2022年考博英语-合肥工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷70

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1、2022年考博英语-合肥工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Although many （modifications）have been made in it, the game known in the United States as football can be traced directly to the English game of rugby.问题1选项A.rulesB.changesC.demandsD.leagues【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。modification表示“修改，修正”；A项rule“规则，建议，统治”，B项change“变化，改

2、变，替代物”，C项demand“（坚决的或困难的）要求，（顾客的）需求”，D项league“联盟，社团，范畴”。句意：尽管对其进行了许多修改，但在美国被称为足球的比赛可以直接追溯到英国的橄榄球比赛。根据句意可知，B项符合语境。因此，该题选择B项正确。2. 单选题When global warming finally came, it stuck with a vengeance. In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 400 fee

3、t, flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland. Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically in North America, Europe and Asia. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a r

4、adically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming: the global-warming crisis that gave rise to it happened more than 10,000 years ago.As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future, earth

5、 scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the pastand how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change th

6、e planets environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.Most importantly, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests

7、that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution: from the dawn of primates some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture. Indeed, the human hist

8、ory has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it.The new research has profound implications for the environmental summit in Rio. Among other things, the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate change is nothing new for pla

9、net Earth. The benign global environment that has existed over the past 10,000 yearsduring which agriculture, writing, cities and most other features of civilization appeared- is a mere bright spot in a much larger pattern of widely varying climate over the ages. In fact, the pattern of climate chan

10、ge in the past reveals that Earths climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the futureeven without the influence of human activity.1. Farming emerged as a survival strategy because man had been obliged _.2. Scientists believe that human evolution _.3. Evidence of past climatic ch

11、anges indicates that _.4. The message the author wishes to convey in the passage is that _.问题1选项A.to give up his former way of lifeB.to leave the coastal areasC.to follow the ever-shifting vegetationD.to abandon his original settlement问题2选项A.has seldom been accompanied by climatic changesB.has exert

12、ed little influence on climatic changesC.has largely been effected by climatic changesD.has had a major impact on climatic changes27. Evidence of past climatic changes indicates that _.问题3选项A.human activities have accelerated changes of Earths environmentB.Earths environment will remain mild despite

13、 human interferenceC.Earths climate is bound to change significantly in the futureD.Earths climate is unlikely to undergo substantial changes in the future28. The message the author wishes to convey in the passage is that _.问题4选项A.human civilization remains glorious though it is affected by climatic

14、 changesB.mankind is virtually helpless in the face of the dramatic changes of climateC.man has to limit his activities to slow down the global warming processD.human civilization will continue to develop in spite of the changes of nature【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“农业作为一种生

15、存策略出现是因为人类被迫”。根据第一段最后两句After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming.（在把周围的许多动物逼到濒临灭绝的边缘后，人们被迫放弃原有的生活方式，转而采取一种全

16、新的生存策略，这导致了大范围的饥饿和疾病；这种适应就是农业。）可知，A项“放弃他以前的生活方式”正确；B项“离开沿海地区”、C项“跟随不断变化的植被”和D项“放弃他原来的居住地”都属于导致人类被迫放弃原有生活方式的原因。因此，该题选择A项正确。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“科学家认为人类进化”。由第三段第一句Most importantly, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human

17、 species.（最重要的是，科学家们开始意识到气候变化已经对人类物种的进化产生了重大影响）可知，科学家认为人类进化受到了气候变化的重大影响，C项“很大程度上受到了气候变化的影响”正确；由此也可知，A项“很少伴有气候变化”错误；B项“对气候变化影响不大”和D项“对气候变化有重大影响”文中没有提到。因此，该题选择C项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“过去气候变化的证据表明”。根据文章最后一段In fact, the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earths climate will almost

