2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考前模拟强化练习题30（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The salesman approached the house cautiously when he saw the vicious dog at the door.问题1选项A.nervouslyB.bravelyC.carefullyD.deliberately【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. nervously 紧张地 B. bravely 勇敢地C. carefully 小心地 D. deliberately 故意地【考查点】语义衔接与副词辨析【解题思路】后文提到“门口有一只恶狗（the vicious

2、dog at the door）”，而“这个销售员在接近房子（approached the house）”，cautiously是用来修饰他接近房子的动作的，由此推断，因为有恶狗，所以他在靠近房子的时候非常小心，原词cautiously“谨慎地”，因此C选项carefully“小心地”与原词最接近。【干扰项排除】A选项nervously“紧张地”，与原词词义不相近；B选项bravely“勇敢地”，与原词词义不相近；D选项deliberately“故意地”，不符合原文语义。【句意】当推销员看到门口的那条恶狗时，他小心翼翼地走近那所房子。2. 单选题As the core of the manag

3、ement board, he can always come up with _ ideas to promote the corporations marketing strategies.问题1选项A.integralB.instinctiveC.intangibleD.ingenious【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. integral 不可或缺的 B. instinctive 本能的C. intangible 难以理解的 D. ingenious 巧妙的【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】空格处所填词修饰的是“主意（ideas）”，前文提到他是“管理委员会的核心”，后文提到这些主意“推动

4、公司的营销战略”。由此推测，该词首先要能形容“主意”，并且这种主意有利于推动公司的营销，因此，D选项ingenious“巧妙的”符合原文语义衔接。【干扰项排除】A选项integral“不可或缺的”，可支持的语义不够，能够推动企业的营销并不能说明是“不可或缺”；B选项instinctive“本能的”，不符合原文语义衔接；C选项intangible“难以理解的”，不符合原文语义衔接。【句意】作为管理委员会的核心，他总能想出巧妙的点子来推动公司的营销战略。3. 单选题Low interest rates created easy credit conditions, fueling a housin

5、g construction boom and encouraging consumption.问题1选项A.contaminatingB.extinguishingC.stimulatingD.transporting【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. contaminating 污染，弄脏 B. extinguishing （使）消亡，破灭C. stimulating 激励；促进 D. transporting 运输；使身临其境【考查点】动词辨析【解题思路】划线部分是前文“低利率创造了宽松的信贷条件”带来的结果；原文and并列fueling a housing construction b

6、oom“_住房建设热潮”和encouraging consumption“鼓励消费”，那么划线词应与encouraging“鼓励”语义方向一致，C选项stimulating“刺激；激励”符合语境。原词fuel“刺激；推动”。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项与原文语境不符。【句意】低利率创造了宽松的信贷条件，推动了住房建设热潮并鼓励了消费。4. 单选题Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life, development and the environment.问题1选项A.likely to f

7、ailB.likely to accumulateC.likely to improveD.likely to enhance【答案】A【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项likely to fail“可能会失败”；B选项likely to accumulate“可能会积累”；C选项likely to improve“可能会改善”；D选项likely to enhance“可能会提高”。句意：淡水是有限和_的资源，对维持生命、发展和环境至关重要。根据句意，该词形容的是“淡水资源”，说明淡水的特性，A选项最符合语境，原文vulnerable“易受伤害的；脆弱的”。因此，本题最佳选项为A。5. 单选题E

8、conomy TerrorizedFrom Wall Street to Main Street, Layoffs, Losses, and Little HopeThe popular word in business before September 11 was “visibility”. Company after company complained about their gloomy future because of the worsening economy. Now, though, corporate America has a clear vision of the i

9、mmediate futureand its not a good one. “The attack has turned the business world upside down,” says Diane Swonk, chief economist at Bank One in Chicago.Companies have been aware of the possible loss due to the terror attacks. Firms directly affected by the horror, such as Boeing and Marriott, warned

10、 of lower profits. Airline layoffs alone will top 100,000, pushing some analysts to say as many as one million workers may lose their jobs because of the post-attack repercussions. On Capitol Hill, Lawmakers and the Bush administration began preparing an economic emergency response. “The foundations

11、 of our free society remain sound, and I am confident that we will recover and prosper as we have in the past,” Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan told Congress.A chief executive of Frontier Airlines in Denver last week announced a 20 percent flight reduction and large scale layoffs.On Wall Str

12、eet, markets tumbled amid the likelihood of recession and war: The Dow Jones industrial average fell nearly 700 points Monday. “Its no longer about earnings or the economy or interest rates anymore,” says Morgan Stanley market strategist Peter Canelo. “Its about fear.”Some observers believe Washingt

