2022年考博英语-北京大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷65

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1、2022年考博英语-北京大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The organization issued a cry of alarm last week, citing ( ) evidence that those children are not receiving the same quality of education as their richer peers.问题1选项A.comparingB.completingC.compellingD.composing【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。comparing“比较的”；completing“完成”；co

2、mpelling“引人注目的；令人信服的”；composing“起镇静作用的”。句意：该组织上周发出警告，称有“有力的证据”表明，这些孩子接受的教育质量不如他们富裕的同龄人。因此C选项符合题意。2. 单选题commutation via the telegraph began in the 1840s, just before the Civil War, and via the telephone just afterward (1870s).问题1选项A.InstantaneousB.SpontaneousC.SimultaneousD.Instinctive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨

3、析。instantaneous“瞬间的”；spontaneous“自发的”；simultaneous“同时的”；instinctive“本能的”。句意：通过电报进行的同时通讯始于内战前的19世纪40年代，后来（19世纪70年代）很快开始通过电话进行同时通讯。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题Couples blessed with strength and aggression（） looks are better off having boys, as these characteristics are of more use to males.问题1选项A.other thanB.rather

4、thanC.rather tooD.in spite of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。other than “不同于；除了”；rather than“而不是”；rather too “稍微”；in spite of “尽管”。句意：那些体力更强和有进取心外表好看的夫妇会更容易生男孩，因为这些特征对男性更有用。因此选项B符合题意。4. 单选题The United Nations Population Fund has picked October 31 as the day the world will be home to 7billion people.For better and wo

5、rse, its a milestone.And there will be more milestones ahead. Fourteen years from now, there are expected to be 8billion people on the planet. Most of the growth will occur in the worlds poorer countries.Proportionally, Europes population will decline, while Africas will increase. At around the same

6、 time,India will overtake China as the most populous nation on Earth.The growing global population is just one side of the coin. A recent report from the World HealthOrganization signaled the seriousness of the human population explosion: more than 3 billion people about half the worlds population a

7、re malnourished. Never before have so many, or such a largeproportion, of the worlds people been malnourished.And in a growing number of countries there is a seemingly unstoppable march toward sub-replacement fertility, whereby each new generation is less populous than the previous one, andpopulatio

8、n aging.As a result of declining fertility and increasing longevity, the populations of more and morecountries are aging rapidly. Between 2005 and 2050, a rise in the population aged 60 years or over willbe visible, whereas the number of children (persons under age 15) will decline slightly.Populati

9、on aging represents, in one sense, a success story for mankind, but it also poses profound challenges to public institutions that must adapt to a changing age structure.The latest national census in China shows the number of elderly people in the country has jumped tomore than 13. 3 percent of the p

10、opulation, an increase of nearly 3 percentage points on the percentagefrom the previous census in 2000. A quarter of the countrys population will be over 65 by 2050,according to the National Population and Family Planning Commission.The growing number of elderly is a challenge that the government ne

11、eds to tackle ； we cant rely onthe ever-increasing population to support them or maintain the nations economic growth. Bettersolutions are needed, such as raising retirement ages to reflect the greater longevity and workingcapability of todays older adults and making adjustments so pension programs

12、are more accessible.It was heartening to hear the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security spokespersonannounced in Beijing on Tuesday that the government will take retirement policy seriously andproactively.Shanghai began testing a flexible retirement system last October. Eligible employees

13、in the privatesector are allowed to postpone retirement until the age of 65 for men and 60 for women. Publicservants, however, will continue to retire under the present system age 60 for men and 55 for women.1.According to the passage, India will_ in 14 years.2.What problem will result from the glob

14、al population explosion?3.Population on aging represents the following EXCEPT（ ）.4.Todays older adults enjoy（ ）.5.What is the authors attitude toward the spokespersons announcement?问题1选项A.be a poorer countryB.be the most populous countryC.decline in populationD.increase investment in Africa.问题2选项A.P

15、opulation aging.B.Increasing longevity.C.Declining fertility.D.Expanding malnourishment.问题3选项A.rapid economic developmentB.challenge to public institutionsC.success story of mankindD.changing age structure问题4选项A.more working yearsB.more accessible pension programsC.greater longevityD.greater governm

16、ent support问题5选项A.Angered.B.Delighted.C.Indifferent.D.Disappointed.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节题。题干：根据这篇文章，印度将在14年后_。根据关键词India 和14years定位到文章第三段最后一句“India will overtake China as the most populous nation on Earth”，印度将超越中国成为人口最大国。因此B选项符合题意。2.细节推理题。题干：全球人口激增将带来什么问题？文章第四段第二句提到“人口激增”。紧接着后文提到“mor

