2022年考博英语-西北师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷17

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1、2022年考博英语-西北师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题As you all know, the United States is a country on wheels. Nearly eight million new cars are made each year; four households out of five own at least one car, and more than a quarter have two each. Yet youll be surprised to learn that some of the car-owners ev

2、en suffer from malnutrition.In 1968, a nation-wide survey of malnutrition was made for the first time. It found that 10 million people are suffering in health through inadequate feeding; the causes of their plight were varied. Unemployment over a long period should be considered as the main factor.

3、And unemployment, strange to say, nine times out of ten results from automation, both in industrial and agricultural areas. For example, in the rural South when a cotton plantation suddenly cuts its force from 100 people to three, the problem to help the displaced arises. So is the case with industr

4、ial automation. In fact, probably 2 million jobs are made unnecessary each year in the whole country as a result of the automation process, thus making unemployment a chief social concern. According to government statistics, the number of people unemployed was over 5 percent for the period from 1958

5、 to 1963. In July 1981, it rose to 7.8 percent. As a matter of fact, it has long been known that even during the most prosperous periods there have been people without enough to eat. So I think thats why President Kennedy said in his inauguration speech in 1961, if the government did not help the po

6、or, it could not save the rich.In 1966, the Social Security Administration calculated that a family of four needed an income of $3,355 a year to be above the line of poverty. And in 1977, the average poverty line of the country was slightly more than $6,200 annual income for a non-farm family of fou

7、r. According to the Social Security Act, families of that size below poverty line are eligible to receive benefits from the special welfare program. The average weekly payment of benefits now is equivalent to 36 percent of the workers normal wage. And the number of people who receive government bene

8、fits is increasing. In 1973, social insurance payments by governments, mainly to old age pensioners and people who had lost their jobs or were off work through illness, amounted to $86,000 million. Those not fully qualified for insurance payments received $29,000 million in public aid.But problems s

9、till exist. Many people are not reached by the anti-poverty program, because local authorities and agencies do not want to play their part or do not gave the resources to do so. Some poor people will not accept help for various reasons. Of course, there are some more important factors which lie in t

10、he structure of the society, but I dont consider it necessary to dig into them here. Yet we will perhaps agree that social welfare programs have solved to some extent the problems of feeding, clothing and housing those below the poverty line. On the whole, it perhaps might be said that American peop

11、le are living a better life than people in most other countries.1.The United States is called a country on wheels because（ ）.2.According to a 1968 survey, ten million Americans found themselves in a difficult health situation chiefly due to（ ）.3.The author use “the displaced” (Line 6 , Para. 2) to r

12、efer to those who are（ ）.4.The word “eligible” (Line 4, Para. 3) is synonymous with “（ ）”.5.Americans are living a better life than those in most of other countries because, to some degree,（ ）.问题1选项A.about one-fourth Americans own two carsB.a bit over one out of four households are the owners of two

13、 carsC.nearly 8 million new cars drive in the country every yearD.80% Americans have at least one car问题2选项A.inadequate feedingB.malnutritionC.unemploymentD.automation问题3选项A.unemployedB.disabledC.sickD.poor问题4选项A.necessaryB.urgentC.neededD.worthy问题5选项A.many Americans receive benefits from the special

14、 welfare programB.some poor people can receive help for some reason or otherC.there is the anti-poverty program in the U.S.D.social welfare programs have some measure settled the problems of those below the poverty line【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段，第一段第二句说到four households ou

15、t of five own at least one car, and more than a quarter have two each（五分之四的家庭至少有一辆车，超过四分之一的家庭拥有两辆汽车），可以说明美国为什么被称为车轮上的国家。因此B选项“超过四分之一的家庭拥有两辆汽车”正确。A选项“大约四分之一的美国人拥有两辆汽车”，由原文可知是超过四分之一的美国家庭拥有两辆汽车，而不是美国人，所以A错误。C选项“每年有近800万辆新车在这个国家行驶”，由原文可知，是每年生产近800万辆新车，不代表所有新车都能上路行驶，所以C错误。D选项“80%的美国人至少有一辆车”，由原文可知，是80%的家庭

16、至少拥有一辆汽车，所以D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二、三句It found that 10 million people are suffering in health through inadequate feeding; the causes of their plight were varied. Unemployment over a long period should be considered as the main factor.（有1000万人因饮食不足而健康状况不佳；造成他们困境的原因多种多样。长期失业应被视为主要因素。），说明美国人健康状况不佳的主