13、ons response could be effective to prevent further economy deterioration. “The recovery could be much smoother than expected due to the fiscal and monetary stimulus were in store for,” says Richard Weiss, chief investment officer for City National Bank.Restoring consumer confidence is a top priority

14、 for Greenspan and Congress, given that consumer spending accounts for about two thirds of the nations total output. To that end, the Fed has been flooding the markets with cash. Congress, meanwhile, is awash in plans to spend money, drawing down the $153 billion Social Security surplus. Theres even

15、 talk of further tax cuts.The economic devastation of the worst disaster on American soil is far and wide. Last week, individual industries began to estimate the loss.AirlinesWhile “recessions are bad for the airline industry, terrorism is worse,” says a senior vice president at aviation consultants

16、 Avitas. Now both are serious problems for airliners, as heavily indebted and cash-poor companies are seeing a drastic reduction in bookings. Some planes are flying less than half full. Experts predict that this will put some airliners out of business and the total industry losses will amount to $10

17、 billion by the end of next year.Whenand ifthe industry recovers, it will have been fundamentally changed. Passengers might find fewer flights overall and limited service to smaller airports, as airlines focus on large, profitable hubs(交通枢纽).OilAs U.S. naval forces headed out from Norfolk toward the

18、 Middle East，the oil market was nervous but focused as much on recession as on the threat of war. Crude prices slid downward due to the predicted economic slowdown and a drop in air travel which would reduce demand. Still, with the prospect of armed conflict very real, analysts see considerable risk

19、 of higher energy prices, especially when the war might involve Iraq, an oil-producing country.But Michael Lynch of the research firm DRI-WEFA said that despite decreasing demand, the terror attack had produced an “uncertainty effect” that would possibly drive oil prices higher in the weeks ahead. L

20、ynch said that oil companies and large industrial users of oil very likely would attempt to build their inventories amid uncertainty.RetailingMany shoppers stayed home during the week of the attack. Federated Department Stores， which owns Bloomingdales and Macys, said sales during the week were $65

21、million, or about 20 percent, below its forecasts. Other retailers, including Wal-Mart Stores and bookstore chains Borders Group and Barnes & Noble, as well as teen apparel retailer American Eagle Outfitters, reported a fast decrease in sales but some rebound by last weekend. “For the most part, sal

22、es are starting to come back, but theyre not where we want them to be,” says Tracy Mullin, president of the National Retail Federation.Consumers already planning the purchase of a new car, appliance, or other big-ticket item may go ahead, but forget those who had only begun to think about buying, sa

23、ys Marian Friestad, president of the Society for Consumer Psychology. “This would be a time when people would not be particularly open to changing their purchase behavior or trying new things,” she says. Frivolous purchases, like perfume and fashion, will probably decline.MediaOn Madison Avenue, adv

24、ertising industry executives estimated their losses after nearly a week without network TV ads. But that is not all. Many companies felt it inappropriate to advertise during such a time of tragedy and canceled their commercials on TV.This trend is likely to mean further losses for an industry alread

25、y suffering from a sharp cutback in spending.Already, the six TV networks report an estimated $320 million in lost as revenues due to the attack. And four of the countrys newspaper groups warned of a shortfall in third-quarter earnings because of canceled ads.EntertainmentThe most pressing question

26、right now is what will happen in TV, already suffering from a big drop in advertising. Although the new season has been pretty well purged of any references that might be deemed offensive in the wake of the attack, there is serious doubt about viewers tastes in the future.Two big-budget filmsBig Tro

27、uble and Collateral Damagewere shelved indefinitely last week. Other movies with New York themes were pushed back. Still more were simply scrubbed clean of their references to terrorism and the World Trade Center. However, the entertainment industry may not suffer long-term damage, with losses expec

28、ted to level off by the first quarter of next year, according to analysts.InsuranceAlready stunned by a plunge in profits and losses from storms in the first half of the year, property and casualty insurers now face even worse. “All profits will be wiped out,” says an analyst. Despite some loss, ana

29、lysts are confident that the industry will be able to meet the estimated $30 billion in projected claims, a loss that could escalate if costly business-interruption and personal injury claims accelerate.One thing is certain: There will be higher rates and more limited coverage for terrorist or war-r

30、elated events, especially for airlines.8. According to the passage, what is NOT the possible loss due to the terror attacks in the U.S.?9. The most important task for the Bush Administration is to _.10. Which of the following statements about airlines loss is WRONG?11. The two serious problems for A

