2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷84

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1、2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题This style of cooking is （ ） to South-Eastern provinces.问题1选项A.bizarreB.oddC.peculiarD.weird【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。四个选项均有不平常的或奇怪的的意思。bizarre指态度, 容貌, 款式等怪异; odd强调有异于正常,表示不标准、不正规、不符合规律等,暗示这种奇异令人困惑不解; peculiar强调具有明显的奇异特征; weird怪异的,超自然的,厄运的运气或命运,尤指不吉祥的。句意：这种烹饪方式是东南部省份所特

2、有的。选项C符合句意。2. 单选题The love that （ ） takes up residence in the soul and helps complete us.问题1选项A.standsB.bearsC.endureD.lengthens【答案】C【解析】stand忍受,抵抗;bear忍受,支撑; endure持续,忍耐; lengthen变长,延长。句意：爱持续占据灵魂, 使我们变得完整。选项C符合句意。3. 单选题Californians and New Englanders speak the same language and （ ） by the same feder

3、al laws.问题1选项A.conformB.abideC.sustainD.comply【答案】B【解析】固定搭配题。abide by指遵守.; conform遵守,符合, 一般与to和with搭配; sustain承受;维持; comply遵从，服从，一般与with搭配。句意：加利福尼亚人和新英格兰人说同一种语言, 并且遵守同样的联邦法律。选项B正确。4. 单选题This paper will examine relevant theories and research findings concerning listening and second language acquisiti

4、on and identify conditions that may （ ） listening.问题1选项A.elevateB.facilitateC.stimulateD.provoke【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。elevate提升,举起; facilitate促进,帮助; stimulate刺激,鼓舞,激励; provoke驱使,激怒,煽动。句意：这篇论文将检验有关听力和第二语言习得的相关理论和研究成果, 并找出有助于听力的条件。选项B正确。5. 单选题A good leader knows what are practical questions and also he know

5、s when to （ ） and when to fight.问题1选项A.compromiseB.struggleC.advanceD.flee【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。compromise妥协,让步; struggle努力,挣扎; advance前进,进展;flee逃跑,消失。句意:一个好的领导者知道什么是实际问题, 他也知道什么时候 应该（ ） , 什么时候应该战斗。填空处应该和fight相对应, 选项A符合句意。6. 单选题As many as one in four U. S. workers may be chronically angry on the job, with

6、 angry employees also more likely to be bored, have low energy and feel stuck in their posts, according to a report Tuesday. Employees are most likely to be angered by a boss or supervisor by a fellow employee or by others in the workplace not being productive, by tight deadlines or by heavy workloa

7、ds, said Donald Gibson, a professor at the Yale School of Management.A turbulent economic environment that has produced, on the one hand, productivity and growth and, on the other, wrenching change and uncertainty, has buffeted the workplace, the report saiD.While a majority of employees are respond

8、ing to these conditions with reports of workplace satisfaction there remain a substantial portion who are dissatisfied, even angry, at work, it addeD.Most visibly, anger is linked to workplace aggression, which appears to be increasing: We are weekly confronted with stories of workers taking aggress

9、ive, even violent, action particularly against supervisors. The survey found that 25 percent of those contacted said they were at least somewhat angry at work on a continuing basis. Angry employees tend to have less energy and interest in the job, and tend also to be bored, according to Gibson. And

10、angry employees tend to feelstuckin the joB.The study did not speculate on what percentage of angry workers are likely to resort to violence. It did find that they feel less loyal to an employer. There have been a number of workplace shootings in the United States over the years, most recently rampa

11、ges in Georgia and Alabama which left 12 dead.1.Whats the meaning of stuckin Line 2 ParA.1?2.According to the passage, the angry workers are more likely to do the following EXCEPT （ ） .3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause for anger?4.What can you infer from the passage?5.Which is bes

12、t fit for the title?问题1选项A.AttractedB.TrappedC.PuzzledD.Irritated问题2选项A.quit their jobsB.feel boredomC.have less loyaltyD.resort to violence问题3选项A.Great pressure.B.Less motion.C.Fear and uncertainty.D.Quarrel with a boss or other employees.问题4选项A.A considerable number of angry workers develop their

13、angel into aggression.B.The relationship between the worker and the boss is the primary reason for anger at work.C.Angry workers are more likely to lose their jobs than others as a result.D.Economic environment might be the root cause for the feeling of anger at work.问题5选项A.The Increasing Violence o