17、要原因是失业。因此C选项“失业”正确。A选项“饮食不足”，B选项“营养不良”，D选项“自动化”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。3.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第四、五句And unemployment, strange to say, nine times out of ten results from automation, both in industrial and agricultural areas. For example, in the rural South when a cotton plantation suddenly cuts its force from

18、100 people to three, the problem to help the displaced arises.（奇怪的是，失业十有八九是由自动化造成的，无论是在工业还是农业领域。例如，在南方农村，当一个棉花种植园突然将其劳动力从100人削减到3人时，帮助流离失所者的问题就出现了。），说明“the displaced”在文中的意思是失业的人。因此A选项“失业者”正确。B选项“残疾人”，C选项“病人”，D选项“穷人”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。4.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句According to the Social Security Act, famili

19、es of that size below poverty line are eligible to receive benefits from the special welfare program.（根据社会保障法，这种规模的家庭在贫困线以下，有资格领取特别福利计划的补助。），说明“eligible”在文中的意思是有资格。因此D选项“应得的，值得的”正确。A选项“必要的”，B选项“紧急的”，C选项“必须的”均不符合题意，所以A，B，C错误。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第五、六句Yet we will perhaps agree that social welfare pro

20、grams have solved to some extent the problems of feeding, clothing and housing those below the poverty line. On the whole, it perhaps might be said that American people are living a better life than people in most other countries.（然而，我们可能会同意，社会福利计划在一定程度上解决了贫困线以下的人的吃、穿、住问题。总的来说，也许可以说，美国人比大多数其他国家的人生活得

21、更好。），说明美国人比其他大多数国家的人生活得更好的原因是社会福利计划帮助了贫困线以下的人。因此D选项“社会福利计划在一定程度上解决了贫困线以下人群的问题”正确。A选项“许多美国人从特殊的福利计划中得到了好处”，B选项“一些贫困人口由于某种原因可以得到帮助”，C选项“美国有反贫困计划”均不符合题意，所以A，B，C错误。2. 单选题Although many experts agree that more children are overweight, there is debate over the best ways to（ ）the problem.问题1选项A.relateB.tack

22、leC.fileD.attach【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项relate“关联”；B选项tackle“处理”；C选项file“提出”；D选项attach“附加”。句意：尽管许多专家一致认为有更多的儿童超重，但是对于解决这个问题的最佳方法还存在争议。本句表示解决儿童超重问题的方法，因此B选项正确。3. 单选题Indigo is a vat color,（ ）called because it does not dissolve in water.问题1选项A.which isB.it isC.butD.so【答案】D【解析】考查副词修饰动词。A选项使用主动语态错误，并且谓语重复，排除；

23、B选项谓语重复，排除；C选项but后面缺少主语，排除。D选项so是一个副词，意思是“这样地”。句意：靛蓝是一种染色用颜色，之所以这样称呼是因为它不溶于水。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题An important factor in determining how well you perform in an examination is the（ ）of your mind.问题1选项A.stateB.caseC.situationD.circumstance【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项state“状态”；B选项case“案例”；C选项situation“情况”；D选项circumsta

24、nce“状况”。句意：决定你在考试中表现如何的一个重要因素是你的心态。本句表示思想的状态，只能和state搭配，因此A选项正确。5. 单选题Which is safer-staying at home, traveling to work on public transport, or working in the office? Surprisingly, each of these carries the same risk, which is very low. However, what about flying compared to working in the chemical

25、industry? Unfortunately, the former is 65 times riskier than the latter! In fact, the accident rate of workers in the chemical industry is less than that of almost any of human activity, and almost as safe as staying at home.The trouble with the chemical industry is that when things go wrong they of

26、ten cause death to those living nearby. It is this which makes chemical accidents so newsworthy. Fortunately, they are extremely rare. The most famous ones happened at Texas City (1947), Flixborough (1974), Seveso (1976), Pemex (1984) and Bhopal (1984).Some of these are always in the minds of the pe

27、ople even though the loss of life was small. No one died at Seveso, and only 28 workers at Flixborough. The worst accident of all was Bhopal, where up to 3,000 were killed. The Texas City explosion of fertilizer killed 552. The Pemex fire at a storage plant for natural gas in the suburbs of Mexico C