31、merican airline mentioned in the passage are _.12. The effect of this attack on the oil price is _.13. Which of the following statements about retailing is NOT mentioned in the passage?14. Already, the six TV networks report an estimated _ in lost ad revenues.问题1选项A.Firms directly affected by the ho

32、rror will suffer lower profits.B.One million workers may lose their jobs because of the post-attack repercussions.C.The Dow Jones industrial average fell about 700 points.D.Washington also loses its confidence to prevent further economy deterioration.问题2选项A.estimate an exact lossB.limit immigrationC

33、.cut tax for all the companiesD.restore consumer confidence问题3选项A.Some airlines are seeing a drastic reduction in bookings.B.Some planes are flying less than half full.C.The total industry losses will reach $10 billion by the end of this year.D.Some airliners will be put out of business.问题4选项A.reces

34、sions and terrorismB.oil price and economy depressionC.airline service and safetyD.layoffs and finance问题5选项A.uncertainB.slimC.clearD.unprecedented问题6选项A.Many shoppers stayed home during the week of the attack.B.Some retailers are still optimistic about their sales in the coming Christmas season.C.So

35、me retailers reported a fast decrease in sales but some rebound by last weekend.D.Such frivolous purchases as perfume and fashion will probably decline.问题7选项A.$10 millionB.$65 millionC.$320 millionD.$153 million【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A第6题:B第7题:C【解析】8.事实细节题。题干“根据文章，什么不是恐怖袭击可能给美国造成的损失”，可定位到原文第2段第

36、1句Companies have been aware of the possible loss due to the terror attacks.（公司已经意识到恐怖袭击可能造成的损失。）A选项“直接受到恐慌影响的公司利润会降低”，可定位到第2段第2句Firms directly affected by the horror, warned of lower profits.（直接受到恐怖袭击影响的公司都发出了利润下降的警告。）由此可知，A选项是损失，排除；B选项“100万工人可能会因为袭击后的影响而失去工作”，可定位到第2段第3句Airline layoffs alone will to

37、p 100,000, pushing some analysts to say as many as one million workers may lose their jobs because of the post-attack repercussions.（仅航空公司的裁员人数就将超过10万人，因此一些分析人士认为，由于袭击事件的影响，多达100万名员工可能会失去工作。）由此可知，B选项是损失，排除；C选项“道琼斯工业平均指数下跌约700点”，可定位到第4段第1句On Wall Street, markets tumbled amid the likelihood of recessi

38、on and war: The Dow Jones industrial average fell nearly 700 points Monday.（在华尔街，由于经济衰退和战争的可能性，市场下跌：道琼斯工业平均指数周一下跌近700点。）由此可知，C选项是损失，排除；D选项“华盛顿对防止经济进一步恶化也失去信心”，可定位到第5段最后一句“The recovery could be much smoother than expected due to the fiscal and monetary stimulus were in store for,” says Richard Weiss,

39、 chief investment officer for City National Bank.（花旗国民银行首席投资官Richard Weiss表示：“由于我们准备采取的财政和货币刺激措施，复苏可能比预期要平稳得多。”）由此可知，政府并未对经济发展失去信心，D符合题意。因此，本题最佳选项为D。9.事实细节题。题干“布什政府最重要的任务是”,可定位到原文第6段第1句Restoring consumer confidence is a top priority for Greenspan and Congress（恢复消费者信心是Greenspan和国会的首要任务）由此可知，国会即政府最重要的

40、任务是恢复消费者的信心，D选项“重振消费者的信心”表述正确。A选项“估计确切的损失”，可定位到原文第7段最后一句Last week, individual industries began to estimate the loss.（上周，个别行业开始估算损失。）由此可知，估计损失并不是政府的工作，排除；B选项“限制移民”，原文并未提及，排除；C选项“为所有公司减税”，可定位到原文第6段最后一句Theres even talk of further tax cuts.（甚至还有关于进一步减税的讨论。）由此可知，政府的确有减税的打算，但是，结合本段主旨，政府打算减税是为了恢复消费者的信心，所以减

41、税不是最重要的任务，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为D。10.事实细节题。题干“下列关于航空公司损失的陈述哪一项是错误的”，可定位到原文Airlines小节。A选项“一些航空公司的预订量大幅减少”，可定位到本小节第1段第2句Now both are serious problems for airliners, as heavily indebted and cash-poor companies are seeing a drastic reduction in bookings.（如今，这两种情况对航空公司来说都是严重的问题，因为负债累累、现金匮乏的公司的预订量大幅减少。）由此可知，A选项表述正