18、 certainly go through dramatic changes in the futureeven without the influence of human activity.（事实上，过去的气候变化模式表明，即使没有人类活动的影响，地球的气候几乎肯定会在未来经历剧烈的变化）可知，C项“地球的气候在未来必然会发生显著变化”正确；A项“人类活动加速了地球环境的变化”、B项“尽管有人类的干扰，地球的环境仍将保持温和”和D项“地球的气候在未来不太可能发生重大变化”都与原文内容不符合。因此，该题选择C项正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者希望在文章中传达的

19、信息是”。通读全文可知，文章在第一段就阐述了气候的变化导致人类放弃原有的生活方式而进行迁徙，寻求新的生存策略，接下来两段就气候的变化是如何改变人类生存和进化进行的阐述，最后一段总结根据过去的气候变化模式，即使没有人类的活动影响，地球的气候依然会经历剧烈变化，所以文章传达的信息是人类在面对气候的变化时，是无能为力的，故B项“面对气候的急剧变化，人类实际上是无能为力的”正确；A项“尽管受到气候变化的影响，人类文明依然辉煌”和D项“尽管自然发生了变化，人类文明还是会继续发展的”没有提到；C项“人类必须限制自己的活动，以减缓全球变暖的进程”与文意相反。因此，该题选择B项正确。3. 单选题The myt

20、h that United States is not open to concerns from outside has been _ at a stroke.问题1选项A.demolishedB.precludedC.kindledD.hampered【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项demolish“拆除，破坏，推翻，驳倒”，B项preclude“排除，妨碍，阻止”，C项kindle“点燃，着火，激起，照亮”，D项hamper“妨碍，束缚，使困累”。由myth“神话”和at a stroke“一下子”可知，“推翻”符合语境。句意：美国不会对外开放的神话一下子就被推翻了。因此，该题选择A

21、项正确。4. 单选题“This suggests the possibility that a treatment like this could be tested to see if it could delay the onset of Alzheimers disease,” said Prof. Holtzman.问题1选项A.spreadB.declineC.startD.increase【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项spread“传播；伸展”；B选项decline“下降；衰退”；C选项start“开始；起点”；D选项increase“增加；增长”。句意：霍尔茨曼教授说：“

22、这表明，有可能对这种治疗方法进行测试，看看它能否延缓阿尔茨海默氏症的。”由关键信息treatment“治疗”和病症Alzheimers disease“老年痴呆症疾病”，其治疗目的是为了delay“延迟”。老年痴呆症是每个人会遇到的问题，无法避免，只能看是否通过治疗延缓其开始的时间。因此C选项符合题意。5. 单选题The airport police who _ the girl concluded that she was innocent and hadnt known about the drugs.问题1选项A.interrogatedB.shroudedC.ratifiedD.muf

23、fled【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项interrogate“审问，质问”，B项shroud“覆盖，包以尸衣”，C项ratify“批准，认可”，D项muffle“蒙住，裹住，抑制”。由police“警察”可知，_ the girl表示“审问那个女孩”。句意：机场警察审问了这个女孩，得出的结论是她是无辜的，不知道毒品的事。因此，该题选择A项正确。6. 单选题In a society that place so much emphasis to “making it,” we fail to recognize that what looks like failure may, in the

24、 long run, prove beneficial.问题1选项A.toB.fail to recognizeC.whatD.in the long run【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。根据emphasis可知，place emphasis on为固定搭配，表示“重视，强调”。句意：在一个如此强调“成功”的社会里，我们没有意识到，从长远来看，看起来像是失败的东西可能是有益的。因此，该题选择A项。7. 单选题Mountain climbing, like other sports, requires skill, stamina, teamwork, and the knowledge an

25、d experience to handle specialized equipment.问题1选项A.intelligenceB.guidanceC.enduranceD.caution【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。stamina表示“耐力，持久力，毅力”；A项intelligence“智力，情报工作，情报机关”，B项guidance“指导，引导，领导”，C项endurance“忍耐力，耐久性”，D项caution“小心，谨慎，警告”。句意：爬山和其他运动一样，需要技巧、耐力、团队合作以及处理专门设备的知识和经验。因此，根据句意可知C选项正确。8. 单选题A future doctor s