14、f Angry Workers.B.Chronic Anger in U. S. Workplace.C.The Cause for Angry Workers.D.The Conflict between Capital and Labor.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.语义题。根据句意, 许多工人会对工作感到厌倦、低迷, 觉得在工作中不能胜任。stuck字面意思为困住,被工作困住,意为工作使他们困惑。选项C正确。2.细节判断题。根据原文内容可知, 处于愤怒中的员工会对工作感到无聊, 忠诚度会降低, 甚至有暴力倾向。只有选项A在文中没有提及。3.细节判

15、断题。根据第一段的最后一句Employees are most likely to be angered by a boss or supervisor by a fellow employee or by others in the workplace not being productive, by tight deadlines or by heavy workloads.员工最容易被老板或主管、同事或工作场所其他人的低效、紧迫的最后期限或沉重的工作负担激怒。只有选项B未提及。4.细节推断题。根据第二段的第一句A turbulent economic environment that h

16、as produced, on the one hand, productivity and growth and, on the other, wrenching change and uncertainty, has buffeted the workplace.经济环境一方面的改变提升了生产力, 另一方面带来了痛苦的变化和不确定性, 对职场造成了冲击。由此推断, 经济环境的改变可能是工作中产生愤怒情绪的根本原因。选项D正确。其他选项均表述错误。5.主旨大义题。本文主要分析了 angry workers出现的原因以及现状。选项B更符合原文。7. 单选题Developing a peacef

17、ul, understanding, and supportive relationship between parents and children is not an easy task. Failures can and do occur at any age level, and at times the results arc the abuse, neglect, and even death of children.Child abuse has become a major topic in child development and an issue of much nati

18、onal concern. In the span of four legislative years, 1963 - 1967, all fifty states enacted laws calling for the reporting of injuries inflicted on children. By 1973, the United States Congress passed the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (Public Law 93 - 247). This law not only reflected the

19、mood of concerned citizens, but it also did much to clear up the confusion and disagreement over what is child abuse.The question what causes child abuse? has prompted much debate. The single most persistent myth which had plagued efforts to understand causes is the notion that parents who abuse chi

20、ldren are mentally disturbed or ilk Although there is no specific psychiatric diagnosis which comprises the behavior and personalities of abuser, they seem to share a common style of child rearing. Those parents demand high levels of child performance and they often use severe physical punishment to

21、 ensure the childs proper behavior. Abusive parents themselves were raised in similar family situations and their own childhood experience has a lasting influence on their behavior as adults.Current research has suggested, however, that the abuser is sick hypothesis is too limiteD.A broader social,

22、psychological approach recognizes that some personal problems are implicit but that psychological factors arise out of a social context. Social factors include unemployment, social isolation, and unwanted pregnancy. Moreover, findings that abuse occurs more frequently in larger families and families

23、 with low income, poor education, and low occupational status suggest that many such parents cannot withstand the twenty-four-hour-a-day responsibility to raise and care for their children. These problems aggravate the situation, especially when combined with the general approval in our culture of v

24、iolence.1.This selection suggests that child abuse is（ ） .2.We can know from the second paragraph that the law passed by 1973（ ） .3.The person who is least likely to be a child-abusing parent is the one who（ ）.4.Which one of the following is most probably a cause of child abuse?5.Which of the follow

25、ing statements is the author most likely to agree with?问题1选项A.a growing problem whose causes are not fully understoodB.caused primarily by the mental illness of parentsC.a problem in the United States, but a greater one in EuropeD.easily determined because of recent public laws问题2选项A.received little

26、 attention from the publicB.was condemned by abusive parentsC.was aimed to expand welfare programs of the United SlatesD.helped much in clarifying the problem问题3选项A.was raised in abusive family situations himselfB.creates a peaceful and supportive family environment for his childrenC.is unemployed o

27、r socially isolatedD.is mentally ill问题4选项A.Too high an income of the parentsB.Unemployment of the parentsC.Poor health of the childD.Peculiar personalities of the child问题5选项A.Violence on TV may contribute to child abuse.B.Medical doctors are largely to blame for unreported cases of child abuse.C.The

28、 media should not describe the details of child abuse cases.D.Violence in our society is acceptable unless children are victims.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.结合全文内容可知，文章首先提出虐待儿童的这个问题变得日益严重，但后面两段就其原因进行分析，没有给出一个确切的答案，所以选项A正确。2.根据第二段的最后一句“This law not only reflected the mood of concerned citizens,

29、 but it also did much to clear up the confusion and disagreement over what is child abuse.”这项法律不仅反映了有关公民的情绪，而且为消除关于什么是虐待儿童而产生的困惑和分歧作出了很大的努力。也就是说，帮忙澄清了什么是虐待儿童的问题，所以选项D正确。3.根据第三段的内容可知，虐待儿童的父母可能患有精神疾病或者自己本身也是在被虐待的家庭环境中长大，所以才会有虐待儿童的行为，首先排除选项A和D；根据第四段的内容可知，社会因素包括失业、社会孤立等也有可能导致父母有虐待儿童的倾向，所以选项C也不正确；选项B为孩子创

