2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷69

《2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷69》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷69（19页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 翻译题Section B Chinese to English Translation (20 points)Directions: Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on your ANSWER SHEET.（41）“一带一路”的独特部分是强调建立陆地和海洋基础设施。基础设施是所有国家的永久性需求。由于各国对基础设施的普遍重视，区域性的基础设施和联通项目建设从政治上来说相对容易往前推进。这些项目将自然地增加贸易、投资

2、和各国之间人民的交流。跨国基础设施项目服务于跨境贸易的增长目标，因而是比自由贸易协定更容易促进贸易的方式，而这是当今世界上很多国家都强烈反对的。（42）中国迄今为止已成功实现了渐进式经济下滑，接下来的问题是如何实现长期可持续增长。看看增长的需求端，投资长期以来已成为主要驱动。尽管中国的人均资本存量比更发达的经济体低，(中国)仍然需要实现从投资向消费的逐渐平衡，以避免进一步的资本错配及其负面影响，如一些行业和房地产的过剩。中国在两年前就已经开始这种再平衡努力了，最近的政府工作报告及2017年国民经济与社会发展计划草案又重申了对促进消费的重视。【答案】41. The unique part of

3、the Belt and Road lies in emphasizing the establishment of terrestrial and marine infrastructure. And infrastructure is a permanent need for all countries. As countries generally attach importance to infrastructure, the construction of regional infrastructure and connecting projects is relatively ea

4、sy to move forward politically. These projects will naturally increase trade, investment and exchanges among people from different countries. Transnational infrastructure projects serve the growth goals of cross-border trade. And therefore, an easier way to promote trade than free trade agreements,

5、which many countries in the world today strongly oppose.42. China has so far managed a gradual economic downturn, and the next question is how to achieve long-term sustainable growth. Considering the growing demand side, investment has long been the main driver. Although Chinas capital stock per cap

6、ita is lower than that of a more developed economies, a gradual balance from investment to consumption is needed to avoid further capital misallocation and its negative effects, such as excess in some industries and real estate. China began this rebalancing effort two years ago, and the recent gover

7、nment work report and the 2017 Draft Plan for National Economic and Social Development reaffirmed the emphasis on boosting consumption.2. 单选题The national bank has been uncommonly powerful in comparison to its counterparts in other nations. It retains this potency partly because its control of the na

8、tions banking system is unencumbered by governmental interference, and thus its actions remain largely _.问题1选项A.discretionaryB.bureaucraticC.compulsoryD.lucrative【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项discretionary“自由决定的”；B选项bureaucratic“官僚主义的”；C选项compulsory“义务性的”；D选项lucrative“获利多的”。句意：与其他国家的同类银行相比，国家银行一直非常强大。它之所以保持这种

9、效力，部分原因是它对国家银行体系的控制没有受到政府干预的阻碍，因此它的行动在很大程度上仍然是_。根据语境，这里指国家银行没有受政府干预的阻碍，在行动上比较自由，所以discretionary“自由决定的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题The student continued to do mischief in class even though his teacher repeatedly told him _.问题1选项A.not doingB.notC.not toD.to【答案】C【解析】考查动词搭配。句意：这个学生在课堂上继续恶作剧，尽管他的老师一再告诉他不要这样做。根据动词

10、搭配tell sb.(not) to do sth.确定C选项not to符合题意。因此C选项正确。4. 单选题Packed like sardines into sweaty, claustrophobic subway carriages, passengers can barely breathe, _ move about freely.问题1选项A.as well asB.disregard forC.let aloneD.not mentioning【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项as well as“也；不但而且”；B选项disregard for“漠视”；C选项let a

11、lone“更不用说；不打扰”；D选项not mentioning“没有提到”。句意：乘客像沙丁鱼一样挤在汗流浃背、幽闭恐怖的地铁车厢里，几乎无法呼吸，_自由走动。根据语境，这里是指车厢里面很挤，呼吸都困难，自由走动就更困难了，所以let alone“更不用说”符合题意。因此C选项正确。5. 单选题Am I to understand that his now post _ no responsibility with it at all?问题1选项A.keepsB.supportsC.carriesD.possesses【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项keeps“保持”；B选项suppo

12、rts“支持”；C选项carries“怀揣；携带”，carry responsibility with sth“对负责”；D选项possesses“拥有”。句意：我是否应该理解，他现在的职位对此事不_任何责任吗？根据短语carry responsibility with sth.和这里表示负责任，C选项carries“怀揣；携带”符合题意。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题_ was not our concern.问题1选项A.No matter how he might pass the examinationB.Whether he passed the examination or notC

