view. Not only did he regard buying a house as a most important thing, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important. Both of these provided him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make

42、 such long-term plans.Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws have made it less necessary than before to worry about tomorrow. （3） .In fact there has been a growing tendenc

43、y in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position. （4） . They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less

44、 difference than in previous generations.（5） As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will reappear, but between different groups. 问题1选项A.Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of

45、 inferiority they had in the pastB.Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paidC.Idea about social class whether a person is working-class or middle-classis one area in which changes have been extremely slowD.The changes in bo

46、th life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger peopleE.Class differences have been eliminated for centuries in almost all societies around the worldF.The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed问题2选项A.Working-class peo

47、ple seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the pastB.Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paidC.Idea about social class whether a person is working-class or middle-classis one area in which changes

48、have been extremely slowD.The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger peopleE.Class differences have been eliminated for centuries in almost all societies around the worldF.The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it

49、was widely believed问题3选项A.Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the pastB.Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paidC.Idea about social class whether a person is working-class o

50、r middle-classis one area in which changes have been extremely slowD.The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger peopleE.Class differences have been eliminated for centuries in almost all societies around the worldF.The typical working man would collec

51、t his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed问题4选项A.Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the pastB.Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paidC.Idea about socia

52、l class whether a person is working-class or middle-classis one area in which changes have been extremely slowD.The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger peopleE.Class differences have been eliminated for centuries in almost all societies around the

53、worldF.The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed问题5选项A.Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the pastB.Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they m

54、ay have) and the low-paidC.Idea about social class whether a person is working-class or middle-classis one area in which changes have been extremely slowD.The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger peopleE.Class differences have been eliminated for ce

55、nturies in almost all societies around the worldF.The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed【答案】第1题:C第2题:F第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.前文含义“但是，在某些方面变化很小，特别是在某些高度上”可推断此处应是对“very little has changed”的举例，C项含义为“关于社会阶层的问题，即一个人是否为工人阶级或中产阶级，就是一个变化非常缓慢的领域”，符合题意

56、，故选C。2.前文含义为“在过去，工人阶级的工资往往低于中产阶级，如教师和医生。 基于这一点以及工人工作的不安全性，人们生活方式和态度出现了明显的差异。”下文举例，空格后文的含义为“给一部分给妻子作为生活开支，剩下的出去喝酒和赌博”可知此处为工人阶级的做法，选项F含义为“典型的工人阶级男人们，在周五晚上领薪水，大部分人认为”符合上下文，故选F。3.前文含义为“如今变化很大，在大多数情况下，工厂工人的收入可以与他们的中产阶级主管持平。 社会保障和法律也使人们不再担心“明天”。空格后文的含义为“事实上，在过去的几年里，中产阶级对自己的地位感到羞愧的趋势越来越明显。”可推断此处可能与 “工人阶级对自

57、己过去的社会地位的感觉”相关，A 项含义为“工人阶级似乎在慢慢失去过去的那种自卑感” 符合上下文，故选A。4.空格后文的含义为“他们通常在音乐和衣服上有着相似的品味，为了玩得很开心他们愿意花钱，必要时还会为假期或长期计划储蓄。 与前几代相比，差异似乎要小得多。”此处可能为对某种变化的举例。选项D的含义为“生活方式和态度的变化很可能很容易在年轻人中看到”符合上下文，故选D。5.空格后文的含义为“只要这种差距存在，就永远有可能出现新的冲突和猜忌，或者旧的冲突在不同的群体之间再次出现”可推断空格处应与某种差异相关，选项B的含义为“然而，在高薪（无论他们有什么样的工作）和低薪者之间仍然有很大的差距”

58、符合上下文，故选B。4. 单选题How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV a

59、dvertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dr

60、ess. A barber today does not cut a boys hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we ar

61、e odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times;

62、the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length.

63、 Then they got shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the wa

64、y you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the untidy look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashions of the top fashion house.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater, and it would be discourteous to visit some disti