2022年考博英语-四川大学考前模拟强化练习题55（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-四川大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题By Christmas I （ ） in this office for ten years.问题1选项A.will workB.will be workingC.will have been workingD.will have worked【答案】D【解析】句意：到圣诞节的时候, 我在这个办公室就待了十年了。by后面一般接完成时, 所以首先排除选项A和B, 根据句意可知说这句话的时候还没有到圣诞节, 所以用将来完成时。选项C为将来完成进行时, 而这里指从过去到圣诞节这段时间截止, 不存在进行时, 所以选项D正确。2.

2、 单选题This （ ） girl is Marys cousin.问题1选项A.pretty little SwedishB.Swedish little prettyC.Swedish pretty littleD.little pretty Swedish【答案】A【解析】考查多个形容词修饰名词时的词序。通常顺序是:限定词表示说话人评价的形容词表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词表示颜色的形容词表示国别、来源、材料的形容词表示用途或目的的形容词或分词, 名词等类别词名词中心词。根据规则, 选项A正确。3. 单选题Talking about that is useless, （ ）is famil

3、iar to me.问题1选项A.which factB.the fact of whichC.its factD.that fact【答案】B【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的用法。句意：再谈论那件事已经没有意义了，我已经知道真相了。空格处指“那件事情的真相”，which指代“那件事”。所以选项B正确。which不能放在先行词前面，所以选项A错误；选项C填入的话句子缺少连词；选项D中that不能引导非限制性定语从句。4. 单选题Satellite communications are so up-to-date that even when （ ） in the middle of the Pa

4、cific ,businessmen can contact their offices as if they were next door .问题1选项A.glidingB.cruisingC.pilotingD.patrolling【答案】B【解析】gliding滑翔;cruising乘船巡游, 巡航, 航行;piloting领航, 驾驶;patrolling巡查。句意：卫星通信是如此的发达以致于即使是商人在大西洋中间航行也可以联系到他们公司的人, 就好像他正在公司的隔壁一样。因此，本题选B。5. 单选题To fight against computer crimes, a compute

5、r system needs a sure way of identifying its right users and rejecting those who are not entitled to use it. The identification system should be quick, simple, and convenient.At present, signatures are widely used to identify credit card holders, but it takes an expert to detect a good forgery. Some

6、times even a human expert is fooled, and there is no reason to believe that a computer could do any better,Photographs are also sometimes used for identification. But, people find it inconvenient to stop by a credit-card company and to be photographed. Companies might lose business if they made the

7、pictures under absolute requirement. Also, photographs are less useful these days, when people frequently change their appearance by changing the way they wear their hair. Finally, computer programs for analyzing photographs are still highly experimental.Cash-drawing systems often use two identifica

8、tion numbers: One is recorded on a magnetic stripe on the identification cards, and the other is given to the CRS holder. When the user inserts his card into the cash-drawing terminal, he keys in the identification number he has been given. The computer checks to see that the number recorded on the

9、card and the other keyed in by the user refer to the same person.For a long time, fingerprints have provided a method of positive identification. But they suffer from two problems. One is that there is no simple system for comparing fingerprints electronically, the other is that because most people

10、associate being fingerprinted with being arrested; they most surely would resist being fingerprinted for routine identification.Voiceprints have suggested. With these, the user has only to speak a few words for the computer to analyze his voice. There are no psychological problems here. And technica

11、lly it s easier to take and analyze voiceprints than fingerprints. However, it has yet to be proved that the computer line.Even lipprints have been suggested. But its doubtful that kissing computer will ever catch.1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the identification system requirem

12、ents?2.The most reliable and convenient identification method in present use is_.3.If the technical problems can be worked out, which method is the most promising?4.Which of the following methods is the least psychologically acceptable?5.The passage is organized by_.问题1选项A.Convenience.B.Reliability.