13、.Though he might pass the examinationD.While he passed the examination【答案】B【解析】考查主语从句。句意：他考试及格与否不关我们的事。横线部分为主语从句。B选项Whether he passed the examination or not中whetheror not“无论，是否”，符合题意。A选项No matter how he might pass the examination去掉might选项符合语法，翻译成：无论他怎样通过考试。C选项Though he might pass the examination中tho

14、ugh“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，不符合语境。D选项While he passed the examination中while“当的时候”，引导时间状语从句，不符合语境。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题The _ question in this case is whether the accused had a motive for this crime or not.问题1选项A.crucialB.forcibleC.supremeD.valuable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项crucial“决定性的”；B选项forcible“有说服力的”；C选项supreme“最高的；极大的，

15、极其的”；D选项valuable“有价值的；重要的”。句意：这个案子的_问题是被告是否有犯罪动机。根据语境，A选项crucial“决定性的”比较符合犯罪动机在案件中的参考作用，符合题意。因此A选项正确。8. 单选题One day in 2008 an anonymous Twitter user posted a message: “I am certainly not bored, way busy! feel great!” That is all well and good, one might think, but utterly uninteresting to anyone bes

16、ides the author and, perhaps, a few friends. Not so, according to John Bollen, of Indiana University Bloomington, who collected the tweet, along with plenty of others sent that day. All were rated for emotional content. Many proved similarly chirpy, scoring high on confidence, energy and happiness.

17、Indeed, Dr. Bollen reckons, on the day the tweet was posted, Americas collective mood perked up a notch. When he and his team examined all the data for the autumn and winter of 2008, they found that Twitter users collective mood swings coincided with national events. Happiness shot up around Thanksg

18、iving, for example.The idea of tapping web-based data to build a real-time measure of users emotions and preference is not new. Nor is that of using the results to predict their behavior. Interest in internet forecasting was sparked by a paper published in 2009 by Hal Varian, Googles chief economist

19、. He found that the peaks and troughs in the volume of Google searches for certain products, such as cars and holidays, preceded fluctuations in sales of those products. Other researchers have shown that searches for job-related terms are a good predictor of unemployment rates and that mentions of p

20、olitical candidates on Twitter correlate with electoral outcomes.Dr. Bollen spotted another curious correlation. When he compared trends in the national mood with movements of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) he noticed that changes in one of the mood measures seven components, anxiety, predi

21、cted swings in the share-price index. Spikes in anxiety levels were followed, around three days later, by dips in the price of shares. Why his happens remains unclear, but one possible explanation is that the falling prices were caused by traders tendency to exit risky positions when feeling strung

22、up.Dr. Bollens algorithm, which he described in a paper published in February in the Journal of Computational Science, has been licensed to Derwent Capital Markets, a hedge fund based in London. Derwent will use it to help guide the investments made with a 25m ($41m) fund that the firm hopes to laun

23、ch in the next few months. Other funds are rumoured to be using similar tricks already.All such initiatives face a problem, though. Humans excel at extracting meaning and sentiment from even the tiniest snippets of text, a task that stumps machines. To a computer, a tweet that reads “Feeling joyful

24、after my trip to the dentist. Yeah, really” says that the author has been to the dentist and is now happy. Researchers have recently made strides in teaching machines to recognize such sarcasm, as well as double meanings of cultural references.16. We can infer from Paragraph 1 that _.17. By mentioni

25、ng Hal Varian, the author intends to state that _.18. Share-price goes down probably because of _.19. The underlined word “stump” refers to _.20. What does the quoted content of the last paragraph means?问题1选项A.Dr. Bollen has examined all the internet data of 2008 to do this researchB.tweets of one p

26、erson is totally boring, even to his/her friendsC.one Tweeter users feeling cannot represent Americas collective moodD.Tweeter users mood in the second half of 2008 accorded with the countrys events问题2选项A.his finding has aroused thinking and research on predictions based on Internet dataB.his findin

27、g has predicted the increase of unemployment rateC.his finding has forecast the price fluctuation of certain productsD.his finding has been highly valued by being published on newspaper问题3选项A.the hedge funds tricks having been revealedB.peoples concern about political electionC.experts prediction of

28、 swings in the indexD.peoples tendency to retreat investment when anxious问题4选项A.needB.puzzleC.surpassD.redefine问题5选项A.The algorithm of computers guided some fond companies investment.B.Machines cannot tell the hidden meaning of peoples words.C.The slang about dentist confuses computers.D.People are

29、good at a analyzing the meaning and mood of a text.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】16.事实细节题。根据第一段倒数第二句When he and his team examined all the data for the autumn and winter of 2008, they found that Twitter users collective mood swings coincided with national events.（他和他的团队检查了2008年秋冬的所有数据后，发现推特用户的集体情绪

