2022年考博英语-清华大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷89

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1、2022年考博英语-清华大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Her talk at the seminar clearly（ ）from the topic the supervisor expected in the field ofsociology.问题1选项A.alternatedB.amplifiedC.designatedD.diverged【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。句意:她的发言明显与领导期望的在社会学领域的主题（ ） 。Diverged from为固定搭配，意为“背道而驰；背离”。2. 单选题They want to stimulate economic gr

2、owth in the region by offering （ ） to foreign investors.问题1选项A.incentivesB.abundancesC.warriorsD.outnumbers【答案】A【解析】名词辨析。incentives 刺激，鼓励;abundances 大量，充足；warriors 武士，勇士； outnumbers 数量多于，比. 多。句意: 他们希望通过鼓励外国投资者来 该地区的经济增长。 故A项符合句意。3. 单选题In a year marked by uncertainty and upheaval, officials at New Or

3、leans universities that draw applicants nationwide are not following the usual rules of thumb when it comes to college admissions. The only sure bet, they say, is that this falls entering classes the first since Katrina 一 will be smaller than usual.In typical years, most college admissions officials

4、 can predict fairly accurately by this point in the admissions cycle how many high school seniors will commit to enrolling in their institutions. Many of the most selective schools require studentswho increasingly are applying to multiple institutions to make their choices by May 1. Loyola Universit

5、y, whose trustees will vote May 19 on whether to drop several degree programs and eliminate 17 faculty positions, received fewer applications about 2, 900 to date, compared with 3, 500 in recent years. The school hopes to enroll 700 freshmen, down from 850 in the past few years. Historically black D

6、illard University, which is operating out of a hotel and was forced to cancel its annual March open house, also saw drops, as did Xavier University, a historically black Catholic institution that fell behind its recruitment schedule. Dillard wont release numbers, but spokeswoman Maureen Larkins says

7、 applications were down and enrollments are expected to be lower than in the past. Xavier admissions dean Winston Brown says its applicant pool fell by about half of last years record 1, 014; he hopes to enroll 500 freshmen.In contrast, Tulane University, which is the most selective of the four and

8、developed an aggressive recruitment schedule after the hurricane, enjoyed an 11% increase in applications this year, to a record 20, 715. Even so, officials predict that fewer admitted students will enroll and are projecting a smaller-than-usual freshman class 1, 400, compared with a more typical 1,

9、 600. Tulane officials announced in December that they would eliminate some departments and faculty positions.Like Tulane, other schools are taking extra steps this year to woo admitted students, often by enlisting help from alumni around the country and reaching out to students with more e-mails, p

10、hone calls or Web-based interactions such as blogs. In addition, Loyola is relaxing deadlines, sweetening the pot with larger scholarships and freezing tuition at last years level. Dillard, too, is freezing tuition. Its also hosting town meetings in target cities and regions nationwide, and moved it

11、s academic calendar back from August to mid-September “to avert the majority of the hurricane season, Larkins says. Xavier extended its application deadline and stepped up its one-on-one contact with accepted students. And Tulane, among other things, has doubled the number of on-campus programs for

12、accepted students and hosted a community service weekend program.While the schools expect applicants to be apprehensive, the admissions officials also see encouraging signs of purposefulness among applicants. “A lot of students who are choosing to come to this city (are) saying, I want to be a part

13、of (the action), says Stieffel, noting that Loyolas transfer applications were up 30%. And while applications to Xavier are down, Brown is betting that students who do apply are serious. “The ones who are applying, we feel, are more likely to come,” he says.1. It can be inferred from the passage tha

14、t（ ） .2.The following statements are false other than （ ）.3.In order to attract applicants, Loyola University and Dillard University are（ ） .4.The passage mainly concentrates on the subject of（ ） .问题1选项A.many of the students require smaller classes than usual in the institutionsB.most college admiss

15、ions officials cannot predict how many students will commit to enrolling in their institutions by May 1 this yearC.many of the students are increasingly applying to multiple institutions to make their choices by May 1 this yearD.in typical years, most colleges require students to apply and commit to

16、 their institutions问题2选项A.Tulane University also saw drops in application this yearB.Xavier University, as a historically black Catholic institution, fell behind the recruitment schedule of Dillard UniversityC.Xavier University dean Winston Brown says the total number that he hopes to enroll is abou

17、t 1,500 freshmenD.Loyola University will vote on whether to eliminate 17 faculty positions due to receiving fewer applications of students问题3选项A.reducing the tuition respectivelyB.hosting meetingsC.increasing the scholarships respectivelyD.extending the application deadline问题4选项A.the drops of the ap