13、C.Low costs.D.Acceptability.问题2选项A.signaturesB.photographsC.fingerprintsD.magnetic stripes问题3选项A.Voiceprints.B.Fingerprints.C.Photographs.D.Signatures.问题4选项A.Photgraphs.B.Lipprints.C.Fingerprints.D.Voiceprints.问题5选项A.a simple listing of factsB.presenting a solution and discussing its advantages or d

14、isadvantagesC.cause and effectD.comparison and contrast【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.根据第一段的第二句“The identification system should be quick, simple, and convenient.”识别系统的要求包括快速、简单和便捷。只有选项C未提及。2.根据第二段的第一句“At present, signatures are widely used to identify credit card holders, but it takes an expert

15、 to detect a good forgery.”由此可知, 签名存在鉴定困难的问题, 排除A。根据第三段第一句话“Photographs are also sometimes used for identification. But, people find it inconvenient to stop by a credit card company and to be photographed.”可知照片存在着应用不方便的问题, 排除B。根据第五段“For a long time, fingerprints have provided a method of positive id

16、entification. But they suffer from two problems.”可知, 指纹也存在两个问题, 排除C。所以, 本题选D。3.根据原文可知, 作者在文中提到了几种识别方式的各种问题，而且认为声纹比指纹识别更好，只是由于技术问题还没有被开发出来，由此推断声纹将成为最有发展前景的识别方式。选项A正确。4.根据第五段的最后一句“they most surely would resist being fingerprinted for routine identification.”由此可见, 大部分人将取指纹与被捕联系起来, 他们肯定不会为了例行的身份鉴定而接受指纹鉴

17、定。因此, 从心理上讲, 最不能接受的是取指纹。5.本题考察行文思路, 文章在首段提出计算机识别系统的基本原则, 然后分别分析几种不同识别方法的利弊。也就是说, 本题是通过提出一个解决办法然后进行利弊分析的方式来展开的。因此, 选项B正确。6. 单选题Even when textbooks are （ ） through a school system, methods of teaching may vary greatly.问题1选项A.commonplaceB.standardizedC.competitiveD.generalized【答案】B【解析】commonplace陈腐的, 平

18、凡的;standardized标准化的;competitive有竞争力的, 竞争的;generalized广泛的, 普遍的。句意：即使是通过学校的系统把教科书规范化, 教学的方法也会有很大的不同。7. 单选题With its common interest in lawbreaking but its immense range of subject-matter and widely-varying methods of treatment, the crime novel could make a legitimate claim to be regarded as a separate

19、branch of literature, or, at least, as a distinct, even though a slightly disreputable, offshoot of the traditional novel.The detective story is probably the most respectable (at any rate in the narrow sense of the worD. of the crime species. Its creation is often the relaxation of university teache

20、rs, literary economists, scientists or even poets. Fatalities may occur more frequently and mysteriously than might be expected in polite society, but the world in which they happen, the village, seaside resort, college or studio, is familiar to us, if not from our own experience, at least in the ne

21、wspaper or the lives of friends. The characters, though normally realized superficially, are as recognizably human and consistent as our less intimate associates. A story set in a more remote environment, African jungle, or Australian bush, ancient China or gas-lit London, appeals to our interest in

22、 geography or history, and most detective story writers are conscientious in providing a reasonably authentic background. The elaborate, carefully assembled plot, despised by the modern intellectual critics and creators of significant novels, has found refuge in the murder mystery, with its sprinkli

23、ng of clues, its spicing with apparent impossibilities, all with appropriate solutions and explanations at the end. With the guilt of escapism from real life nagging gently, we secretly revel in the unmasking of evil by a vaguely super-human detective, who sees through and dispels the cloud of suspi

24、cion which has hovered so unjustly over the innocent.Though its villain also receives his rightful deserts, the thriller presents a less comfortable and credible world. The sequence of fist fights, revolver duels, car crashes and escapes from gas-filled cellars exhausts the reader far more than the

25、hero, who suffers from at least two broken ribs, one black eye, uncountable braises and a hangover, can still chase and overpower an armed villain with the physique of a wrestler. He moves dangerously through a world of ruthless gangs, brutality, a vicious lust for power and money and, in contrast t