30、波动与国家事件相一致。），可知D选项“推特用户在2008年下半年的情绪与国家的事件相符”正确；查阅的是2008年秋冬的数据，故A选项“为了做这项研究，博伦博士查阅了2008年所有的互联网数据”错误；一个推特用户是集体的体现，而集体情绪与国家事件相符合，所以一个推特用户可以代表国家的集体情绪，故C选项“一个推特用户的感受不能代表美国的集体情绪”错误。B选项“对用户和他的朋友来说，推特非常无聊”：根据第一段第二句That is all well and good, one might think, but utterly uninteresting to anyone besides the au

31、thor and, perhaps, a few friends.（人们可能会认为，这一切都很好，但除了作者本人，或许还有他的几个朋友之外，其他任何人都不会感兴趣。），可知对于推特用户和他朋友来说，推特不无聊，故错误。因此D选项正确。17.事实细节题。根据第二段第三句Interest in internet forecasting was sparked by a paper published in 2009 by Hal Varian, Googles chief economist.（谷歌首席经济学家哈尔瓦里安2009年发表的一篇论文激发了人们对互联网预测的兴趣。），可知作者想要表达A选

32、项“他的发现引起了对基于互联网数据的预测的思考和研究”，所以A选项正确。B选项“他的发现预测了失业率的上升”和C选项“他的发现预测了某些产品的价格波动”：是研究结果的一部分内容，不是作者的意图，故错误。D选项“他的发现被刊登在报纸上，受到高度评价”：文章没有提到人们对此的评价，故错误。因此A选项正确。18.事实细节题。根据第三段最后一句but one possible explanation is that the falling prices were caused by traders tendency to exit risky positions when feeling strung

33、 up.（但有可能价格下跌是由于交易员在感到紧张时倾向于退出风险。），可知股价下跌可能是因为D选项“人们在焦虑时倾向于撤回投资”，所以D选项正确。A选项“对冲基金的把戏已经被揭露了”和C选项“专家对指数波动的预测”：文章没有提到对冲基金和专家，故错误。B选项“人们对政治选举的关注”：文章没有提到政治和股票的关系，故错误。因此D选项正确。19.语义推测题。stump意思为把难住，A选项“需要”，B选项“使为难”，C选项“超越”，D选项“重新定义”。根据第五段第二句Humans excel at extracting meaning and sentiment from even the tini

34、est snippets of text, a task that stumps machines.（人类擅长从哪怕是最微小的文本片段中提取意义和情感，这是机器无法完成的任务。），根据语境，人类可以知道文本的意义与情感，推测stump代表机器不能做到，因此B选项“使为难”正确。20.推理判断题。根据第五段第二句Humans excel at extracting meaning and sentiment from even the tiniest snippets of text, a task that stumps machines.（人类擅长从哪怕是最微小的文本片段中提取意义和情感，这

35、是机器无法完成的任务。），然后作者举出机器如何识别文本的内涵证明这个观点，所以B选项“机器不能辨别人的话语中隐藏的意思”正确，C选项“关于牙医的俚语使电脑困惑”和D选项“人们善于分析文章的意思和语气”不是这里的重点，故错误。A选项“计算机算法引导了一些基金公司的投资”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此B选项正确。9. 单选题Recorded _ of todays big football game will be shown after news.问题1选项A.summitsB.peaksC.heightsD.highlights【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项summits“最高点；首脑

36、会议”；B选项peaks“高峰的（时期）；（过程、活动的）顶峰”；C选项heights“顶点；高潮”；D选项highlights“最精彩的部分”。句意：今天录制的足球_将在新闻之后播放。根据语境，这里指足球比赛的精华集锦，D选项highlights“最精彩的部分”符合题意。因此D选项正确。10. 单选题In the search for solution to seemingly overwhelming problems, it became increasingly _ to include radical, even revolutionary ideas.问题1选项A.stableB.

