2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷25

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1、2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Jogging has become the most popular individual sport in America. Many theories, even some mystical ones, have been advanced to explain the popularity of jogging. The plain truth is that jogging is a cheap, quick and efficient way to maintain (or achieve) phy

2、sical fitness.The most useful sort of exercise is exercise that develops the heart, lungs, and circulatory systems. If these systems are fit, the body is ready for almost any sport and for almost any sudden demand made by work or emergencies. One can train more specifically, as by developing strengt

3、h for weight lifting or the ability to run straight ahead for short distances with great powers in football, but running trains your heart and lungs to deliver oxygen more efficiently to all parts of your body. It is worth noting that this sort of exercise is the only kind that can reduce heart dise

4、ase, the number one cause of death in America.Only one sort of equipment is neededa good pair of shoes. Physicians advise beginning joggers not to run in a tennis or gym shoe. Many design advances have been made in only the last several years that make an excellent running shoe indispensable if a ru

5、nner wishes to develop as quickly as possible, with as little chance of injury as possible. A good running shoe will have a soft pad for absorbing shock, as well as a slightly built-up heel and a full heel cup that will give the knee and ankle more stability. A wise investment in good shoes will pre

6、vent blisters and the foot, ankle and knee injuries and will also enable the wearer to run on paved or soft surfaces.No other special equipment is needed; you can jog in any clothing, you desire, even your street clothes. Many joggers wear expensive, flashy warm-up suits, but just as many wear a sim

7、ple pair of gym shoes and T-shirt; in fact, many people just jog in last years clothes. In cold weather, several layers of clothing are better than one heavy sweater or coat. If joggers are wearing several layers of clothing, they can add or subtract layers as conditions change.It takes surprisingly

8、 little time to develop the ability to run. The American Jogging Association has a twelve-week program designed to move form a fifteen-minute walk (which almost anyone can manage who is in reasonable health) to a thirty-minute run. A measure of common sense, a physical examination, and a planned sch

9、edule are all it takes.1.They main purpose of this passage is to （ ）.2.The most useful kind of exercise is exercise that（ ）.3.We can conclude from this passage that（ ）.4.The authors tone（ ）.5.As used in this passage, the word “mystical” means（ ）.问题1选项A.discuss jogging as a physical fitness programB.

10、describe the type of clothing needed for joggingC.provide scientific evidence of the benefits of joggingD.distinguish between jogging as a common sense fitness program and a cult (崇拜)movement问题2选项A.trains the body for weight liftingB.enables a person to run straight ahead for Short distances with gr

11、eat powerC.is both beneficial and inexpensiveD.develops the heart, lungs, and circulatory systems问题3选项A.because of jogging, heart disease is no longer an American problemB.jogging can be harmful if the runner is not properly preparedC.warm-up suits are preferable to gym shoes and T-shirtsD.jogging i

12、s bad for the ankles and knees问题4选项A.skepticalB.aggressiveC.approvingD.purely objective问题5选项A.awesomeB.horrifyingC.a spiritual disciplineD.vicious【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章首段提出慢跑是一种简便易行的且可以保持健康的运动方式。之后分别讨论了跑步鞋、着装、跑步能力。故选A。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词The most useful kind of exercise定位至第二段:. The m

13、ost useful sort of exercise is e0了，xercise that develops the heart, lungs, and circulatory systems(最有效的运动方式就是可以训练心脏、肺部以及整个血液循环系统的运动)。故选D。3.判断推理题。第三段指出, 对于慢跑者来说选择合理的跑步鞋的重要性。由此腿短, 如果慢跑者没有做好准备, 慢跑也可能会造成损害。故选B。4.观点态度题。文章指出慢跑简便易行而且可以保持健康,还可以减少患心脏病的几率。故选C。5.词义题。“mystical”出现在第一段, 用于修饰“ones”(指代many theories

14、)。第一段主要指出慢跑这一运动项目广受欢迎,并有助于保持身体健康。故选C。2. 单选题Henrys close to （ ）his brother made people mistake them for one another.问题1选项A.resemblanceB.identityC.appearanceD.relationship【答案】A【解析】句意: 麦克和弟弟长得十分相像，因此人们常常把他们俩认错。名词辨析。Resemblance相似,后面可接介词to; identity 身份; appearance外貌; relationship 关系。因此排除B ,D。另外,没有 “appea