42、确，排除；B选项“有些飞机的上座率还不到一半”，可定位到本小节第1段第3句Some planes are flying less than half full.（有些飞机的上座率还不到一半。）由此可知，B选项表述正确，排除；C选项“到今年年底，整个行业的损失将达到100亿美元”，可定位到本小节第1段最后一句Experts predict that the total industry losses will amount to $10 billion by the end of next year.（专家预测，到明年年底，整个行业的损失将达到100亿美元。）由此可知，选项表述错误，不是今年年底

43、，而是明年年底，该选项符合题意；D选项“一些航空公司将被淘汰”，可定位到本小节第1段最后一句Experts predict that this will put some airliners out of business（专家预测，这将使一些航空公司破产），由此可知，D选项表述正确，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为C。11.事实细节题。题干“文中提到的美国航空公司面临的两个严重问题是_”，可定位到原文Airlines小节第1段第1句While “recessions are bad for the airline industry, terrorism is worse,” says a seni

44、or vice president at aviation consultants Avitas.（航空咨询公司Avitas的一位高级副总裁说：“经济衰退对航空业不利，恐怖主义则更糟。”）由此可知，美国航空公司面临的两个严重问题是经济衰退和恐怖主义。A选项“经济衰退和恐怖主义”表述符合题意。B选项“油价和经济萧条”、C选项“航空服务和安全”、D选项“裁员和金融”，原文均未提及。因此，本题最佳选项为A。12.事实细节题。题干“这次袭击对油价的影响是”，可定位到原文Oil小节。本小节第1段第2句Crude prices slid downward due to the predicted econ

45、omic slowdown and a drop in air travel which would reduce demand.（由于预期的经济放缓，以及航空旅行的减少导致的原油需求减少，原油价格下跌。）和第1段第3句analysts see considerable risk of higher energy prices, especially when the war might involve Iraq, an oil-producing country.（分析人士认为，能源价格上涨有相当大的可能，尤其是当战争可能涉及石油生产国伊拉克的时候。）综合两句可知，经济放缓和航空公司对原油的

46、需求减少，可能导致原油价格下降，而可能发生在石油生产国的战争会导致原油价格上升，所以这次袭击对油价的影响是不确定的。本节第2段第1句的“uncertainty effect（不确定的影响）”以及最后一句里的“amid uncertainty（在不确定的情况下）”都进一步证明了这种影响的不确定性，A选项“不确定的”符合原文。B选项“很小的”、C选项“清楚的”、D选项“空前的”，表述都不正确。因此，本题最佳选项为A。13.事实细节题。题干“下面哪个关于零售的陈述没有在文章中提到”，可定位到原文Retailing小节。A选项“在袭击发生的那一周，许多购物者都呆在家里”，可定位到本节第1段第1句Man

47、y shoppers stayed home during the week of the attack.（在袭击发生的那一周，许多购物者都待在家里。）选项表述与原文相符，排除；B选项“一些零售商对即将到来的圣诞季的销售仍持乐观态度”可定位到本节第1段最后一句“For the most part, sales are starting to come back, but theyre not where we want them to be,” says Tracy Mullin, president of the National Retail Federation.（“在很大程度上，销售开

48、始回升，但还没有达到我们的预期，”美国零售联合会主席Tracy Mullin说。）由此可知，虽然销售开始回升，但是还是没有达到预期，无法得出“乐观”的结论。另外原文没有关于圣诞季销售的表述，无从得知零售商们的态度。C选项“一些零售商报告称销售额迅速下降，但上周末有所反弹”，可定位到本届第1段第3句Other retailers, including , reported a fast decrease in sales but some rebound by last weekend.（包括在内的其他零售商的销售额都出现了快速下滑，但上周末出现了一些反弹。）选项表述与原文相符，排除；D选项“诸

49、如香水和时尚等无关紧要的商品的购买可能会减少”，可定位到本节第2段最后一句Frivolous purchases, like perfume and fashion, will probably decline.（诸如香水和时尚之类无关紧要的商品的消费可能会减少。）选项表述与原文相符，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为B。14.事实细节题。题干“六家电视网络已经报道了估计_的广告收入损失”，可定位到原文Media小节第3段第1句Already, the six TV networks report an estimated $320 million in lost as revenues due to

50、 the attack.（六家电视网已经报告说，这次攻击造成的收入损失估计为3.2亿美元。）C选项“3.2亿美元”符合原文。A选项“1000万美元”、B选项“6500万美元”、D选项“1.53亿美元”表述不正确。因此，本题最佳选项为C。6. 单选题The west is traditionally the land of the pioneers and the cowboys, where _ could be easily made in cattle or land.问题1选项A.fortunesB.propertyC.opportunitiesD.treasure【答案】A【解析】考查