17、e than 3 billion people about half the worlds population are malnourished”，可知营养不良的人口增多，范围会扩大。因此D选项符合题意。3.细节题。题干：人口老龄化带来的问题除了_。第七段提到人口老龄化的问题“Population aging represents, in one sense, a success story for mankind, but it also poses profound challenges to public institutions that must adapt to a changi

18、ng age structure.”除了A选项的“经济快速发展”没有体现外，其他都是人口老龄化的问题。因此A选项符合题意。4.细节题。题干：现在的老年人享有_。文章第九段提到“Better solutions are needed, such as raising retirement ages toreflect the greater longevity and working capability of todays older adults and making adjustments so pension programs are moreaccessible”，可知，在（人口老龄化

19、）这种情况下需要更好的解决方法，比如考虑到如今老年人的寿命越来越长，以及他们的工作能力，可以采取提高退休年龄的方法；也可作出政策调整，使养老金计划更改。由此可知，如今老年人的寿命是越来越长的。因此C选项正确。 5.态度题。题干：作者对发言人的声明持什么态度？关于发言人的生明出现在文章倒数第二段第一句，使用的语句是“it is heartening to hear振奋人心的”，可知作者对于声明持积极态度。因此B选项符合题意。5. 单选题（ ）you promise you will work hard, （ ）support you to college.问题1选项A.If only. will

20、 IB.Only. I willC.Only if. will ID.Only if. I will、【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。观察第一空的选项，if only“只要；但愿”后面一般用虚拟语气；only if“只有”后用倒装。再综合题干可判定此题使用倒装句结构。因此C选项符合题意。6. 单选题 Yet these global trends hide starkly different national and regional stories. Vittorio Colao, the boss of Vodafone, which operates or partially owns

21、networks in 31 countries, argues that the farther south you go, the more people use their phones, even past the equator: where life is less organized, people need a tool, for example to rejig appointments. “Culture influences the lifestyle, and the lifestyle influences the way we communicate,he says

22、. “If you dont leave your phone on in a meeting in Italy, you are likely to miss the next one. ”Other mundane factors also affect how phones are used. For instance, in countries where many people have holiday homes they are more likely to give out a mobile number, which then becomes the default wher

23、e they can be reached, thus undermining the use of fixed-line phones. Technologies are always “both constructive and constructed by historical, social, and culture contexts,” writes Mizuko Ito, an anthropologist at the University of California in Irvine, who has co-edited a book on Japans mobile-pho

24、ne subculture.Indeed, Japan is a good example of how such subcultures come about. In the 1990s Americans and Scandinavians were early adopters of mobile phones. But in the next decade Japan was widely seen as the model for the mobile future, given its early embrace of the mobile Internet. For some t

25、ime Wired, a magazine for technology lovers, ran a column called “Japanese Schoolgirl Watch”，serving readers with a stream of mobile oddities. The implication was that what Japanese schoolgirls did one day, everyone else would do the next.The countrys mobile boom was arguably encouraged by underlyin

26、g social conditions. Most teenagers had long used pagers to keep in touch. In 1999 NTT, Japans dominant operator, launched i-mode, a platform for mobile-internet services. It allowed cheap e-mails between networks and the Japanese promptly signed up in droves for mobile internet. Ms Ito also points

27、out that Japan is a crowded place with lots of rules. Harried teenagers, in particular, have few chances for private conversations and talking on the phone in public is frowned upon, if not outlawed. Hence the appeal of mobile data services.The best way to grasp Japans mobile culture is to take a cr

28、owded commuter train. There are plenty of signs advising you not to use your phone. Every few minutes announcements are made to the same effect. If you do take a call, you risk more than disapproving gazes. Passengers may appeal to a guard who will quietly but firmly explain: dame desu? its not allo

29、wed. Some studies suggest that talkingon a mobile phone on a train is seen as worse than in a theatre. Instead, hushed passengers type away on their handsets or read mobile-phone novels (written Japanese allows more information to be displayed on a small screen than languages that use the Roman alph

30、abet).1.According to the passage, an Italian would leave his phone on in a meeting for which of the following reason?2.Which of the following statements is best supported by the passage?3.The author suggests that Japan leads the world in the mobile-phone culture in that_.4.It can be inferred from th

31、e passage that the Japanese teenagers are fond of the mobile data services because_。5.Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage, based on its content?问题1选项A.He is afraid of missing a business opportunity.B.His family members may call him in emergency.C.He thinks it is rude

32、 to leave a call unanswered.D.He needs to get posted about the latest change in the work schedule.问题2选项A.How we use our phones reflect where we live.B.Technologies determine the way we communicate.C.Culture influences the development of technologies.D.Social conditions dictate the mobile future.问题3选

