2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷14

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1、2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题She was so fat that she could only just（ ）through the door.问题1选项A.assembleB.appearC.squeezeD.gather【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。考查动词辨析。A选项assemble“集合，聚集”；B选项appear “出现，显得”；C选项squeeze“挤，紧握，勒索，压榨，使挤进”；D选项gather“收集，聚集”。句意：她太胖了，身体仅能勉强挤过门。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。2. 单选题Mutual respe

2、ct for territorial（ ）is one of the bases upon which our two countries develop relationships.问题1选项A.reliabilityB.unityC.entiretyD.integrity【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项reliability“可靠性”；B选项unity“团结，一致”；C选项entirety“全部，完全”，强调整体，例句：The peace plan has not been accepted in its entirety by all parties.（该和平计划还没有被各方全部接

3、受。）；D选项integrity“完整；正直”强调领土完整不可分割，例句：Separatist movements are a threat to the integrity of the nation.（分裂活动是对国家领土完整的威胁。）。句意：相互尊重领土完整是两国发展关系的基础之一。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。3. 单选题The government（ ）regulations that put this archeological site under protection.问题1选项A.dischargedB.releasedC.issuedD.published【答案】C

4、【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项discharge“准许（某人）离开，释放，排出”；B选项release“释放，发泄，免除”；C选项issue“发行，发布”；D选项publish“出版，发表，公布”。句意：政府颁布条例来保护这个考古遗址。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。4. 单选题Too much（ ）to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.问题1选项A.disclosureB.exhibitionC.contactD.exposure【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项disclosure“披露

5、，揭发”；B选项exhibition“展览，显示”；C选项contact “接触，联系”；D选项exposure“暴露，曝光”。句意：过多暴露在X射线下会导致皮肤损伤、癌症或其他身体损伤。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。5. 单选题Last year, Matt earned（ ）his brother, who has a better position.问题1选项A.twice as much asB.twice as many asC.twice more asD.twice as more as【答案】A【解析】考查倍数的表达。1.倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+其它。这种

6、结构又常演变成下列两类：倍数+as+ many+可数名词复数+as；倍数+as+much+不可数名词+as。如:There are seven times as many people as I expected.（是我预料的人数的七倍。），There is five times as much coffee in this glass as in that one.（这个杯子里的咖啡是那个杯子里的五倍。），这个句子前半句说马特赚得比他哥哥多，肯定是钱money赚得多，而money是不可数，所以不能用many，排除B选项。没有C，D选项的用法。句意：去年马特比他哥哥赚得多两倍，而他哥哥的职位比

7、他高。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。6. 单选题The essential weakness of the old and traditional education was not just that it emphasized the necessity for provision of definite subject-matter and activities. These things are necessities for anything that can rightly be called education. The weakness and evil was that

8、the imagination of educators did not go beyond provision of a fixed and rigid environment of subject-matter, one drawn moreover from sources altogether too remote from the experiences of the pupil. What is needed in the new education is more attention, not less, to subject-matter and to progress in

9、technique. But when I say more I do not mean more in quantity of the same old kind. I mean an imaginative vision which sees that no prescribed and ready-made scheme can possibly determine the exact subject-matter that will best promote the educative growth of every individual young person; that even

10、 new individual sets a new problem; that he calls for at least a somewhat different emphasis in subject-matter presented. There is nothing more blindly stupid than the convention which supposes that the matter actually contained in textbooks of arithmetic, history, geography, etc., is just what will

11、 further the educational development of all children.But withdrawal from the hard and fast and narrow contents of the old curriculum is only the negative side of the matter. If we do not go far in the positive direction of providing a body of subject-matter much richer, more varied and flexible, and

12、 also in truth more definite, judged in terms of the experience of those being educated, than traditional education supplied, we shall tend to leave an educational vacuum in which anything may happen. Complete isolation is impossible in nature. The young live in some environment whether we intend it