51、名词辨析与固定搭配。A选项fortunes“一大笔钱”；B选项property“（某人的）财产；不动产”，强调归属；C选项opportunities“机会”；D选项treasure“金银财宝，指金银珠宝一类”。句意：传统上西部是拓荒者和牛仔的领地，在那里可以很容易的用牛或者土地创造_。根据句意，此处是指用牛和土地就可以创造财富，排除C选项；不强调财富的归属，排除B选项；不是特指金银珠宝一类，排除D选项。另外，原文_ could be easily made，考查固定搭配make a fortune/make fortunes“发大财；赚大钱；创造财富”，A选项最符合语境。因此，本题最佳选项为A

52、。7. 单选题It has been announced that physicists from different countries will gather in New York for a _ next month.问题1选项A.symphonyB.symmetryC.symposiumD.symptom【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. symphony 交响乐 B. symmetry 对称（性）C. symposium 研讨会 D. symptom 征兆【考查点】语义衔接与形近词辨析【解题思路】前文提到“来自不同国家的物理学家聚集到一起”，而空格处所填词是他们聚集到一起的目的，C

53、选项symposium“研讨会”最符合语义逻辑。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均为symposium“研讨会”的形近词，但都不能使原句前后语义衔接。【句意】据通知，来自不同国家的物理学家将于下个月聚集在纽约参加一个研讨会。8. 单选题Mr. Tunick filed suit against the New York police department after city officials _ his request.问题1选项A.turned downB.turned inC.turned offD.turned out【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. turned down 拒绝 A.

54、 turned in 上床睡觉；上交，提交C. turned off 关闭；失去兴趣；离开 D. turned out 结果是【考查点】词组辨析【解题思路】原文空格处的主语为“纽约市官员”宾语为“他的请求”，并且在这件事发生之后，“Tunick对纽约市警察局提起了诉讼”，由此推断，Tunick因为请求被拒绝，所以对纽约市警察局提起了诉讼，A选项turned down“拒绝”符合语义。【干扰项排除】B选项turned in“上床睡觉；上交，提交”，语义不符；C选项turned off“关闭；失去兴趣；离开（道路）”，语义不符；D选项turned out“结果是”，语义不符。【句意】在纽约市官员拒

55、绝他的请求后，Tunick对纽约市警察局提起了诉讼。9. 单选题His argument does not suggest that mankind can _ to be wasteful in the utilization of these resources.问题1选项A.resortB.grantC.affordD.entitle【答案】C【解析】上下文语义。A选项resort“（ to诉诸；求助于）”；B选项grant“（指正式地或法律上）同意，准许；（勉强）同意”；C选项afford“负担得起；承担得起（后果）”；D选项entitle“使享有权利，使符合资格，常用被动”。句意：他

56、的论点并不是说人类可以_浪费在利用这些自然资源时。原文从句不是被动语态，可排除D选项；且原文从句主语是人类，B选项grant在使用时也应使用被动语态，排除；A选项后面通常是某种方式后手段，而本句空格后是“浪费”，不符合，排除；C选项代入，“他的论点并不是说人类承担得起在利用这些自然资源时浪费的后果”，符合语境。因此，本题最佳选项为C。10. 单选题Will there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the ye

57、ar. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton.Many physicists say the next Einstein hasnt been born yet, or is a baby now. Thats because the quest for a unified theory that would acc

58、ount for all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved. But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einstein emerging anytime soon.For one thing, physics is a much different field today. I

59、n Einsteins day, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to spare.Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einsteins training that is overlooked is the years of philoso

60、phy he read as a teenagerKant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasnt long before he became a philosopher himself.“The independence created by philosophical insight isin my opinionthe mark of distinction betw

61、een a mere artisan or specialist and a real seeker after truth,” Einstein wrote in 1944.And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well-known. Einstein would furiously play his violin as a way to think through a knotty physics problem.Today, universities have produc

62、ed millions of physicists. There arent many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practicaland rewardingefforts.“Maybe there is an Einstein out there today,” said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, “but it would be a

63、lot harder for him to be heard.”Especially considering what Einstein was proposing.“The actual fabric of space and time curving? My God, what an idea!” Greene said at a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute. “It takes a certain type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe youll find the solution.”Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrote in his “miracle year” of 1905. These “thought experiments” were pages of calculations signed and submitted to the prestigious journal Annalen d