18、plicants of the universitiesB.the dilemma of the admission officialsC.the usual rules of college admissionsD.the effects of the hurricanes【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A【解析】1.推断题。原文第一段指出: 今年秋天的班级容量将会变小, 故选A。2.细节题。题干问的是下列哪个选项正确。第二段指出: Loyola University, .will vote. whether to. eliminate 17 faculty positions

19、, received fewer applications, D项与此对应。3.细节对比。根据题干关键词attract applicants定位至第四段: freezing tuition at last years level. Dillard, too, is freezing tuition, 据此判断两所大学都采取了freezing tuition(降低学费)的措施。4.主旨题。文章讲述了 4所大学今年的招生情况，学生申请人数较以往都有所下降。4. 单选题Artificial intelligence deals partly with the （ ）between the compu

20、ter and the human brain.问题1选项A.profileB.mightyC.analogyD.leakage【答案】C【解析】名词辨析。此处指的是电脑和人脑的相似之处。C项analogy （类似，相似）符合句意。5. 单选题The girl（ ）her tablemates arm to see if she was fast asleep at class.问题1选项A.pinchedB.punchedC.pitchedD.preached【答案】A【解析】动词辨析。pinched 掐，捏，拧；punched 用拳猛击，打孔；pitched 掷，投，扔；preached

21、讲道，说教。根据句中at class推测，女孩只是捏了一下同桌的胳膊。故A项正确。6. 单选题Bad traveling conditions had seriously （ ） their progress to their destination in thatregion.问题1选项A.tuggedB.demolishedC.hamperedD.destroyed【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。句意: 恶劣的旅行条件严重 （ ） 了他们到达该地区目的地的进程。tug 用力拖，拖拉；demolish 毁坏，破坏；hamper 妨碍，牵制；destroy 毁灭，消灭。C符合句意。7. 单选题

22、The difference between avian flu and human flu that should be commanding our rapt attention today is that avian influenza, specifically the H5N1 strain known as bird flu, threatens to become the young peoples plague. And it is a growing contender to cause a devastating worldwide pandemic in the next

23、 few years.We are too used to thinking of flu as an annual annoyance that kills only the frail and elderly. But that just isnt the case for H5N1. With a mortality rate of over 50 percent, this bird flu has killed over 110 people, striking the young and able-bodied the hardest. Its victims cluster pr

24、edominantly among 5- to-30-year-old, a pattern that has held up in the 34 known to have died from bird flu so far this year.This vulnerability may stem from the robust and fast-responding immune systems of the young. The victims overreact to the alien virus, triggering a massive immune response call

25、ed a cytokine storm, turning healthy lungs into a sodden mass of dying tissues congested with blood, toxic fluid, and rampaging inflammatory cells. As air spaces choke off, the body loses oxygen and other organs fail.Scientists have recently shown that H5N1 has ominous parallels with the devastating

26、 1918 flu pandemic, which also jumped directly to humans from birds and disproportionately attacked the young and the strong. With a pattern highly suggestive of a cytokine storm, death sometimes came within just hours, turning many World War I troop ships into death ships.Now imagine hundreds of th

27、ousands of young people laboring on respirators, or lying alone in corridors and makeshift hospital rooms, too sick to be helped when the supply of beds, equipment, and trained staff run out. Seem like hype? Not to the medical experts who discussed these scenarios during last weeks t/. 5*. News Heal

28、th Summit on emergency preparedness.This picture puts a face on the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, projections that, ifH5N1 mutates into a readily human-transmissible from 209, 000 to 1.9 million Americans could die. Part of our readiness thinking should be to heed the blunt words of

29、 HHS Secretary Michael Leavitt at the summit: Any family or community that fails to prepare for the worst, with the expectation that the federal or state government will come to the rescue, will be “tragically wrong.” In a pandemic, the governments medical resources will be stretched thin, and it wo

30、nt be able to guarantee first-line help to any hometown, local hospital, or college campus. Even the national stockpile of Tamiflu, the antiviral that is the best we have to prevent or lessen the impact of the illness, has its limits. If a college student is hospitalized with a possible H5N1 infecti

31、on, the feds will provide drugs. But they will not make it available to fend off the virus in the many others who may have come in close contact with the infected student. In the existing federal guidance on H5N1, the young and healthy fall into the lowest-priority group for antiviral drugs and vacc

32、ines. Student health centers or other providers had better scrounge up their own stockpiles. Containing possible outbreaks on college campuses may be all but impossible. Social distancing avoiding close contact with other people with air kisses instead of smooches, or even by donning masks and glove

33、s will be tough to enforce.The threat poses a uniquely difficult challenge. In the best of all scenarios, the virus will lose its fury and leave in its wake a new culture of individual and community preparedness. But we need to get ready now, and not for the best scenario but for the worst.1.The dif

