2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷8

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1、2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The standard of living of any country means the average persons share of the goods and services which the country produces. （1） . Wealth in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: goods such as food and, clothin

2、g, and services such as transport and entertainment.A countrys capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect on one another. （2） . Some region of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a favorable climate, other regions po

3、ssess none of them. （3） . Some countries are perhaps well off in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and for this and other reasons have been unable to develop their resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a

4、 country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a countrys people. （4） A countrys standard of living does not only depend up

5、on the wealth that is produced and consumed within its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. （5） . Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would otherwise be lacking. A countrys we

6、alth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, provided that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures. 问题1选项A.Industrialized countries that have trained numerous skilled workers and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers

7、are largely unskilledB.Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to useC.A countrys standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealthD.For example, Britains wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if it had to d

8、epend only on those grown at homeE.Wealth should be properly used only to enhance the standard of living of people in all countriesF.Wealth depends to a great extent upon a countrys natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on问题2选项A.Industrialized countries that

9、have trained numerous skilled workers and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilledB.Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to useC.A countrys standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produ

10、ce wealthD.For example, Britains wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if it had to depend only on those grown at homeE.Wealth should be properly used only to enhance the standard of living of people in all countriesF.Wealth depends to a great extent upon a countrys

11、 natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on问题3选项A.Industrialized countries that have trained numerous skilled workers and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilledB.Next to natural resources comes the abi

12、lity to turn them to useC.A countrys standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealthD.For example, Britains wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if it had to depend only on those grown at homeE.Wealth should be properly u

13、sed only to enhance the standard of living of people in all countriesF.Wealth depends to a great extent upon a countrys natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on问题4选项A.Industrialized countries that have trained numerous skilled workers and technicians are bett

14、er placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilledB.Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to useC.A countrys standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealthD.For example, Britains wealth in foodstuffs and othe

15、r agricultural products would be much less if it had to depend only on those grown at homeE.Wealth should be properly used only to enhance the standard of living of people in all countriesF.Wealth depends to a great extent upon a countrys natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, wa

16、ter supply and so on问题5选项A.Industrialized countries that have trained numerous skilled workers and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilledB.Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to useC.A countrys standard of living, there

17、fore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealthD.For example, Britains wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if it had to depend only on those grown at homeE.Wealth should be properly used only to enhance the standard of living of people in all co

18、untriesF.Wealth depends to a great extent upon a countrys natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on【答案】第1题:C第2题:F第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一句提到“任何国家的生活水平是指国家生产的商品和服务的平均份额”，空格后关键词“wealth财富”可推断中间内容应与 “生活标准和财富”有关，C项“因为，一个国家的生活水平首先取决于其创造财富的能力”符合题意，故选C。2.文章第二段第一句提到“一

19、个国家创造财富的能力取决于许多因素，其中大多数因素相互影响”，空格后提到“世界上有些地区的煤炭和矿物供应充足，土壤肥沃，气候宜人，其他地区则没有。”推断中间内容应该是阐述“财富与煤、矿产等资源的关系”，F 项“财富在很大程度上取决于一个国家的自然资源，如煤炭、黄金和其他矿产、供水等”符合题意，故选F。3.空格后提到“有些国家自然资源虽然很丰富，但由于多年来战争和一些其他原因一直无法开发其资源”可推断此处应阐述“自然资源与开发自然资源的能力”，B项“排在自然资源后的是将自然资源转化使用的能力”符合题意，故选B。4.空格前文提到“另外一个重要因素是一个国家人民技术效率”可推断此处应阐述与“技术相关

20、内容”， A项“已经培训了许多熟练工人和技术人员的工业化国家比其他工人不熟练的国家更有能力创造财富”符合题意，故选A。5.空格前文提到“一个国家的生活水平不仅取决于在本国境内生产和消费的财富，而且还取决于通过国际贸易间接生产的财富”，空格后提到“贸易使她剩余的制成品能够在国外进行贸易，以换取自身所缺乏的农产品。”可推断空格处“应该列举一个例子”由此导出下文的结论，D项“例如，如果它只能依靠国内生产，英国在食品和其他农产品方面的财富要少得多”符合题意，故选D。2. 单选题I am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last

21、few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me; it is the reality I took with me into sleep. I try to think of something else.Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I s

22、aw her. She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling. In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how m

23、y girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I dont know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and, with three fingers against my head, I looked at her ribbons and said “beautiful”. She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasnt sure if she understood me (

24、I dont speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs in them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In L

25、aos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft pl

26、ayfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last otter I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous an

27、d wouldnt make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with

28、 me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as thought it stayed behind in marketplace. I left tears in my throat, I wanted to cry. I didnt, of course.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing i

29、t, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something

30、 falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the cradle light to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and

31、 this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didnt cry.1.The author of the story has been in sleep for the last few weeks.2.A woman in the marketplace comes into my mind because she reminded me of my childhood.3.The woman was selling skirts with designs of squares