26、o the detective tale, with a near-omniscient arch-criminal whose defeat seems almost accidental. Perhaps we miss in the thriller the security of being safely led by our imperturbable investigator past a score of red herrings and blind avenues to a final gathering of suspects when an unchallengeable

27、elucidation of all that has bewildered us is given and justice and goodness prevail. All that we vainly hope for from life is granted vicariously.1.The crime novel may be regarded as（ ）.2.The creation of detective stories has its origin in（ ） .3.The characters of the detective stories are, generally

28、 speaking, （ ） .4.The setting of the detective stories is something in a more remote place because（ ） .5.The writer of this passage thinks （ ）.问题1选项A.a not quite respectable form of the conventional novelB.not a true novel at allC.related in some ways to the historical novelD.a distinct branch of th

29、e traditional novel问题2选项A.seeking rest from work or worriesB.solving.mysterious deaths in this societyC.restoring expectations in polite societyD.preventing crimes问题3选项A.more profound than those of the traditional novelsB.as real as life itselfC.not like human beings at allD.not very profound but no

30、t unlikely问题4选项A.it is more realB.our friends are familiar with itC.it pleases the readers in a wayD.it needs the readers support问题5选项A.what people hope for from life can finally be granted if they have confidenceB.people like to feel that justice and goodness will always triumphC.they know in the r

31、eal work good does not prevail over evilD.their hopes in life can only be fulfilled through fiction reading【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的最后一句“at least, as a distinct, even though a slightly disreputable, offshoot of the traditional novel.”选项D正确。2.根据第二段的第二句“ Its creation is often the relax

32、ation of university teachers, literary economists, scientists or even poets. ”侦探小说通常是大学教师、文学经济学家、科学家甚至诗人放松之余的创作。选项A符合原文。3.根据第二段的第四句“The characters, though normally realized superficially, are as recognizably human and consistent as our less intimate associates.”尽管从表面上看, 可以被认出来, 但有可能是我们不那么亲密的伙伴。由此可以推

33、断, 侦探小说主人公的特点, 一般来说, 给人的印象不是很深刻, 但也不是没可能, 选项D符合原文。4.根据第二段的内容“A story set in a more remote environment,., appeals to our interest in geography or history, and most detective story writers are conscientious in providing a reasonably authentic background.”大多数侦探小说作者都认真地提供了一个合理真实的背景。选项A符合原文。5.根据文中的最后一句“A

34、ll that we vainly hope for from life is granted vicariously.”我们对生活的一切希望都是间接实现的。也就是体现在侦探小说中, 选项D符合原文。8. 单选题Diamonds have little （ ） value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.问题1选项A.extinctB.permanentC.surplusD.intrinsic【答案】D【解析】extinct灭绝的, 绝种的, 破灭的;permanent永久的;surplus过剩的, 多余的;i

35、ntrinsic内在的。句意： 钻石本身没有什么价值, 它昂贵的价格主要是因为其稀缺性。9. 单选题There are three separate sources of hazard （1 ） to the use of nuclear reaction to supply us with energy. Firstly, the radioactive material must travel from its place of manufacture to the power station. （2 ） the power stations themselves are solidly

36、built, the container used for transport of the material are not. Unfortunately, there are （3 ） only two methods of transport available, （4 ） road or rail, and both of these （5 ） close contact with the general public, （6 ） the routes are （7 ） to pass near, or even through, （8 ） populated areas.Second

37、ly, there is a problem of wasters. All nuclear power stations produce wastes which （9 ） will remain radioactive for thousands of years. It is （10 ） to de-active these wastes, and so they must be stored （11 ） one of the ingenious but cumbersome ways that scientists have invented. For example, they mu

38、st be buried under the ground （12 ） sunk in the sea. However, these （13 ） do not solve the problem completely, they merely store it, since an earth-quake could （14 ） open the containers like nuts.Thirdly, there is the problem of accidental exposure （15 ） to a leak or an explosion at the power statio