30、造一个和平和支持的家庭环境的父母是最不可能虐待儿童的。选项B正确。4.根据上一题可知，选项中最容易造成儿童虐待的应该是失业的父母，所以选项B正确。5.选项A中的影视暴力在文中没有提及；选项B没有报道出来的儿童虐待案和医生没什么关系，所以错误；选项C在文中没有涉及；根据最后一段的最后一句“These problems aggravate the situation, especially when combined with the general approval in our culture of violence.”这些问题加剧了局势，特别是在我们的暴力文化中普遍赞同暴力的情况下。由此可推

31、断，暴力是可以被接受，只要不发生在孩子们身上，所以选项D符合原文。8. 单选题The brain drain of experts away from developing countries will greatly influence these countries development of （ ） industry.问题1选项A.complicatedB.sophisticatedC.primitiveD.collective【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。complicated复杂的,难懂的;sophisticated精密的,尖端的;primitive 原始的, 早期的; coll

32、ective 集体的, 共同的。句意：发展中国家髙技术人才的外流, 将会严重影响这些国家尖端工业的发展。选项B符合句意。9. 单选题Ideas （ ） from ones own experience are sometimes more valuable than those from books.问题1选项A.derivedB.deprivedC.retreatedD.restored【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。derive from来自；deprive剥夺，使丧失，后面一般接介词of；retreat撤退；restore归还，使恢复。句意：人的经验之谈有时比书本里的话更有价值。选项A正确。

33、10. 单选题The first few months of the year I had dreaded the ringing of the telephone, because I knew it meant another （ ） decision to be made.问题1选项A.criticalB.plentifulC.decentD.massive【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。critical决定性的, 关键性的; plentiful丰富的, 大量的;decent 得体的,令人满意的; massive可观的, 巨大的。句意：在最初的几个月里, 我害怕听到电话铃响, 因为我知道

34、这意味着我要做出一个重要的决定。plentiful 和massive都表示数量的巨大, 而critical表示程度的重要。所以选项A正确。11. 案例题A powerful personal growth tool is the 30-day trial. This is a concept I borrowed from the shareware industry, where you can （1） a trial version of a piece of software and try it out risk-free for 30 days before youre requir

35、ed to buy the （2） version. Its also a great way to develop new （3） , and best of all, its brain-dead simple. Lets say you want to start a new habit like an exercise program or （4） a bad habit like sucking on cancer sticks. We all know that getting （5） and sticking with the new habit for a few weeks

36、is the hard part. Once youve overcome inertia, its much easier to keep going. Yet we often psyche ourselves out of getting started by （6） thinking about the change as something （7） before weve even begun. It seems too overwhelming to think about making a big change and （8） with it every day for the

37、rest of your life when youre still habituated to doing the （9） . The more you think about the change as something permanent, the more you （10） where you are. But what if you thought about making the change only （11） say for 30 daysand then youre free to go back to your old habits? That doesnt seem s

38、o hard anymore. Exercise daily for just 30 days, then quit, maintain a （12） organized desk for 30 days, then slack off. Read for an hour a day for 30 days, then go back to watching TV.Could you do it? It still （13） a bit of discipline and commitment, but not nearly so much as making a permanent chan

39、ge. Any （14） deprivation is only temporary. You can （15） down the days to freedom. And for at least 30 days, youll gain some benefit. It,s not so baD.You can handle it. Its only one month out of your life.Directions: Choose one appropriate word from the following word bank to fill in the blanks numb

40、ered from 1 to 15 in the passage below, Change the word form where necessary. Remember the bank contains some extra words that may not be used in filling any of the blanks. Write the words in their correct forms with the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.Temporary download commitment neatly

41、requirementally count opposite stay disciplinepermanent habit overcome stick adoptfull free perceive quit start【答案】1. download 2.full 3. habits 4.quit 5. started6. mentally 7. permanent 8. sticking 9. opposite 10. stay11. commitment 12. neatly 13. requires 14. perceived 15. count【解析】1.根据句意, 下载某种软件,

42、用 download software。2.full version指完整版。句意：下载某个软件的免费试用版使用30天后,你会被要求购买完整版。3.从下文的Let s say you want to start a new habit.可推测, 填空处也应该填入habit, 且为复数。4.quit a bad habit指改正某个坏习惯。5. 根据句意：我们都知道, 开始并坚持几个星期的新习惯是困难的。先开始才能坚持。6. 根据句子结构可知这里应该用 副词修饰 thinking, 根据上文的 psych推断mentally正确。7. 根据下文The more you think about t