34、ference between avian flu and human flu is that（ ） .2.The reason that bird flu strikes the young and able-bodied the hardest may be（ ） .3.According to the author, which is the best source that college students can rely upon if there are outbreaks of bird flu on college campuses?4.We can learn from t

35、he passage that（ ） .问题1选项A.the avian flu should be commanding our rapt attentionB.the avian flu mainly threatens the young peopleC.the avian flu is to cause a devastating worldwide pandemic in the next few yearsD.the avian flu is an annual annoyance that kills only the frail and elderly问题2选项A.the bo

36、dy loses oxygen and other organs failB.a sodden mass of dying tissuesC.the enthusiastic immune systems of the youngD.the overreaction of blood, toxic fluid, and rampaging inflammatory cells问题3选项A.The national stockpile of Tamiflu.B.The governments medical resources.C.Drugs provided by the feds.D.The

37、 stockpile of the students health centers.问题4选项A.it is impossible that bird flu outbreaks on college campusesB.the reason that bird flu may impossibly outbreak on college campuses is that social distancing will be tough to enforce thereC.both individuals and communities should be prepared for the th

38、reatD.we need to get ready now for the worst scenario prepared for the fury of bird flu【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.细节题。根据题干关键词difference between avian flu and human flu 定位至第一段: difference between .threatens to become the young peoples plague. 故B项正确。2.细节题。根据题干关键词strikes the young定位至第三段: This vulner

39、ability may stem from the robust and fast-responding immune systems of the young, 即原因是免疫系统太好了，过度防御造成的。3.细节题。根据题干关键词outbreaks of bird flu on college定位至第六段第五句, C项是the feds will provide drugs的复现。4.推断题。文章最后一段最后一句与选项D重现。8. 单选题After 1989, the external （ ） vanished, but the danger to American civilization

40、remained.问题1选项A.disruptionB.menaceC.liabilityD.emergence【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。disruption 中断，分裂；menace 威胁，胁迫; liability 责任，义务；emergence 出现，出来，暴露。句意: 1989年之后，外部 消失了，但对美国文明的危险依然存在。 因此B项符合句意和逻辑。9. 单选题The military operations（ ）yesterday were targeted at the military installations.问题1选项A.propelledB.commencedC.pla

41、guedD.modulated【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。空格处做的是后置定语，修饰the military operations(军事行动)，B项commenced(开始)符合句意。10. 单选题The government is trying to help these enterprises out of the（ ）by various means.问题1选项A.flightB.plightC.delightD.twilight【答案】B【解析】近义词辨析。flight 航班，航机；plight 境况，困境；delight 高兴，快乐；twilight 黄昏，黎明。plight放在此处

42、比较适合, out of the plight意为“走出困境”。11. 单选题The collapse of the Earths magnetic field which guards the planet and guides many of its creatures appears to have started seriously about 150 years ago, the New York Times reported last week.The fields strength has decreased by 10 or 15 percent so far and this

43、 has increased the debate over whether it signals a reversal of the planets lines of magnetic force.During a reversal, the main field weakens, almost vanishes, and reappears with opposite polarity （极）.The transition would take thousands of years. Once completed, compass needles that had pointed nort

44、h would point south. A reversal could cause problems for both man and animals. Astronauts and satellites would have difficulties. Birds, fish and animals that rely on the magnetic field for navigation would find migration confusing. But experts said the effects would not be a big disaster, despite c

45、laims of doom and vague evidence of links between past field reversals and species extinctions.Although a total transition may be hundreds or thousands of years away, the rapid decline in magnetic strength is already affecting satellites. Last month, the European Space Agency approved the worlds lar

46、gest effort at tracking the fields shifts. A group of new satellites, called Swarm, is to monitor the collapsing field with far greater precision. “ We want to get some idea of how this would evolve in the near future, just like people trying to predict the weather，” said Gauthier Hulot, a French ge

47、ophysicist working on the satellite plan. “Im personally quite convinced we should be able to work out the first predictions by the end of the mission. No matter what the new findings, the public has no reason to panic. Even if a transition is coming on its way, it might take 2, 000 years to mature.