28、ity took 542 lives, just a month before the unfortunate event at Bhopal.Some experts have discussed these accidents and used each accident to illustrate a particular danger. Thus the Texas City explosion was caused by tons of ammonium nitrate (硝酸铵), which is safe unless stored in great quantity. The

29、 Flixborough fireball was the fault of management, which took risks to keep production going during essential repairs. The Seveso accident shows what happens if the local authorities lack knowledge of the danger on their doorstep. When the poisonous gas drifted over the town, local leaders were inca

30、pable of taking effective action. The Pemex fire was made worse by an overloaded site in an overcrowded suburb. The fire set off a chain reaction of exploding storage tanks. Yet, by a miracle, the two largest tanks did not explode. Had these caught fire, then 3,000 strong rescue team and fire fighte

31、rs would all have died.1. Which of the following statements is true?2.Chemical accidents are usually important enough to be reported as news because（ ）.3.According to passage, the chemical accident that caused by the fault of management happened at（ ）.4.From the passage we know that ammonium nitrate

32、 is a kind of（ ）.5.From the discussion among some experts we may conclude that（ ）.问题1选项A.Working at the office is safer than staying at home.B.Travelling to work on public transport is safer than working at the office.C.Staying at home is safer than working in the chemical industry.D.Working in the

33、chemical industry is safer than traveling by air.问题2选项A.they are very rareB.they often cause loss of lifeC.they always occur in big citiesD.they arouse the interest of all the readers问题3选项A.Texas cityB.FlixboroughC.SevesoD.Mexico City问题4选项A.natural gas, which can easily catch fireB.fertilizer, which

34、 cant be stored in a great quantityC.poisonous substance, which cant be used in overcrowded areasD.fuel, which is stored in large tanks问题5选项A.to avoid any accidents we should not repair the facilities in chemical industryB.the local authorities should not be concerned with the production of the chem

35、ical industryC.all these accidents could have been avoided or controlled if effective measure had been takenD.natural gas stored in very large tanks is always safe【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.客观细节题。由D选项关键词“chemical industry”可以定位到文章第一段第三、四句However, what about flying compared to working in the c

36、hemical industry? Unfortunately, the former is 65 times riskier than the latter!（然而，坐飞机和在化工行业工作相比怎么样呢？不幸的是，前者的风险是后者的65倍！），说明在化工行业工作比坐飞机更安全。因此D选项“在化工行业工作比坐飞机更安全。”正确。A选项“在办公室工作比待在家里更安全”，B选项“乘公共交通工具去上班比在办公室工作更安全”，由原文可知待在家里、乘坐公共交通工具上班和在办公室工作的风险是相同的，没有谁比谁更安全，所以A，B错误。由第一段最后一句the accident rate of workers i

37、n the chemical industry is less than that of almost any of human activity, and almost as safe as staying at home（化工行业工人的事故率比几乎任何人类活动都要低，几乎和待在家里一样安全），说明化工行业和待在家里一样安全，所以C选项“待在家里比在化工行业工作更安全”错误。2.客观细节题。由题干关键词“reported as news”可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句The trouble with the chemical industry is that when things go w

38、rong they often cause death to those living nearby. It is this which makes chemical accidents so newsworthy.（化工行业的问题是，一旦出现问题，往往会导致附近居民死亡。这也使得化学事故具有新闻价值。），说明新闻报道化学事故是因为它们会导致人员死亡。因此B选项“它们经常造成生命损失”正确。A选项“它们非常罕见”，C选项“它们总是发生在大城市”，D选项“它们引起了所有读者的兴趣”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干关键词“fault of management”可以定位

39、到文章第四段第三句The Flixborough fireball was the fault of management, which took risks to keep production going during essential repairs.（弗利克斯伯勒的火灾是管理层的失误造成的，因为他们冒着风险在重要维修期间继续生产。），说明由管理失误造成的化学事故发生在弗利克斯伯勒。因此B选项“弗利克斯伯勒”正确。A选项“得克萨斯城”，C选项“塞维索”和D选项“墨西哥城”的事故不是因为管理失误，所以A，C，D错误。4.客观细节题。由题干关键词“ammonium nitrate”可以定位