37、absoluteC.immortalD.plausible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项stable“稳定的”；B选absolute项“绝对的”；C选项immortal“不朽的”；D选项plausible“看似合理的”。句意：在寻找看似无法解决的问题的解决方案时，激进的，甚至是革命性的主意越来越_。根据语境，plausible“看似合理的”搭配ideas“主意”比较合理，指激进的方法更加可行，D选项plausible“看似合理的”符合题意。因此D选项正确。11. 单选题The United States court system, as part of the federal Sys

38、tem of government, is characterized by dual judicial systems; there are both state and federal-courts. Each state has its own system of courts, composed of civil and criminal trial courts, sometimes intermediate courts of appeal, and a state Supreme Court. The federal court system, consists of serie

39、s of trial courts (called district courts) serving relatively small geographic regions (there is at least one for every state), a tier of circuit courts of appeal that hear appeals from many district courts in a particular geographic region, and the Supreme Court of the United States. The two court

40、systems are to some extent overlapping, in that certain kinds of disputes may be initiated in either system. They are also to some extent hierarchical (等级制度的), for the federal system stands above the state system in that litigant (person engaged in lawsuits) who lose their cases in the state supreme

41、 court may appeal their eases to the Supreme Court of the United States.Thus, the typical court case begins in a trial courta court of general jurisdictionin the state or federal system. Most cases go no further than the trial court; for example, the criminal defendant is convicted by a trial and se

42、ntenced by the court and the case end; the personal injury suit results in a judgment by a trial court (or an out-of-court settlement by the parties while the court suit is pending) and the parties leave the court system. But sometimes the losing party at the trial court cares enough about the cause

43、 that the matter does not end there. In these cases, the “loser” at the trial court may appeal to the next higher court.21. What does the passage mainly discuss?22. According to the passage, district courts are also known as _.23. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, “engaged in” means _.24.

44、 The passage indicated that litigants who lose their cases in the state trial court may take them to a _.25. It can be inferred from the passage that typical court cases are _.问题1选项A.Civil and criminal trial courts.B.Typical court cases.C.The court system in the United States.D.The appeal court proc

45、ess.问题2选项A.circuit courtsB.intermediate courtsC.supreme courtsD.trial courts问题3选项A.committed toB.attentive toC.involved inD.absorbed in问题4选项A.different court in the same stateB.Federal trial courtC.State Supreme CourtD.Court in another state问题5选项A.always appealedB.usually resolved in the district co

46、urtsC.always overlappingD.usually settled by the Supreme Court【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】21.事实细节题。根据第一段第一句The United States court system, as part of the federal System of government, is characterized by dual judicial systems; there are both state and federal-courts.（美国法院制度作为联邦政府制度的一部分，其特点是双重司法

47、制度；州法院和联邦法院同时存在。），后文以此展开，所以C选项“美国的法院系统”正确，A选项“民事和刑事审判法庭”，B选项“典型的法庭案例”和D选项“上诉法院程序”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。22.事实细节题。根据第一段第三句series of trial courts (called district courts)（一系列的初审法院，也就是地方法院），可知D选项“初审法院”正确。A选项“巡回法院”，B选项“中级法院”和C选项“最高法院”不符合题意。因此D选项正确。23.语义推测题。engaged in的意思是“从事，参加，参与”。根据第一段最后一句litigant (person engag

48、ed in lawsuits) who lose their cases in the state supreme court may appeal their eases to the Supreme Court of the United States.（在州最高法院败诉的当事人（参与诉讼的人）可以向美国最高法院上诉。），当事人参与诉讼，所以C选项“牵涉进，参与”正确。A选项“决心从事；致力于”，B选项“留意”和D选项“全神贯注于”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。24.义推测题。根据第一段最后一句litigant (person engaged in lawsuits ) who lose t

49、heir cases in the state supreme court may appeal their eases to the Supreme Court of the United States.（在州最高法院败诉的当事人（参与诉讼的人）可以向美国最高法院上诉。），可知C选项“国家最高法院”正确。A选项“同一个州的不同法院”，B选项“联邦初审法院”和D选项“另一个州的法院”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。25.事实细节题。根据第二段第一句Thus, the typical court case begins in a trial courta court of general juris

50、dictionin the state or federal system.（因此，典型的法院案件始于州或联邦体系的初审法院具有一般管辖权的法院。），可知B选项“通常在地区法院解决”正确，D选项“通常由最高法院解决”错误。A选项“常常提起上诉”和C选项“总是重叠”没有提到。因此B选项正确。12. 单选题The teacher said that he wouldnt tolerate _ late every day.问题1选项A.for me to arriveB.me arrivedC.me to arriveD.my arriving【答案】D【解析】考查动词用法。句意：老师说他不能容忍

51、我每天迟到。tolerate sth.意为“忍受某事”；tolerate doing sth.意为“忍受继续做相同的事”；tolerate to do sth.意为“忍受做另一件事”，所以D选项my arriving作宾语符合题意。因此D选项正确。13. 单选题While the companys CEO professes to be confident and urges the deal forward, its investors are unlikely to be so _ about its prospects. Many were uncomfortable at the wa