43、he change as something permanent,.可知此处也应填入permanent。8. stick with坚持, 文中多次出现。9. do the opposite为固定用法, 意为背道而驰。10. 根据句意：你越认为这种改变是永久性的, 你就会在原地待得越久。这里指保持现状。11. makecommitment为固定搭配, 意为做出的承诺。12. maintain a neatly organized desk保持课桌的干净整洁。13. 根据句意：尽管它依然完成了一些纪律和承诺, 但远没有达到永久改变的程度。14. 句意：任何感知到的剥夺都只是暂时的。15. coun

44、t down为固定搭配, 意为倒数。12. 单选题Like most other American companies with a rigid （ ） , workers and managers have strictly defined duties.问题1选项A.vitalityB.jurisdictionC.hierarchyD.bureaucracy【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。vitality生机，活力；jurisdiction司法权，管辖权；hierarchy层次，层级，等级制度；bureaucracy官僚主义。句意：和大多数等级森严的美国公司一样，工人和经理们也有严格定义的职

45、责。选项C符合句意。13. 单选题The value of the industrial（ ）dropped from about 70 billion dollars to slightly more than 31 billion.问题1选项A.outcomeB.outlookC.outputD.outset【答案】C【解析】常用搭配。industrial output指工业产量, 为常用搭配。句意：工业产值从700亿美元下降到310多亿美元。选项C正确。14. 单选题In minutes he has taken over the whole （ ） , lying under the

46、sink and squinting （眯眼看）up into the machinery.问题1选项A.conscienceB.restraintC.trialD.enterprise【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。conscience道德, 良心;restraint抑制, 约束;trial试验, 努力;enterprise企业, 进取心。句意：几分钟后, 他就接管了整个企业, 躺在水池下面, 眯着眼睛看着机器。选项D符合句意。15. 单选题We didnt want to displease our most （ ） supporters, therefore, we have provi

47、ded them with the opportunity of getting extra tickets to any game this year, said the manager of the football club.问题1选项A.acuteB.ardentC.sheerD.fantastic【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。acute严重的，急性的，敏锐的；ardent热情的，激烈的；sheer绝对的；fantastic奇妙的，极好的。句意：“我们不想让最热情的球迷不高兴，因此，我们为他们提供了今年任何一场比赛的额外门票。”足球俱乐部的经理说。选项B符合句意。16. 单选题Can

48、 you explain this （ ） of ten years in your job history which you have not accounted for?问题1选项A.interruptionB.gapC.splitD.paring【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。interruption中断, 干扰;gap缺口,差距,间隔;split劈裂,裂缝;paring削皮。选项中只有gap可以表示时间的间隔。句意：你能解释一下在你的工作经历中你没有解释的十年空白期吗? 选项B正确。17. 单选题The troops were in a （ ） position, completely

49、 exposed to attack from the air.问题1选项A.eminentB.brutalC.vulnerableD.adequate【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。eminent杰出的;brutal残忍的;vulnerable易受攻击的;adequate充足的。句意：部队处于易受攻击的位置, 完全暴露了。选项C符合句意。18. 单选题Because of the massive oil spillage in the gulf, both the plant and animal lives in the area are in（ ） .问题1选项A.destinyB.a

50、menityC.jeopardyD.tragedy【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。destiny命运, 天命;amenity 娱乐设施;jeopardy危险, 危难;in jeopardy指处于危险境地;tragedy灾难,悲剧。句意：由于海湾大量石油泄漏，该地区的动植物都处于危险之中。选项C正确。19. 单选题With a candle in hand, he carefully （ ） the flight of narrow stairs to his bedroom.问题1选项A.assertedB.ascertainedC.assembledD.ascended【答案】D【解析】动词辨

51、析题。assert断言，坚持，维护；ascertain查明，确定；assemble聚集，集合；ascend攀登，上升。句意：他手里拿着蜡烛，小心翼翼地登上狭窄的楼梯，来到自己的卧室。选项D符合句意。20. 单选题（ ） in their island community, the various tribes used languages which became more and more similar to each others.问题1选项A.ManagedB.ShrunkC.AssumedD.Isolated【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。manage经营, 管理; shrink收缩, 退缩; assume假设,猜想; isolate使隔离, 使孤立, 使脱 离。句意：在与世隔绝的岛上，各个部落使用的语言越来越相似。选项D符合句意。