33、项A.the Japanese are the earliest mobile phone usersB.the Japanese are the chattiest mobile phone usersC.the Japanese use mobile Internet early onD.Japan provides the best mobile phone services问题4选项A.they like to play electronic gamesB.they like to talk to their friends on the phoneC.they can read no

34、vels on the phoneD.they can communicate with their friends more conveniently问题5选项A.The Japanese Phone Culture.B.Culture and Technology.C.All Alike, All Different.D.Handy, If You Are Thrifty.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：根据这篇文章，一个意大利人会在会议上开着手机，原因是什么？由题干定位到文章第一段最后一句 “If you dont leave yo

35、ur phone on in a meeting in Italy, you are likely to miss the next one”， 说明他这么做是为了不错过商机。因此A选项符合题意。2.细节推理题。题干：下列哪一项陈述最能得到文章的支持？第一段第三句提到文化影响生活方式，生活方式影响我们交流的方式，进而影响到技术发展，可对应C选项。因此C选项符合题意。3.细节推理题。题干：作者认为日本在手机文化方面领先世界是因为_。由题干定位到第三段第三句“But in the next decade Japan was widely seen as the model for the mobi

36、le future, given its early embrace of the mobile Internet”，后半句即为答案，与C选项对应，因此C选项符合题意。4.细节推理题。题干：从文章中可以推断，日本青少年喜欢移动数据服务是因为_。由题干定位到第四段，“Harried teenagers, in particular, have few chances for private conversationsif not outlawed. Hence the appeal of mobile data services”，说明他们视为了方便与朋友们联系。因此D选项符合题意。5.主旨题。

37、题干：根据这篇文章的内容，下面哪个标题是最合适的？本文主要通过一些实例讲述了文化和技术的关系。第一段第三句即本文主题句。因此B选项符合题意。7. 单选题We（ ）admire his courage and self-confidence.问题1选项A.can butB.cannot onlyC.cannot butD.can only but【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。can but“只能”；cannot only“不能只”；cannot but“不得不，禁不住”；can only but 无此用法。句意：我们佩服他的勇气和自信。因此C选项符合题意。8. 单选题The hospital

38、denies there is any connection between the disciplinary action and Dr. Reids ( ) about health problems.问题1选项A.allegianceB.allianceC.allegationsD.alliteration【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。allegiance“效忠；忠贞”；alliance“联盟”；allegations“主张”；alliteration“头韵”。句意：医院否认纪律处分和里德医生关于健康问题的主张有任何联系。因此C选项符合题意。9. 单选题What courses are

39、 you going to do next semester?I dont know. But its about time _ on something.问题1选项A.Id decideB.I decidedC.I decideD.Im deciding【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。It is about time that是一个虚拟语气句型，表示与现在事实相反，that从句的谓语用一般过去时。因此B选项符合题意。10. 单选题A（ ）, he was probably one of the most realistic writers of his day.问题1选项A.self-con

40、fessing romanticB.self-confessed romanceC.self-confessing romanceD.self-confessed romantic【答案】D【解析】考查词性辨析。self-confessing无此用法，排除A和C选项；self-confessed“自认为的”。根据后半句可知选项的重心是描述一个人，因此选择romantic“浪漫的人”，而romance“传奇，浪漫史，冒险故事”不符合句意。因此D选项符合题意。11. 单选题Many adults may think they are getting enough shut-eye, but in

41、a major sleep study almost 80 percent of respondents admitted to not getting their prescribed amount of nightly rest. So, what exactly is the right amount of sleep? Research shows that adults need an average of seven to nine hours of sleep a night for optimal functionality. Read on to see just how m

42、uch of an impact moderate sleep deprivation can have on your mind and body.By getting less than six hours of sleep a night, you could be putting yourself at risk of high blood pressure. When you sleep, your heart gets a break and is able to slow down for a significant period of time. But cutting bac

43、k on sleep means your heart has to work overtime without its allotted break. In constantly doing so, your body must accommodate to its new conditions and elevate your overall daily blood pressure. And the heart isnt the only organ that is overtaxed by a lack of sleeps. The less sleep you get, the le

44、ss time the brain has to regulate stress hormones, and over time, sleep deprivation could permanently hinder the brains ability to regulate these hormones, leading to elevated blood pressure.We all hang around in bed during our bouts of illness. But did you know that skipping out on the bed rest can

45、 increase your risk of getting sick? Prolonged sleep deprivation has long been associated with diminished immune functions, but researchers have also found a direct correlation between “modest” sleep deprivation less than six hours and reduced immune response. So try to toughen up your immune system

46、 by getting at least seven hours of sleep a night, and maintaining a healthy diet. Youll be glad you got that extra hour of sleep the next time that bug comes around and leaves everyone else bedridden with a fever for three days.During deep REM sleep, your muscles (except those in the eyes) are esse