26、hould have a genuine desire to help people. He or she must develop good study habits to complete the years of arduous schooling ahead.问题1选项A.strictB.unusualC.enduringD.laborious【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。arduous表示“努力的，费力的，险峻的”；A项strict“严格的，绝对的，精确的”，B项unusual“不寻常的，与众不同的”，C项enduring“持久的，能忍受的”，D项laborious“艰苦的，费劲

27、的，勤劳的”。句意：一个未来的医生应该有帮助别人的真诚愿望；他或她必须养成良好的学习习惯，以完成今后几年的艰苦学习。因此，根据句意可知D选项正确。9. 单选题Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, underdeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to

28、us.To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.People once thought of the languages of backward group as savage, underdeveloped forms of speech, consisting larg

29、ely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward” languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards,

30、extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects a

31、nd activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own

32、system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward” languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A Western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (“this” and “that”); some languages of the American In

33、dians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently, and w

34、ithout ideas of rank or hierarchy.1. The author says that grunt-and-groan forms of speech are found _.2. According to the author, languages, whether civilized or not, have _.3. The author says that professional linguists recognize that _.4. Which of the following is implied in the passage?问题1选项A.now

35、here todayB.among the Australian aboriginesC.among Eastern culturesD.among people speaking “backward” languages问题2选项A.the potential for expanding vocabularyB.their own sound patternsC.an ability to transfer ideasD.grammatical structures问题3选项A.Western languages are superior to Eastern languagesB.all

36、languages come from grunts and groansC.the hierarchy of languages is difficult to understandD.there is no hierarchy of languages32. Which of the following is implied in the passage?问题4选项A.The study of languages has discredited anthropological studies.B.The study of languages has reinforced anthropol

37、ogists in their view that there is no hierarchy among cultures.C.The study of languages is the same as the study of anthropologists.D.The study of languages casts a new light upon the claim of anthropologists.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“作者说，咕哝和呻吟的语言形式可以在中找到”。根据第三段中的第二句Whil

38、e it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward” languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today.（虽然语言一般来说可能是从一系列的咕哝和呻吟开始的，但对“落后”语言的研究确立了这一事实，那就是如今没有哪种口语能与此描述相符）可知，咕哝和呻吟的语言形式在如今是找不到了，A项“在如今无处可寻”正确；B项“

39、澳大利亚土著居民中”和C项“在东方文化中”文中都没有提及；D项“在说落后语言的人中”，文中提到对“落后”语言的研究确立了“如今没有哪种口语能与此描述相符”这一事实，所以咕哝和呻吟的语言形式在说落后语言的人中也不会找到。因此，该题选择A项正确。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“作者认为，无论文明与否，语言都有”。根据第三段中的Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of ma

40、chinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakersAll languages seem

41、 to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system.（以我们最严格的标准来看，未开化群体的大多数语言都是极其复杂、精巧和巧妙的传递思想的机器。它们落后于我们的西方语言，不是在这些通常足以满足所有的语言需求的发音模式或语法结构上，而是在它们的词汇上，这些词汇反映了说话者所知道的对象和

42、活动所有的语言似乎都拥有扩大词汇量的机制，要么把现有的词汇组合在一起，要么从其他语言中借用它们，并将它们适应于自己的系统。）可知，无论文明与否，语言拥有扩大词汇量的机制，A项“扩大词汇量的潜力”符合题意；由此也可知，B项“它们自己的发音模式”和D项“语法结构”不正确；C项“传递思想的能力”为干扰项，语言虽然是传递思想的一种方式，但是词汇才是反映说话者所知道的对象和活动，这是以词汇为前提的。因此，该题选择A项正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“作者说，专业语言学家认识到”。根据文章第二段To the professional anthropologist, there i