15、rance to”的用法, 故选A。3. 单选题Einstein discovered the laws that govern the universe, not in a lab or in an（ ） , but at the desk in his study.问题1选项A.orchardB.orbitC.observatoryD.outlet【答案】C【解析】句意: 爱因斯坦不是在实验室或者天文台发现了宇宙的规律，而是在他的书房的桌子上。名词辨析。Orchard果园，果树林; orbit轨道，眼眶; observatory天文台,气象台; outlet出口，排放孔。空格应该与or连接

16、的lab(实验室)并列, 故选C。4. 单选题The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize on this emerging int

17、erest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their focus was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mas

18、s, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts. These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits. In recent years, however, wei

19、ght training has again become increasingly popular for males and for females. Many current programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well.Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance,

20、 not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as wel

21、l. The American College of Sports Medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans. Increased participation in such training is one of the specific physical activity and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Dise

22、ase Prevention Objectives.1.The word spas (Line 3, Para. 1) most probably refers to （ ）.2.Early fitness spas were intended mainly for（ ）.3.What was the attitude of doctors towards weight training in health improvement?4.People were given physical fitness tests in order to find out（ ）.5.Recent studie

23、s have suggested that weight training（ ）.问题1选项A.sports activitiesB.places for physical exerciseC.recreation centersD.athletic training programs问题2选项A.the promotion of aerobic exerciseB.endurance and muscular developmentC.the improvement of womens figuresD.better performance in aerobic dancing问题3选项A.

24、Positive.B.IndifferentC.NegativeD.Cautious问题4选项A.how well they could do in athletics.B.what their health condition was likeC.what kind of fitness center was suitable for themD.whether they were fit for aerobic exercise问题5选项A.has become an essential part of peoples lifeB.may well affect the health of

25、 the traineesC.will attract more people in the days to comeD.contributes to health improvements as well【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.词义题。spas所在句为: Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to ca

26、pitalize on this emerging interest in fitness.( 随着上百万人投入到有氧操运动中， 数以千计的health spas在全国内发展开来，企图在这场健身热潮中获利)。因此spas应该指某场所, 排除A、D。而文章讨论的主题是健身运动而不是娱乐休闲，故答案选项为B项 “健身锻炼场所”。2.细节事实题。第一段指出: their focus was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, strength, and e

27、ndurance in their primarily male enthusiasts (他们关注的不是有氧运动，而是旨在培养男性爱好者肌肉质量、力量和耐力的重量训练项目), 这里的their指的早期健身场所。因此选B “耐力和肌肉发育”。3.观点态度题。文章指出: These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training progr

28、ams offered few, if any, health benefits (这些健身场所井没有从这场热潮中获得很好的经济收益因为医学观点认为，体重训练项目对健康的益处很少（就算有的话）)。由此可见，医学观点（也就是医生的观点）对weight training的态度应该是非常消极的，可以选择C。4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词physical fitness tests定位至最后一段: Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endur

29、ance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics (过去，多数健康测试通常包含肌肉力量和耐力项目，这不是出于对健康的考虑，而是因为这些因素与体育竞技成绩相关), 因此选A “了解他们在体育竞技中能获得怎样的成绩”。5.细节事实题。第二段指出: However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs desig

30、ned primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well (然而最近有证据表明，主要用来提升肌肉力量和耐力的训练项目对健康也是有好处的)。因此选D “负重训练对健康也是有好处的”。5. 单选题Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th （ ）the birth ofJesus Christ.问题1选项A.in accordance withB.in te

31、rms ofC.in favor ofD.in honor of【答案】D【解析】句意: 圣诞节是基督教祌圣的日子，通常在12月25日举行庆祝，以纪念耶稣基督的诞辰。短语辨析。in accordance with 依照, 与一致; in terms of 就而言, 根据；in favor of 赞成; in honor of向 表示敬意, 为庆祝。故D符合句意。6. 单选题Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He or she asks the assembled

32、 crowd in the auction-room to make offers, or “bids”，for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures, and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down” the goods. For the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a

33、 table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum.The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin auction, meaning “increase”. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called “sub b

34、asra,” meaning “under the spear”，a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold “by the candle”，a short candle was lit by the auctioneer; and bids could be made while it stayed alight.An auction is usually adverti

35、sed beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by possible buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot” is usually given a number. The auctioneer need

36、not begin with Lot 1 and continue in numerical order. He may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneers services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The

37、 auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible.Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruit and vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and pr

38、operty, antique, furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. The auction rooms at Christies and Sothebys in London and New York are world famous.1.Auctioned goods are sold （ ）.2.The end of the bidding is called “knocking down” because（ ）.3.The Romans used to sell（ ）by auctio