52、y the corporation was forced to spend much of its capital in last years expansion, and this new venture is potentially even more risky.问题1选项A.apatheticB.sanguineC.apprehensiveD.anxious【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项apathetic“无动于衷的；缺乏兴趣的”；B选项sanguine“乐观的，充满希望的”；C选项apprehensive“忧虑的”；D选项anxious“担忧的；急切的”。句意：虽然该公司的

53、首席执行官声称有信心并敦促该交易继续进行，但其投资者不太可能对其前景如此_。根据while“虽然”，这里指CEO“首席执行官”和investors“投资者”态度相反，sanguine“乐观的，充满希望的”和confident“充满信心”意思相近，搭配unlikely to符合题意。因此B选项正确。14. 单选题The United States Food and Drag Administration has shown itself to be particularly wary with regard to alleged “miracle” drugs in recent years.问

54、题1选项A.bellicoseB.exhaustedC.cautiousD.strange【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项bellicose“好战的”；B选项exhausted“精疲力竭的”；C选项cautious“谨慎的”；D选项strange“奇怪的”。句意：近年来，美国食品药品监督管理局对所谓的神药的态度开始特别谨慎。根据语境，C选项cautious“谨慎的”比较符合对miracle drugs“神药”的态度，和wary“谨慎的”同义，符合题意。因此C选项正确。15. 单选题Thomas Edisons first patented invention was a device

55、_ in Congress.问题1选项A.for counting votesB.that counting votesC.counts votesD.counted votes【答案】A【解析】考查后置定语。句意：托马斯爱迪生的第一个专利发明是在国会计算选票的装置。A选项for counting votes表明了装置的目的，放在句子里作后置定语，符合逻辑和语法，故正确。B选项that counting votes用that引导定语从句应该使用谓语动词counts而不是表示主动语态的非谓语动词counting，故错误；同理，C选项counts votes应该添加that，故错误。D选项coun

56、ted votes的被动语态不符合装置主动发出计票动作的语境，故错误。因此A选项正确。16. 单选题We accept anybody regardless _ nationality.问题1选项A.toB.forC.ofD.in【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。B选项regardless for“尊重；考虑到”；C选项regardless of“不管，无论”；A选项regardless to和D选项regardless in非固定搭配。句意：我们接受任何人，_国籍。根据语境，这里指接受每个国家的人，C选项regardless of“不管，无论”符合题意。因此C选项正确。17. 翻译题41.我们

57、必须全面深化改革，以释放市场活力对冲经济下行压力。42.尽管财政收入增速放缓，支出压力加大，但我们要坚持以人为本，持续增加民生投入。43.在基础设施、公共事业等领域，应积极推广政府和社会资本合作模式。44.我们要全面推进依法治国，加快建设法治政府、创新政府、廉洁政府和服务型政府。45.中国节能环保市场潜力巨大，它可以成为新兴的支柱产业。【答案】41. In order to invigorate the market to offset downward economic pressure, we must comprehensively deepen reform.42. Despite t

58、he slowdown in the growth of government revenue and increased pressure on expenditures, we must continue to put people first, sustaining increases to spending in areas that are important to improving standards of living.43. Efforts should be made to promote Public-Private-Partnership in infrastructu

59、re, public utilities and other areas.44. We will fully promote the law-based governance of the country; move more swiftly to build an innovative, clean, service-oriented rule of law government.45. There is enormous potential in Chinas market for energy conservation and environmental protection; ener

60、gy conservation and environmental protection industry can develop into a new pillar of the economy.18. 单选题We have been hearing _ accounts of your work.问题1选项A.favoredB.favorableC.favoriteD.favoring【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项favored“受惠的；受到优待的”；B选项favorable“赞许的；起促进作用的”；C选项favorite“最喜欢的”；D选项favoring“有帮助的”。句意：我

61、们一直听到对你工作的_评价。accounts“表现好或不好”搭配favorable“赞许的”比较合理，在这里指对工作的好评。因此B选项正确。19. 单选题What do you think of Toms proposal that _ put on the play at tonights ceremony?问题1选项A.we will notB.we notC.we hadntD.we wouldnt【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：汤姆提议我们不在今晚的典礼上演出，你觉得怎么样?“一个坚持（insist）、两个命令（order, command）、三个建议（advise, sugge

62、st, propose）、四个要求（demand, require, request, ask）”这类虚拟语气由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略，所以B选项we not符合题意。因此B选项正确。20. 单选题Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely _ to the outside world.问题1选项A.being lostB.having lostC.losingD.lost【答案】D【解析】考查伴随状语。句意：安娜正在看一部科幻小说，完全迷失在外面的世界里。横线前后两部分动作同时进行，表示伴随状态，根据固定搭配be lost to还原句子为She was completely