39、n. （16 ） with the other two hazards, this is not very likely and does not provide a serious （17 ） to the nuclear program, （18 ） it can happen, as the inhabitants of Harrisburg will tell you.Separately, and during short periods, these three types of risk are no great cause for concern. （19 ） , though

40、, and especially （20 ） much longer periods, the probability of a disaster is extremely high.问题1选项A.relatedB.connectedC.associatedD.affiliated问题2选项A.HenceB.AlthoughC.ThereforeD.However问题3选项A.regularlyB.typicallyC.normallyD.commonly问题4选项A.such asB.for exampleC.for instanceD.namely问题5选项A.concernB.invol

41、veC.includeD.contain问题6选项A.sinceB.althoughC.whileD.so问题7选项A.boundB.closeC.nearD.sure问题8选项A.muchB.heavilyC.closelyD.crowdedly问题9选项A.in most casesB.in the most casesC.in any casesD.in such cases问题10选项A.importantB.improbableC.impossibleD.incredible问题11选项A.inB.byC.withD.on问题12选项A.thenB.thanC.orD.and问题13

42、选项A.meansB.waysC.measuresD.methods问题14选项A.crackB.crashC.clashD.collide问题15选项A.attachedB.dueC.relevantD.owing问题16选项A.contactedB.comparedC.matchedD.contrasted问题17选项A.disapprovalB.disagreementC.protestD.objection问题18选项A.butB.sinceC.soD.hence问题19选项A.Taking togetherB.Taken togetherC.Having taken together

43、D.Having been taken together问题20选项A.inB.atC.overD.for【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B第6题:A第7题:A第8题:B第9题:A第10题:C第11题:B第12题:C第13题:D第14题:B第15题:B第16题:B第17题:D第18题:A第19题:B第20题:A【解析】（1）这里表示与.相关, 用related to。connected to指与.相连接；associated后面通常接介词with；affiliated to指使.隶属于。所以选项A符合原文。（2）根据原文, 电站本身是坚固的, 用于运输材料的集装箱却不是

44、。所以这里用Although表转折。Hence和Therefore都表因此；However用在此处句意不通。（3）根据原文, 不幸的是, 只有两种运输方法。normally表通常地, 一般地, 通常强调其正常性；regularly定期地； typically典型地；commonly一般地, 普通地, 通常强调共性。所以, 选项C更符合原文。（4）namely也就是., 即是.；选项A,B,C都是比如, 举例的意思。根据上一句, 只有两种运输方法, 也就是公路或铁路运输。不存在举例的情况, 所以选项D正确。（5）根据原文, 这两种运输方法都涉及与公众的密切接触。concern比较侧重单纯的关联性

45、, 而involve指涉及到问题。所以选项B更符合原文语境。（6）根据原文, 后面的内容应该是对上一句的解析说明, 所以用since表原因。（7）bound to为习惯搭配, 表示必然, 一定会。句意：这些路线必然要经过人口密集地区附近。（8）Heavily populated areas指人口密集地区。指人口密集用副词heavily。（9）in most cases在大多数情况下, 为固定搭配, 没有定冠词the。in any cases无论如何；in such cases在这种情况下。根据原文, 所有的核电站都会产生废物, 在大多数情况下, 这些废物在数千年内仍具有放射性。选项A符合原文。

46、（10）根据原文, 要使这些废物失去活性是不可能的。Improbable指不大可能的, 未必确定的, 不是完全没有可能；impossible指完全没有可能, 更确切。根据下文可知, 这些废物只能储存起来, 所以用impossible更符合原文。incredible难以置信的, 惊人的。（11）通过什么样的方法储存起来用介词by。原文指通过科学家们发明的一种巧妙但麻烦的方法储存起来。（12）根据原文, 埋在地下或者沉入海底, 表示并列的关系, 用or。（13）根据原文, 然而, 这些方法并不能完全解决问题, 它们只是储存。四个选项都有措施方法的意思, means强调的是处理问题的手段；way是通