13、 or not, and this environment is constantly interacting with what children and youth bring to it, and the result is the shaping of their interests, minds and charactereither educatively or mis-educatively. If the professed educator gives up his responsibility for judging and selecting the kind of en

14、vironment that his best understanding leads him to think will be contributive to growth, then the young are left at the mercy of all the unorganized and casual forces of the modern social environment that inevitably play upon them as long as they live. In the educative environment the knowledge, jud

15、gment and experience of the teacher is a greater, not a smaller factor, than it is in the traditional school. The difference is that the teacher operates not as a judge set on high and marked by arbitrary authority but as a friendly co-partner and guide in a common enterprise.1. In the authors view,

16、 the basic fault of old education consists in（ ）.2. The author agitates reforms in the（ ）.3. It seems that new educationalists favor（ ）.4. There will be the risk of forming an educational blank if（ ）.5. Pupils may be well guarded against ill social influences as long as（ ）.问题1选项A.the inadequate supp

17、ly of specific subjects and programsB.the poor imaginative capacities of educatorsC.providing inflexible educational conditionsD.making pupils read textbooks with outdated content问题2选项A.old subject-matter to follow technological advancesB.stale teaching materials and teaching methodsC.prescribed tex

18、tbooks and unchanging systemsD.general consent about multipurpose textbooks问题3选项A.teaching pupils according to each ones talentB.introducing the latest information to the youthC.rendering instruction close to pupils experiencesD.supplementing all textbooks with fresh materials4. There will be the ri

19、sk of forming an educational blank if（ ）.问题4选项A.the rigid school curricula are thoroughly transformedB.the negative effect of old education is only partly recognizedC.the traditional subject-matter totally substitutes for new oneD.the replacement of unvarying courses with flexible ones fails5. Pupil

20、s may be well guarded against ill social influences as long as（ ）.问题5选项A.educators discard their liability for the being-educatedB.teachers have sound judgment to make the right choiceC.instructors help establish conditions favorable to pupils growthD.schoolmasters function as equal co-operators in

21、a joint business【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：在作者看来，旧教育的基本错误在于_。根据关键词“basic fault”和“old education”可以定位到文章第一段The essential weakness of the old and traditional education was not just that it emphasized the necessity for provision of definite subject-matter and activities. These things ar

22、e necessities for anything that can rightly be called education. The weakness and evil was that the imagination of educators did not go beyond provision of a fixed and rigid environment of subject-matter, one drawn moreover from sources altogether too remote from the experiences of the pupil.（旧的和传统的

23、教育的本质弱点不仅仅是它强调提供明确的主题和活动的必要性。这些东西对于任何可以被称为教育的东西都是必需的。教育工作者的缺点和不幸是，他们的想象力不能超越为学生提供一个固定的、僵化的学习环境，而且他们的学习来源与学生的经历相距甚远。），B选项“教育工作者缺乏想象力”，符合原文表达的意思。A选项“特定科目和课程供应不足”和C选项“提供固定的教育条件”，和原文表达的意思冲突，D选项“让学生阅读内容过时的课本”在文中并没有提及，综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。2.事实细节题。题干：作者在_上鼓励改革。根据题干可以定位到文章第一段第四句话What is needed in the new educat

24、ion is more attention, not less, to subject-matter and to progress in technique.（新教育所需要的是更多的关注，而不是更少的关注素材和技术的进步。），可知A选项“跟随技术进步的老题材”符合题意。B选项“陈旧的教材和教学方法”，C选项“规定的教科书和不变的系统”和D选项“对多用途教科书的普遍认可”在文中均未提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。3.事实细节题。题干：新的教育学家似乎更青睐_。根据题干可以定位到文章第一段What is needed in the new education is more attent

25、ion, not less, to subject-matter and to progress in technique. But when I say more I do not mean more in quantity of the same old kind. I mean an imaginative vision which sees that no prescribed and ready-made scheme can possibly determine the exact subject-matter that will best promote the educativ