32、 and triangles and circles of pink and green silk.4.The author could speak some Laotian though she did not speak it well.5.Bargaining is a custom in Asia and the author did not know how to do it.6.The author had wanted to buy one skirt, but she ended up with three because the skirts were so cheap an

33、d pretty.7.The author felt happy after the purchase because she had paid for the skirts at the price set so that the woman could make some money through this large purchase.8.The author surely comes from another part of Asia because she knows how to behave well in local culture.9.The woman in the ma

34、rket actually understood the author perfectly and knew very well that she liked those ribbons.10.The author cried eventually when she looked at the skirts because she was deeply moved by the womans generous spirit.问题1选项A.TB.F问题2选项A.TB.F问题3选项A.TB.F问题4选项A.TB.F问题5选项A.TB.F问题6选项A.TB.F问题7选项A.TB.F问题8选项A.TB

35、.F问题9选项A.TB.F问题10选项A.TB.F【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B第6题:B第7题:A第8题:B第9题:A第10题:A【解析】1.根据题干定位到文章第一段中的 I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes.译为：在过去的几个星期，我一直都害怕入睡。 终于我实在是因为太累而入睡了，但是却也只是眯了几分钟。可知此题应选择F。2.根据题干定位到文章第三段 “In he

36、r hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood.”译为：在她的头发中有三个丝带，分别是蓝色、绿色和 白色。这让我想起了童年的美好时光。因此题干表述错误，是姑娘头上的丝带让作者想到了童年的美好时光，而不是姑娘本身，选F。3.由题干可定位到文章第五段 “I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs in them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and

37、 green silk.” 译为：我重新把目光投向裙子，这些裙子上面粉红色和绿色丝带呈现出方形、三角形和圆形。题干表述正确，故选T。4.由题干可定位到文章第四段中 “I dont speak Laotian very well”中文翻译为：我的老挝语说得不好。以及第六段中 “She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers.” 中文翻译为：对于我能说一些他们国家的语言她感到非常开心，虽然我说的只是一些数字。可推断出作者能够说一些老挝语，虽然说

38、得不怎么好，故选T。5.根据题干定位到文章中第五段 “I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia.”，中文翻译为“我决定将其中的一条裙子实回 去，并且开始和她讨价还价。在亚洲国家，讨价还价是一种习俗”。因此可知题干的前半部分表述正确，后半部分错误。故选F。6.根据题干定位到文章中第六段 “The price was too low. She was being too generous and w

39、ouldnt make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase.”，中文翻译为：这个价格实在是太低了。她太慷慨了，几乎赚不到什么钱。担心她因为我买得多而再次降低价格，我迅速地再挑了两条裙子，付钱，然后离开。可以推测出作者是因为觉得价格太低了想要补偿，于是多买了两条。题干表述错误，故选F。7.根据题干定位到文章中

40、第六段 “for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.”中文翻译为：这是数月以来我第一次感到精神放松，几乎感到有些高兴。再联系上一题的分析。可以得知题干表述正确，选T。8.题干的中文翻译为：作者肯定来自亚洲的另一个地方，因为她知道在当地文化中如何举止得体。而文章内容并没有提及到该方面，故选F。9.题干的中文翻译为：市场上的女人其实完全理解作者，而且知道得很清楚作者喜欢那些丝带。根据文章内容可知这是正确的，故选T。10.题干的中文翻译为：当作者最终看到裙子时哭了，因为她被这个女人的慷慨精神深深感动。从文章

41、中最后一段中 “There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry.”中文翻译为：对于她这种慷慨精神毫无防御，这次我哭了可知作者最终是因为被这位老挝姑娘的慷慨精神深深感动，故选T。3. 单选题A Professor stood before his philosophy class and had some items in front of him. When the class began, wordlessly, he picked up a very large and empty mayonnaise

42、jar and proceeded to fill it with golf balls. He then asked the students if the jar was full. They agreed that it was.So the Professor then picked up a box of pebbles and poured them into the jar. He shook the jar lightly. The pebbles rolled into the open areas between the golf balls. He then asked

43、the students again if the jar was full. They agreed it was.The Professor next picked up a box of sand and poured it into the jar. Of course, the sand filled up everything else. He asked once more if the jar was full. The students responded with a unanimous Yes.The Professor then produced two cans of

44、 beer from under the table and poured the entire contents into the jar, effectively filling the empty space between the sand. The students laughed.“Now,” said the Professor, as the laughter subsided, “I want you to recognize that this jar represents your life.”The golf balls are the important things

45、your family, your children, your health, your friends, your favorite passions things that if everything else was lost and only they remained, your life would still be full.The pebbles are the other things that matter like your job, your house, your car. The sand is everything elsethe small stuff.“If