47、用词, 用在本文中意义太宽泛；measures强调的是对策, 措施；method强调做某件事的具体步骤或程序。所以选项D更符合原文。（14）考查近义词辨析。crack破裂, 爆裂；crash摔碎, 坠落；clash碰撞；collide碰撞。根据原文, 地震会像坚果一样把容器砸开。地震的冲击力是很大的, 应该是猛烈的撞开, 所以选项B更适合。（15）due to表原因, 原文指核电站意外暴露是由于发生泄漏或爆炸事故。owing to指归功于, 不符合原文。（16）根据原文, 这里指与其他两种危险相比, 这种是不太可能的。所以选项B符合原文。（17）disapproval不赞成, 不喜欢；disa

48、greement不一致；protest抗议；objection异议, 拒绝的理由。句意：也不会对核项目提出严重的反对意见。选项D符合原文。（18）根据原文, 正如哈里斯堡的居民会告诉你的那样, 这是可能发生的。上文提到说第三种危险不太可能会发生, 但不意味着没有可能, 所以用but表转折。（19）考查分词。这里的主语不是sb.而是三种风险, 所以不用-ing形式, 而用分词表示被动, 选项B正确, 意为综合考虑。（20）Period通常与in搭配, 表示在.时期或周期内。10. 单选题（ ） touching in OHenrys stories is the gallantry with w

49、hich ordinary people struggle to maintain their dignity.问题1选项A.Most isB.It mostly isC.Is it mostD.What is most【答案】D【解析】考查主语从句。what引导的名词性从句作主语，所以选项D正确。句意：在欧亨利的故事中，最感人的是普通人为维护自己的尊严而斗争的英勇行为。11. 单选题The commander said to his troops that under no circumstances （ ） to step across the border.问题1选项A.the enem

50、y should be allowedB.should the enemy be allowedC.should allow the enemyD.the enemy should allow【答案】B【解析】考查倒装。带有否定意义的短语，其主谓部分要倒装，首先向排除选项A和D。不被允许表被动，所以选项B正确。句意：指挥官对他的部队说，在任何情况下都不允许敌人跨越边境。12. 单选题Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modem life, has b

51、rought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappointing. Offices ,shops, and factories are discovering the great efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all

52、 lines of work emphasis now falls on ever-increasing output. Thus the “typical” Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of the last generation. He gains in creating comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniquen

53、ess, or individuality.Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the U. S. is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that “assembly-line life” will lead to the disappearance of the ple

54、asures of the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive) old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in lifejoy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local cafe?Since

55、 the late 1950s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain. Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they rear that France is threated by triumph of

56、 this competitive, goods-oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modem economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewa

57、rds, convenience ,and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modem, industrial France is preferable to the old.1.The old French way of life is characterized by （ ） .2.According to the passage, all the following are the description of todays Frenchmen EXCEPT that（ ） .3.Which of the foll

58、owing is true about the critics?4.The best title for the passage would be （ ） .5.It can be inferred from the passage that （ ） .问题1选项A.leisure, elegance and efficiencyB.elegance, efficiency and tasteC.leisure, elegance and tasteD.leisure, efficiency and taste问题2选项A.many of them prefer the modem lifes

59、tyleB.the actually enjoy working at the assembly lineC.they are more concerned with money than beforeD.they are more competitive than the old generation问题3选项A.Critics are greater in number than people enjoying the new way of life.B.Student critics are greater in number than critics in other field.C.

60、Student critics have, on occasion, resorted to violent means against the trend.D.Critics are concerned solely with the present rather than the future.问题4选项A.Changes in the French Way of LifeB.Criticism of the New LifestyleC.The Americanization of FranceD.Features of the New Way of Life问题5选项A.in purs

61、uing material gains the French are suffering losses elsewhereB.the French enjoy short lunch hoursC.the French are fed up with the smell of freshly picked applesD.great changes have occurred in the lifestyle of all Frenchmen【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.根据第二段第四、五句话“They fear that.the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive) old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of