48、 The last one took place 780,000 years ago, when early humans were learning how to make stone tools. Deep inside the Earth flow hot currents of melted iron. This mechanical energy creates electromagnetism. This process is known as the geophysical generator. In a cars generator, the same principle tu

49、rns mechanical energy into electricity.No one knows precisely why the field periodically reverses. But scientists say the responsibility probably lies with changes in the disorderly flows of melted iron, which they see as similar to the gases that make up the clouds of Jupiter.1.According to the pas

50、sage, the Earths magnetic field has（ ） .2.During the transition of the Earths magnetic field （ ）.3.The author says the public has no reason to panic” because（ ） .4.The cause of the transition of the Earths magnetic field comes from（ ） .问题1选项A.misguided many a man and animalB.begun to change in the o

51、pposite directionC.caused the changes on the polaritiesD.been weakening in strength for a long time问题2选项A.the compass will become uselessB.man and animals will be confused in directionsC.the magnetic strength of the Earth will disappearD.the magnetic strength of the Earth will be stronger问题3选项A.the

52、transition is still thousands of years from nowB.the transition can be precisely predicted by scientistsC.the process of the transition will take a very long time to finishD.the new transition will come 780, 000 years from now问题4选项A.the movement deep inside the EarthB.the periodical reverses of the

53、EarthC.the force coining from outer spaceD.the mechanical movement of the Earth【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.细节题。文章前两段指出地球磁场开始发生变化，后来指出正在向相反的方向发生变化。故选B。2.细节题。根据题干关键词transition 定位至第三段。由此推测B项 “人和动物在方向上会混淆”正确。3.细节题。根据题干关键词public has no reason to panic定位至第五段。由此推测B项 “人和动物在方向上会混淆”正确。关键词public has no reaso

54、n to panic后面就讲了原因: it might take 2, 000 years to mature(可能要2000年才能成熟)。 故选C。4.细节题。根据题干关键词cause of the transition of the Earths magnetic field 定位至最后一段:changes in the disorderly flows of melted iron, 即原因是地球内部深处流动着液体铁，这种机械能会产生电磁。12. 单选题They admitted that they shared the same（ ）on the matter.问题1选项A.Poten

55、tialityB.sentimentC.postscriptD.subscription【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。potentiality 潜能，潜力；sentiment 情操，情感；postscript 附言，后记；subscription 订金；捐献。shared the same后接选项D, 表示在这件事上出相同的订金。13. 单选题The torch was（ ）by a famous athlete at the opening of the sport meeting.问题1选项A.implementB.deceiveC.exemplifyD.ignited【答案】D【解析】

56、动词词义辨析。implement实施，执行；deceive欺诈,误导；exemplify 举例证明；ignite点燃,引发。句意:一位著名的运动员点燃了火炬。选项D符合句意。14. 单选题I was entrusted to（ ）to a newspaper article making predictions for the New Year.问题1选项A.contributeB.detractC.convertD.entail【答案】A【解析】动词辨析。contribute to a newspaper article意思是“给报纸写文章投稿”。15. 单选题These samples h

57、ave to be（ ）in certain kind of chemical water in order to protect them.问题1选项A.immersedB.crispedC.armoredD.arrayed【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。Immerse浸没, 陷入； crisp 变脆,卷曲；armor 为穿盔甲；为提供防御；array 部署，排列。句意:这些样品必须 在某种化学水中。选项A符合句意。16. 单选题Shopping malls have some advantage in suffering from shorter periods of（ ）business

58、.问题1选项A.staleB.slackC.ferrousD.abundant【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析。stale 不新鲜的 ，可以指食物，也可以指事情；slack 松弛的，不活跃的；生意不景气的；ferrous 含铁的；abundant 大量的，充足的。句子中与business搭配的应该是slack, slack business指“生意不景气，萧条”。17. 单选题The energy（ ）by the chain reaction is transformed into heat.问题1选项A.transferredB.releasedC.conveyedD.delivered【答案

59、】B【解析】动词辨析。Transfer 转让, 转移; release 释放; convey 传达,运输; deliver 递送, 释放。句意: 链式反应 的能量被转化为热量。故B项符合句意。18. 单选题The protests were part of their（ ）against the proposed building development in the area.问题1选项A.commissionB.commitmentC.conventionD.campaign【答案】D【解析】语义题。commission 授权，委托；commitment承诺，许诺，保证；conventio

60、n 习俗，惯例。campaign 运动, 战役。根据句中protests，part of推测, D项campaign符合句意。19. 单选题Sea rise as a consequence of global warming would immediately threaten that large fraction of the globe living at the sea level. Nearly one-third of all human beings live within 36 miles of a coastline. Most of the worlds great se

61、aport cities would be （1 ）: New Orleans, Amsterdam, Shanghai, and Cairo. Some countries Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, islands in the Pacific would be inundated. Heavily populated coastal areas such as in Bangladesh and Egypt,（2）large populations occupy low-lying areas, would suffer extreme （

62、3） .Warmer oceans would spawn stronger hurricanes and typhoons, （4）in coastal flooding, possibly swamping valuable agricultural lands around the world. （5） water quality may result as（6） flooding which forces salt water into coastal irrigation and drinking water supplies, and irreplaceable, natural （7）could be flooded with ocean water, destroying forever many of the （8） plant and animal species living there.Food supplies and forests would be （9）affected. Changes in rainfall patterns would disrupt agriculture. War