46、 you put the sand into the jar first”, he continued, there is no room for the pebbles or the golf balls. The same goes for life. If you spend all your time and energy on the small stuff, you will never have room for the things that are important to you. Pay attention to the things that are critical

47、to your happiness. Play with your children. Take time to get medical checkups. Take your partner out to dinner. Play another 18. There will always be time to clean the house, and fix the disposal. Take care of the golf balls first, the things that really matter. Set your priorities. The rest is just

48、 sand.When he had finished, there was a profound silence. Then one of the students raised her hand and with a puzzled expression, inquired what was the beer represented.The Professor smiled. Im glad you asked. It just goes to show you that no matter how full your life may seem, theres always room fo

49、r a couple of beers.Lesson: When things in your life seem almost too much to handle, when 24 hours in a day are not enough, remember the mayonnaise jar.and the beer.1.The professor illustrated his point by（ ） .2.When the professor poured the beer into the jar, the students most probably would not（ ）

50、 .3.The author tends to compare house cleaning to （ ）.4.The professor employed the beer to signify（ ） .5.By writing the story, the author intends to be（ ） .问题1选项A.analogyB.exemplifyingC.punningD.personification问题2选项A.find it unexpectedB.be amazed by himC.appreciate his wisdomD.understand his intensi

51、on问题3选项A.the golf ballsB.the pebblesC.the sandD.the beer问题4选项A.tricks to make life more beautifulB.relaxation no matter how full life isC.things that are unnecessary for lifeD.that we can always find leisure time问题5选项A.philosophicalB.enlighteningC.encouragingD.informative【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:

52、B【解析】1.判断推理题。A项“类比”；B项“举例；例示”；C项“双关”；D项“拟人法”。短文第六段 “The golf balls are the important thingsyour family, your children, your health, your friends”高尔夫球好比我们生活中重要的东西家庭、孩子、健康、朋友”以及第七段“The pebbles are the other things that matter like your job, your house, your car”鹅卵石好比其他重要的东西工作、房子、车子作者运用一系列类比，故选A。2.判断推理

53、题。A项“觉得意外”；B项“感到吃惊”；C项“欣赏他的智慧”；D项“理解他的意图”。注意题干要求“当教授将啤酒倾倒进蛋黄酱罐子，学生们最不可能会”。短文第五段中教授说“我想你们认识到这个蛋黄酱罐代表你们的生活”可推知“学生们不可能明白教授将啤酒倾倒进蛋黄酱罐子的意图”；从学生们对于教授几次将不同东西填充到罐子中的反应可以推断出学生们“意外、吃惊、欣赏教授的智慧”，故选D项。3.事实细节题。A项“高尔夫球”指“生活中重要的东西家庭、孩子、健康、朋友及喜好”；B项“鹅卵石”指代“工作、房子和汽车”；C项“沙子”指“生活中其他一切琐事”；D项“啤酒”指代“生活中的休闲”。短文第八段第一句“如果你先用

54、沙子将蛋黄酱罐子装满，那么里面就没有放鹅卵石和高尔夫球的空间”以及第八段中“There will always be time to clean the house, and fix the disposal.打扫房间和处理废物的时间总是有的”等细节可知作者将打扫房间比作沙子，故选C。4.判断推理题。A.项“让生活变得更美好的小窍门”；B项“不管生活多满也要放松”；C项“生活中不必要的事情”；D项“我们总能找到闲暇的时间”。短文倒数第二段“.no matter how full your life may seem, theres always room for a couple of bee

55、rs.不管你的生活看起来多满（即忙碌）；总会有喝杯啤酒的时间”可推断出“教授用啤酒暗示我们总能找到闲暇的时间”， 故选D。5.判断推理题。A项“哲学的”；B项“使人启发的”；C项“鼓励的”；D项“提供有用信息的;使人增进知识的”。由最后一段“教训：当生活中的事情多到似乎无法掌控时，当一天24小时都不够用时，请记住蛋黄酱罐子和啤酒”可推断出作者写这个故事是为了启发人们，让人们懂得把最重要的事情放在首位，而小事情总能找到时间来做，故选B。4. 单选题The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was

56、 judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and

57、 concepts with face validityThere is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with pa

58、tients, colleagues, insurers and governments.The behaviors under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behavior are alm

59、ost a norm. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant; there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behavior and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the

60、market place.Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favor candidates with integrity and positive ethical behavior-if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in adv

61、ance. Medical school should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behavior of medical students does not necessarily improve; indee

62、d, moral development may actually stop or even regress.The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential. It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of integrity. Medical schools must make their institutional position and

63、 their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one. The development of a schools culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing. Moreover, the schools examination system and general treatment of students must b

64、e perceived as fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm，fair, transparent, and consistent.1.What does the author say about cheating in medical schools?2.According to the author, it is important to prevent cheating in medical schools because（ ）.3.What does the author say about the cause(s) of cheating?4.According to the author, wha