39、n.4.A candle used to bum at auction sales（ ）.5.The auctioneer may decide to sell the out of order because（ ）.问题1选项A.for the highest price offeredB.only at fixed pricesC.at a price less than their true valueD.very cheaply问题2选项A.the auctioneer knocks the buyer dowB.the auctioneer knocks the rostrum do

40、wnC.the goods are knocked down on to the tableD.the auctioneer bangs the table with a hammer问题3选项A.spoil goodsB.property taken from the enemyC.old worn-out weaponsD.spears问题4选项A.because they took place at nightB.as a signal for the crowd togetherC.to limit the time when offers could be madeD.to keep

41、 the auctioneer warm问题5选项A.he sometimes wants to confuse the buyers.B.he know from experience that certain people will want to buy certain items.C.he wants to keep certain people waiting.D.he wants to reduce the number.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段: He encourages buyers to bid higher

42、figures, and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods (他鼓励买者给出更高的价钱， 最后选定出价最高的这位买。由此可知拍卖品以最高价卖出。故选A。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“knocking down”定位至第一段: This is called “knocking down” the goods. “这就是成交 ”和第五句 For the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stan

43、ds (因为当拍卖师用一个锤子敲击他面前的小桌子时，拍卖结束)。因此D项 “因为拍卖师会用一个锤子敲击桌子”正确。3.细节事实题。第二段说明了古罗马人所拍卖物品: The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war (罗马人通常用这种方法出售战利品)。故选A “缴获物品，奖品”。4.细节事实题。第二段指出:a short candle was lit by the auctioneer; and bids could be made while it stayed alight (拍卖师会点燃一根短蜡烛，在蜡烛燃烧的吋候进行拍

44、卖活动)。因此选C “限制拍卖会竞价吋间”。5.判断推理题。根据题干关键词Lots定位至第三段: The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in numerical order, He may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room (拍卖师不需要从第一个序号开始然后按照顺序来, 在拍卖师会在确定对商品感兴趣的买家到来之后才开始拍卖)。故选B “拍卖师可以依据经验知道某些买家想购买哪些物品”。7. 单选题Hardly a day

45、goes by （ ）I write to my family.问题1选项A.whenB.sinceC.butD.before【答案】C【解析】句意: 我几乎每天都跟家人写信。语法题。But在这里为关系词, 相当于that+not。8. 单选题There are as good fish in the sea （ ）ever came out of it.问题1选项A.thanB.likeC.asD.so【答案】C【解析】句意:海里的好鱼多得是（强中更有强中手）。固定搭配。 “as （作副词用）+形容词或副词+as （作连词用）”表示同级比较。9. 单选题The seats in the se

46、cond plane（ ）.问题1选项A.had been almost all filledB.had all been almost filledC.had almost all been filledD.had almost been filled all【答案】A【解析】考察固定搭配。题干句意为：第二架飞机的座位_。almost all 几乎全部。almost all为固定搭配。因此排除B、D，该句是过去完成时，almost all 修饰动词时，通常应放在行为动词之前（filled），故选A项。10. 翻译题Have you heard of the news? No sooner h

47、ad he arrived in Rome than he was kidnapped!Smith failed to account for the decrease in the companys annual profits.No one could come up with an easy solution to the labor shortage which is caused by the wars.Although the end of the term was close at hand, Tom had not completed all off the projects

48、he had hoped to finish.I dont think it is sensible of you to show off your greater knowledge in front of the chairman, for it may well offend him.It doesnt make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.The flood-stricken area is liable to plagues, so it makes sense t

49、o strengthen the epidemic prevention there for the sake of health.The government had to come to terms with the trade union for fear that the situation might be beyond control.The scientific and technological progress is attributed to the efforts of the scientists, engineers and other technical worke

50、rs who have made a difference.He should have told the truth. But on second thought, he resolved to keep the secret.【答案】你听说了吗？他一到罗马就被绑架了。斯密斯没能解释公司年利润下降的原因。没人能提出一个合适的方案来解决由这场战争导致的劳工短缺问题。尽管就要学期末了，但是汤姆还没有完成所有他想完成的项目。我觉得你在校长面前炫耀自己丰富的知识是不明智的，因为这可能会冒犯他。当便宜的大衣跟贵的一样好的时候，那还买贵的就没意义了。遭受洪灾的地区容易发生瘟疫，所以为了健康而加强流行病防