47、ntially immobilized in order to keep you from acting out on your dreams. Unfortunately, this effort your body makes to keep you safe while dreaming can sometimes backfire, resulting in sleep paralysis. Sleep paralysis occurs when the brain is aroused from its REM cycle, but the body remains in its i

48、mmobilizing state. This can be quite a frightening sensation because, while your mind is slowly regaining consciousness, it has no control over your body, leaving some with a feeling of powerlessness, fear and panic. Most people experience this eerie phenomena at least once in their lives, but those

49、 who are sleep deprived are more likely to have panicked episodes of sleep paralysis that are usually accompanied by hallucinations, as well. For a second, imagine all of your memories are erased; every birthday, summer vacation, even what you did yesterday afternoon is completely lost, because you

50、have no recollection of them. Its a chilling thought, but that is what a life without sleep would be like. Sleep is essential to the cognitive functions of the brain, and without it, our ability to consolidate memories, learn daily tasks, and make decisions is impaired by a large degree. Research ha

51、s revealed that REM sleep, or dream-sleep, helps solidify the “fragile” memories the brain creates throughout the day to that they can be easily organized and stored in the minds long-term cache.1.According to the passage, what is the meaning of “sleep deprivation”？2.Which of the following statement

52、s is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?3.Why is there the so-called “sleep paralysis”？4.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the last paragraph?5.What effects of sleep deprivation on human mind and body are discussed in this passage?问题1选项A.To sleep for an average period of time.B.To sl

53、eep deeply without dreaming.C.To sleep less than needed.D.To sleep modestly.问题2选项A.When everyone else gets a fever, those with sleep deprivation will be abele to sleep longer.B.When everyone else gets a fever, those who usually have adequate sleep will be alright.C.Only modest sleep deprivation coul

54、d weaken the immune system,D.Prolonged sleep deprivation will not have impact on the immune system.问题3选项A.It occurs when you are unable to wake up from dreams while you are sleeping.B.It occurs when you brain immobilizes your body in order to keep you from dreaming.C.Because you are usually too frig

55、htened to move your body when waking up from deep REMsleep.D.Because your body, immobilized when dreaming, may still be unable to move even when yourbrain is waking up.问题4选项A.Memories are part of the cognitive function of the brain.B.Memories created during the daytime are usually fragile and impair

56、ed.C.You are likely to lose your memories of yesterday after a nights sleep.D.Long-term memory cannot be formed without dream-sleep.问题5选项A.High blood pressure, a toughened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss.B.Blood pressure, immune system, sleep paralysis, and long-term memory.C.Blood p

57、ressure, immune system, the brain and the body, and memory.D.High blood pressure, a weakened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.语义题。题干：根据本文，“睡眠不足”指的是什么？文章第三段中“Prolonged sleep deprivation has long been associated with diminished immune functions, but re

58、searchers have also found a direct correlation between “modest” sleep deprivation less than six hours and reduced immune response”说明“modest”sleep deprivation指的是少于6小时的睡眠，而成人需要7-9小时的睡眠。因此C 选项符合题意。2.判断推理题。题干：根据第3段，下列哪个陈述是正确的？第三段最后一句“Youll be glad you got that extra hour of sleep the next time that bug

59、comes around and leaves everyone else bedridden with a fever for three days”，别人生病后就会意识到多睡一小时的好处，对应B选项的内容。3.细节题。题干：为什么会有所谓的“睡眠瘫痪症”?第四段第三句中提到了“Sleep paralysis occurs when the brain is aroused from its REM cycle, but the body remains in its immobilizing state”，可知“睡眠瘫痪症”发生在大脑从快速眼动周期唤醒时，身体仍保持不动状态，因此D选项符合

60、题意。4.细节题。题干：根据最后一段，下列哪个陈述是正确的？最后一段最后一句提到“REM sleep, or dream-sleep, helps solidify the “fragile” memories the brain creates throughout the day”表明大脑一天产生的记忆是脆弱的，需要睡眠帮忙巩固记忆。因此B选项符合题意。5.细节题。题干：睡眠不足对人的身心有什么影响？第二段提到“elevated blood pressure”；第三段提到“reduced immune system”;第四段提到“sleep paralysis”；最后一段提到“memory

61、 loss”，因此D选项符合题意。12. 单选题Both versions of the myth 一 the West as a place of escape from society and the West as a stage on which the moral conflicts confronting society could be played out figured prominently in the histories and essays of young Theodore Roosevelt，the paintings and sculptures of arti

62、st Frederic Remington, and the short stories and novels of writer Owen Wister. These three young members of the eastern establishment spent much time in the West in the 1880s, and each was intensely affected by the adventure. All three had felt thwarted by the constraints and enervating influence of the genteel urban world in which they had grown up, and each went West to experience the physical challenges and moral simplicities extolled in the dime no