40、到文章第四段第二句Thus the Texas City explosion was caused by tons of ammonium nitrate, which is safe unless stored in great quantity.（因此，得克萨斯城的爆炸是由数吨硝酸铵引起的，大量储存硝酸铵是不安全的。），说明硝酸铵不能大量储存，另外文章第三段第四句The Texas City explosion of fertilizer killed 552.（得克萨斯城的肥料爆炸造成552人死亡。）说明造成得克萨斯城爆炸事故的硝酸铵是一种肥料。因此B选项“不能大量储存的化学肥料”正确。

41、A选项“天然气，很容易着火”是墨西哥城火灾事故的原因，C选项“有毒物质，不能在人满为患地区使用”，由文章可知塞维索的事故是毒气造成的，D选项“燃料，它被储存在大的油箱里”在文中没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。5.推理判断题。由A选项关键词“repair”可以定位到文章第四段第三句The Flixborough fireball was the fault of management, which took risks to keep production going during essential repairs.（弗利克斯伯勒的火灾是管理层的失误造成的，因为他们冒着风险在重要维修期间继续生产

42、。），说明维修设备很重要，不能冒着风险在维修设备时继续生产。因此A选项“为了避免事故，我们不应该维修化工设施”错误。由B选项关键词“local authorities”可以定位到文章第四段第四、五句The Seveso accident shows what happens if the local authorities lack knowledge of the danger on their doorstep. When the poisonous gas drifted over the town, local leaders were incapable of taking effe

43、ctive action.（塞维索事故表明，如果地方当局对其家门口的危险缺乏了解，将会发生什么。当毒气飘过城镇上空时，当地领导无法采取有效行动。），说明地方当局需要了解当地化工生产的情况。因此B选项“地方当局不应关心化学工业的生产”错误。由D选项关键词“tanks”可以定位到第四段倒数第三句The fire set off a chain reaction of exploding storage tanks.（大火引起储存罐爆炸的连锁反应。），说明储存罐里的天然气也会发生气体爆炸的事故。因此D选项“储存在大型储罐中的天然气总是安全的”错误。第四段列举了各种原因引发的事故，同时也相对应采取的措

44、施，因此C选项“如果采取有效措施，所有这些事故都是可以避免或控制的”正确。6. 单选题My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk（ ）far.问题1选项A./B.suchC.thatD.as【答案】C【解析】考查副词用法。句意：我女儿今天已经走了8英里，我们从没想过她能走那么远。such后面常接名词或名词词组，排除B；as后接副词常用在“as as”结构中，排除D。that作副词，意思是“那样，那么”，可放在形容词或副词之前，表示强调，符合句意，因此C选项正确。7. 单选题This

45、 is an illness that can result in total blindness（ ）left untreated.问题1选项A.afterB.ifC.sinceD.unless【答案】B【解析】考查条件状语从句。if引导的条件状语从句，如果从句和主句的主语一致，则从句中的主语和be动词可以一同省略，此句省略了the illness is。句意：这种疾病如果不加以治疗，就会导致完全失明。因此B选项正确。8. 单选题（ ）the opportunity, he might well have become an outstanding cartoonist.问题1选项A.Giv

46、enB.To giveC.GivingD.Being given【答案】A【解析】考查过去分词作状语。given the opportunity是过去分词短语作状语，相当于一个与过去情况相反的虚拟条件句，等于if he had been given the opportunity。句意：如果有机会，他很可能会成为一位杰出的漫画家。因此A选项正确。9. 单选题Our association, which has consistently pressed for greater employment opportunities for the disabled, will publish,（ ）p

47、roposals in the near future.问题1选项A.theirB.ourC.hisD.its【答案】D【解析】考查代词的用法。从association后的定语从句可以看出，这里的association是作为一个整体概念出现的，因此谓语用单数形式has pressed，那么后面对应的形容词性物主代词也应该表示单数概念，A选项their“他们的”，B选项our“我们的”是复数概念，排除A，B。association是物不是人，C选项his“他的”用来指人，D选项its“它的”用来指物。因此D选项正确。10. 单选题Men differ from animals（ ）they ca

48、n think and speak.问题1选项A.for whichB.for thatC.in thatD.in which【答案】C【解析】考查原因状语从句。A选项for which和D选项in which引导的是定语从句，排除A，D；B选项for that不能引导从句，排除B。C选项in that意思是“因为”，引导原因状语从句。句意：人不同于动物，因为人会思考和说话。因此C选项正确。11. 翻译题我国先秦思想家就提出了“亲仁善邻，国之宝也”的思想，反映了自古以来中国人民就希望天下太平、同各国人民友好相处。今天，专心致志进行现代化建设的中国人民，更需要有一个长期的和平国际环境和良好的周边