51、疫是有意义的。政府不得不与工会达成协议，唯恐局面失控。科技进步归功于科学家、工程师和其他技术工作者做出的努力。他本应该说出真相的。但进一步考虑后，他决定保守秘密。11. 单选题Outside my office window there is a fire （ ）on the right.问题1选项A.escapeB.ladderC.stepsD.stairs【答案】A【解析】句意: 我办公室的窗外右侧有一个安全出口。固定搭配。四个选项中常与fire搭配使用的是escape; fire escape意为“防火安全楼梯，安全出口”。12. 单选题It is not uncommon for th

52、ere （ ）problems of communication between the old and the young.问题1选项A.beingB.would beC.beD.to be【答案】D【解析】句意:老人与年轻人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。固定搭配。it is+形容词+for there to be.。13. 单选题He stood there, （ ）a pen.问题1选项A.asking forB.ask forC.asked forD.to ask for【答案】A【解析】句意:他站在那, 想要一只笔。语法题。考查动词的-ing形式作状语。此处已有谓语动词stood，所

53、以后面是ask的Ing 形式作伴随状语。故选A。14. 单选题It was shameful that the argument（ ）a handfight.问题1选项A.ended inB.came toC.ended upD.culminated in【答案】D【解析】句意: 争论以大打出手而告终真是可耻。短语辨析。end in 以告终; come to苏醒，发生; end up最后成了; culminate in以告终, 但强调以高潮结朿. 由题干关键信息大打出手判断D最符合。15. 单选题The manager needs an assistant that he can （ ）to

54、take care of problems in his absence.问题1选项A.count onB.count inC.count upD.count out【答案】A【解析】句意: 经理需要一个靠得住的助手，以便当他不在吋，可以帮助处理问题。短语辨析。count on依靠,依赖; count in把.算在内; count up加起来; count out 点数。故选A。16. 单选题The electric fan does not work because of the （ ）of service.问题1选项A.pauseB.breakC.interruptionD.breakdo

55、wn【答案】C【解析】句意: 由于服务中止，所以电风扇不转了。名词辨析。Pause暂停，间歇; break停顿，间歇; interruption中止，中断; breakdown损坏，故障。根据题目前半部分的信息可知the of service这个部分应该表示“服务中止/中断”的意思，故答案选项为C。17. 单选题His office is within （ ）from the post office.问题1选项A.a stones throwB.a throw of a stoneC.stones throwD.the stones throw【答案】A【解析】句意: 他的办公室与该邮局的距离

56、在一步之遥内。固定搭配。a stones throw 步之遥18. 单选题The boy has admitted to （ ）the window while playing football yesterday.问题1选项A.breakingB.having been brokenC.breakD.be breaking【答案】A【解析】句意: 那个男孩承认在昨天踢足球的时候打破了窗子。语法题。考查动词时态。admit to中的to是介词，后接动词吋需用-ing形式, 排除C，D；并且break是瞬间动词不能用完成时态，故答案选项为A。19. 单选题Id just as soon （ ）r

57、udely to her.问题1选项A.that you wont speakB.your not speakingC.you not speakD.you didnt speak【答案】D【解析】句意: 我倒宁愿你没有粗鲁地对她说话。语法题。考查虛拟语气。由句中关键词“just as soon倒宁愿”的对应知这里应该用一般过去时来表示与现在事实（即你粗鲁地对她说话）相反的虚拟语气，故D 项 “you didnt speak” 正确。20. 单选题Did you know that womens brains are smaller than mens? The average womens

58、brain weights 10% less than mens. Since research has shown that the bigger the brain, the clever the animal, men must be more intelligent than women. Right? Wrong. Men and women always score similarly on intelligence tests, despite the difference in brain size. Why? After years of study, researchers

59、 have concluded that its whats inside that matters, not just the size of brain. The brain consists of “grey matter” and “white matter”. While men have more of the latter, the amount of “thinking” brain is almost exactly the same in both sexes.It has been suggested that smaller brain appears to work

60、faster, perhaps because the two sides of the brain are better connected in women. This means that little girls tend to learn to speak earlier, and that women can understand sorts of information from different sources at the same time. When it comes to talking to the boss on the phone, cooking dinner

61、 and keeping an eye on the baby ail at the same time, its women who come out on top every time.There are other important differences between two sexes. As white matter is the key to spatial tasks, men know better where things are in relation to other things. “A great footballer always knows where he is in relation to the other players, and he knows where to go,” says one researcher. That may explain one of lifes great mysteries: why men refuse to ask for directions. and women often need to!The differences begin when fetuses are about nine weeks old, which can be seen