43、s no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.（对于专业的人类学家来说，一种文化并不比另一种文化有内在的优越性，就像对于专业的语言学家来说，语言之间没有内在的等级制度一样）可知，D项“没有语言的等级制度”符合题意；由此也可知C项“语言的层次体系很难理解”是错误的；A项“西方语言优于东方语言”，文中没有提到东方语言；B项“所有的语言都来自咕哝和呻吟”表述太绝对。因

44、此，该题选择D项正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节推断题。题干意思是“这篇文章暗示了下列哪一项？”。根据文章最后一段的内容This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.（对语言的研究反过来又为人类学家的这一主张提供了新的解释，即所有的文化都可以独立看待，没有等级和等级观念）可以推断，

45、关于人类学家主张的文化没有等级观念的这一观点，语言的研究提供了新的解释，所以B项“对语言的研究加强了人类学家的观点，即文化之间不存在等级制度”是正确的；A项“语言研究败坏了人类学研究的声誉”和C项“研究语言就像研究人类学家一样”不能从文中找出相关信息；D项“对语言的研究使人们对人类学家的主张有了新的认识”是文中有的信息，并不需要从文章中推断出来，所以不符合题意。因此，该题选择B项正确。10. 单选题A persons optimism level changes over the years, depending on whats happening in their life, the ty

46、pe of people they socialize and how determined they are to motivate themselves.问题1选项A.over the yearsB.depending onC.socializeD.how determined【答案】C【解析】考查语法。Socialize在句子中是动词原形，表示“交际”；而该句子结构完整，所以socialize不能用动词原形的形式，根据它的逻辑主语they可知，它们之间是主动关系，因此这里要把socialize改为socializing做定语修饰the type of people。句意：一个人的乐观水平

47、会随着时间的推移而改变，这取决于他们生活中发生的事情、他们所交往的人的类型以及他们激励自己的决心。因此，该题选择C项。11. 单选题You are unlikely to make _ toward resolving your differences if you two refuse to make concessions to each other.问题1选项A.conclusionB.impactC.resolutionD.headway【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A项conclusion“结论，结局，推论”，B项impact“巨大影响，撞击，冲撞”，C项resolution“分辨

48、率，决议，解决”，D项headway“前进，进步，航行速度”。由You are unlikely to make _ toward resolving your difference“你们不太可能在解决分歧方面取得”可知，四个选项中只有headway最符合语境，make headway表示“取得进展”。句意：如果你们拒绝彼此让步，就不可能在解决分歧方面取得进展。因此，该题选择D项正确。12. 单选题The English teacher paused a few seconds _ the most effective word to express his meaning.问题1选项A.em

49、barking onB.embroiling inC.branching outD.groping for【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。A项embark on“从事，着手，登上船”，B项embroil in“使（自己或某人）卷入，牵连”，C项branch out“长出枝条，扩展范围，偏离主题”，D项grope for“探索”。由the most effective word“最有效的词”可知，四个选项中只有grope for符合语境。句意：英语老师停顿了几秒钟，想找一个最有效的词来表达他的意思。因此，该题选择D项正确。13. 单选题Since the 1970s, the safety of

50、 athletic equipment has been monitored by the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment.问题1选项A.regulatedB.advocatedC.recalledD.supervised【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。monitor表示“监控”；A项regulate“调节，规定，控制”，B项advocate“提倡，拥护，为辩护”，C项recall“召回，回想起，记起”，D项supervise“监督，管理，指导”。句意：自20世纪70年代以来，运动器材的安全一直受

51、到国家运动器材标准运行委员会的监控。因此，根据句意可知D选项正确。14. 单选题For better health you must give up smoking, take more exercise and _ eating too much.问题1选项A.refrain fromB.wonder atC.draw upD.live through【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A项refrain from“克制，抑制，忍住”，B项wonder at“对感到吃惊”，C项draw up“草拟，起草，停住”，D项live through“度过，经受过”。由For better health“