49、环境。我国的对外政策，是以和平为宗旨的。我们坚持在和平共处五项原则，特别是在相互尊重、平等互利、互不干涉内政的原则基础上，同世界各国建立和发展友好合作关系。我们绝不会把自己曾经遭受欺凌的苦难加之于人。中国的发展与进步，不会对任何人构成威胁。将来中国富强起来了，也永远不称霸。中国始终是维护世界和平与地区稳定的坚定力量。【答案】As early as in the pre-Qin Dynasty, Chinese thinkers put forward the idea of “benevolence and good neighborliness are the treasures of a

50、country”, which reflects the Chinese peoples desire for world peace and friendly relations with people of all countries since ancient times. Today, the Chinese people, dedicated to modernization, need more than ever a long-term peaceful international environment and a good surrounding environment. C

51、hinas foreign policy is based on peace. We are committed to establishing and developing friendly relations and cooperation with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, especially the principles of mutual respect, equality, mutual benefit and mutual non-involvemen

52、t in each others internal affairs. We will never inflict on others the hardships we have suffered from bullying. Chinas development and progress will pose no threat to anyone. In the future, when China becomes rich and strong, it will never claim hegemony either. China will always be a staunch force

53、 for world peace and regional stability.12. 单选题Just over a decade into the 21st century, womens progress can be celebrated across a range of fields. They hold the highest political offices from Thailand to Brazil, Costa Rica to Australia. A woman holds the top spot at the International Monetary Fund

54、; another won the Nobel Prize in economics. Self-made billionaires in Beijing, tech innovators in Silicon Valley, pioneering justices in Ghana-in these and countless other areas, women are leaving their mark.But hold the applause. In Saudi Arabia, women arent allowed to drive. In Pakistan, 1000 wome

55、n die in honor killings every year. In the developed world, women lag behind men in pay and political power. The poverty rate among women in the U.S. rose to 14.5% last year.To measure the state of womens progress. Newsweek ranked 165 countries, looking at five areas that affect womens lives: treatm

56、ent under the law, workforce participation, political power, and access to education and health care. Analyzing data from the United Nations and the World Economic Forum, among others, and consulting with experts and academics, we measured 28 factors to come up with our rankings.Countries with the h

57、ighest scores tend to be clustered in the West, where gender discrimination is against the law, and equal rights are constitutionally enshrined (神圣化). But there were some surprises. Some otherwise high-ranking countries had relatively low scores for political representation. Canada ranked third over

58、all but 26th in power, behind countries such as Cuba and Burundi. Does this suggest that a woman in a nations top office translates to better lives for women in general? Not exactly. “Trying to quantify or measure the impact of women in politics is hard because in very few countries have there been

59、enough women in politics to make a difference,” says Anne-Marie Goetz, peace and security adviser for U.N. Women.Of course, no index can account for everything. Declaring that one country is better than another in the way that it treats more than half its citizens means relying on broad strokes and

60、generalities. Some things simply cant be measured. And cross-cultural comparisons cant account for differences of opinion.Certain conclusions are nonetheless clear. For one thing, our index backs up a simple but profound statement made by Hillary Clinton at the recent Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperati

61、on summit. “When we liberate the economic potential of women, we elevate the economic performance of communities, nations, and the world,” she said. “Theres a stimulative effect that kicks in when women have greater access to jobs and the economic lives of our countries: Greater political stability.

62、 Fewer military conflicts. More food. More educational opportunity for children. By harnessing the economic potential of all women, we boost opportunity for all people.”1.What does the author think about womens progress so far?2.In what countries have women made the greatest progress?3.What do Newsw

63、eek rankings reveal about women in Canada?4.What does Anne-Marie Goetz think of a woman being in a nations top office?5.What does Hillary Clinton suggest we do to make the world a better place?问题1选项A.It still leaves much to be desired.B.It is too remarkable to be measured.C.It has greatly changed wo

64、mens fate.D.It is achieved through hard struggle.问题2选项A.Where women hold key posts in government.B.Where womens rights are protected by law.C.Where womens participation in management is high.D.Where women enjoy better education and health care.问题3选项A.They care little about political participation.B.They are g