52、为了更好的健康”对应可知，_ eating too much中用refrain from符合语境。句意：为了更健康，你必须戒烟，多做运动，不要吃得太多。因此，该题选择A项正确。15. 单选题This is but a _ of the total amount of information which the teenagers have stored.问题1选项A.frictionB.fractionC.factionD.fracture【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A项friction“摩擦”，B项fraction“分数，部分，小部分”，C项faction“派别，内讧，小集团”，D项fr

53、acture“破裂，断裂”。由the total amount of information“信息的总量”可知，“一部分”符合语境。句意：这只是青少年储存的全部信息的一小部分。因此，该题选择B项正确。16. 单选题The presidents critics say he has been too _ in responding to changing international developments.问题1选项A.lusciousB.forlornC.timidD.eloquent【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项luscious“甘美的，满足感官的”，B项forlorn“被遗弃的，

54、绝望的，孤独的”，C项timid“胆小的，羞怯的”，D项eloquent“意味深长的，雄辩的，有口才的”。由The presidents critics“总统的批评者”可知，后面是负面的评价，排除A项和D项，根据responding to changing international developments“应对国际形势的变化”可知，C项符合语境。句意：总统的批评者说，他在应对不断变化的国际发展方面过于胆怯。因此，该题选择C项正确。17. 单选题Accidents are caused; they dont just happen. The reason may be easy to see

55、: an overloaded tray, a shelf out of reach, a patch of ice on the road. But more often than not there is a chain of events leading up to the misfortunefrustration, tiredness or just bad temperthat show what the accident really is, a sort of attack on oneself.Road accidents, for example, happen frequ

56、ently after a family quarrel, and we all know people who are accident-prone, so often at odds with themselves and the world that they seem to cause accidents for themselves or others.By definition, an accident is something you cannot predict or avoid, and the idea which used to be current, that the

57、majority of road accidents are caused by a minority of criminally careless drivers, is not supported by insurance statistics. These show that most accidents involve ordinary motorists in a moment of carelessness or thoughtlessness.It is not always, clear, either, what sort of conditions make people

58、more likely to have an accident. For instance, the law requires all factories to take safety precautions and most companies have safety committees to make sure the regulations are observed, but still, every day in Britain, some fifty thousand men and women are absent from work due to an accident. Th

59、ese accidents are largely the result of human error or misjudgmentnoise and fatigue, boredom or worry are possible factors which contribute to this. Doctors who work in factories have found that those who drink too much, usually people who have a high anxiety level, run three times the normal risk o

60、f accidents at work.1. The passage might be taken from _.2. The writer indicates that _.3. Which of the following is not mentioned as a factor of accidents?4. “Accident-prone” (Para 2) probably means _.5. Which of following could serve as the best title for this passage?问题1选项A.a text bookB.a science

61、 fictionC.a popular magazineD.an annual report of a company问题2选项A.British people are often absent minded.B.doctors should work in factories to avoid accidents.C.drivers are the factor leading to road accidents.D.there are always some people who fail to observe regulations.问题3选项A.anxietyB.tirednessC.

62、bad weatherD.carelessness问题4选项A.liable to have accidentsB.likely to be killed in accidentsC.responsible for road accidentsD.possible to avoid accidents问题5选项A.Causes of AccidentsB.Prevention of AccidentsC.Results of AccidentsD.Accidents and Anxiety【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“这篇文章可能出自”。本文主要讲述的是事故发生的人为原因，第一段点明主题Accidents are caused; they dont just happen.（事故是人为造成的，不是自然发生的）；第二段和第三段讲交通事故发生的人为原因；第四段进一步分析举例论证事故发生的人为因素。这样的文章结构相比较而言更可能出现在教科书上，A项“一本教科书”正确；事故的原因不可能会出现在B项“一本科幻小说”、C项“