26、e growth of every individual young person;（新教育所需要的是更多的关注，而不是更少的关注素材和技术的进步。但是，当我说“更多”的时候，我并不是指同样的数量上的“更多”。我指的是一种富有想象力的愿景，认为没有现成的计划可以确定最能促进每个年轻人教育成长的确切主题；），原文表达的意思是没有固定的教材可以促进每个年轻人的成长，不同的年轻人应该使用不同的教育素材，因此A选项“因材施教”，符合题意。B选项“向青年介绍最新的信息”，C选项“贴近学生的经验进行教学”，D选项“用新材料补充所有教科书”，均不符合原文意思，所以本题的正确答案是A选项。4.细节推理题。题干

27、：如果_，将有形成教育空白的风险。根据关键词“educational blank”可以定位到文章第二段第二句If we do not go far in the positive direction of providing a body of subject-matter much richer, more varied and flexible, and also in truth more definite, judged in terms of the experience of those being educated, than traditional education supp

28、lied, we shall tend to leave an educational vacuum in which anything may happen.（如果我们不能比传统教育提供一个主题更丰富、更多样和灵活的主体的正确方向，不能在事实上比传统教育更加明确，不能判断针对这些教育的经验，针对任何发生的事情，我们都将可能形成教育空白。），D选项“用灵活的课程替代不变的课程失败了”说法与句意一致。A选项“僵化的学校课程被彻底改变了”与句意相反。B选项“旧教育的负面影响只被部分认识到”，在文中没有提及，说法无根据。C选项“传统的题材完全取代了新的题材”与句意相反。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选

29、项。5.主旨大意题。题干：只要_，学生们就可以很好地防范不良的社会影响。根据题干可以定位到文章第二段The young live in some environment whether we intend it or not, and this environment is constantly interacting with what children and youth bring to it, and the result is the shaping of their interests, minds and charactereither educatively or mis-ed

30、ucatively. If the professed educator gives up his responsibility for judging and selecting the kind of environment that his best understanding leads him to think will be contributive to growth, then the young are left at the mercy of all the unorganized and casual forces of the modern social environ

31、ment that inevitably play upon them as long as they live.（不管我们愿意与否，年轻人都生活在某种环境中，而这种环境不断地与儿童和青少年带给它的东西相互影响，其结果是他们的兴趣、心智和性格的塑造是受教育的或者是受误导的。如果自诩的教育家放弃判断和选择在他的理解下有利于成长的环境的责任，那么年轻人就会任由现代社会环境中所有无组织的、随意的力量摆布，只要他们活着，这些力量就不可避免地会对他们产生影响。），所以只有教育者判断和选择对年轻人有利的环境，才能避免他们受到不良的影响，B选项“老师有足够的判断力来做出正确的选择”，符合题意。A选项“教育者

32、放弃他们对受教育者的责任”和原文的意思相反，排除。C选项“教师帮助建立有利于学生成长的条件”，教师只能帮助判断和选择环境，而不是主动创造条件，所以C选项不对。D选项“校长在联合企业中扮演平等的合作者的角色”，在文中并没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。7. 单选题Many countries have adopted systems of（ ）education in order to promote the average level of education.问题1选项A.constrainedB.compulsoryC.cardinalD.conventional【答案】B【解析

33、】考查形容词辨析。A选项constrained“强迫的，过于受约束的”，例如：a constrained confession（逼供、被迫招供），constrained emotions（受压抑的感情）；B选项compulsory“义务的，必修的”，例如：compulsory measures（强迫手段），compulsory service system（义务兵役制）；C选项cardinal“主要的，基本的”，例句：Respect for life is a cardinal principle of English law.（尊重生命是英国法律最重要的原则）；D选项conventional

34、“传统的，惯例的”，例句：The chairman made a few conventional remarks.（主席说了几句客套话。）。句意：为了提高平均教育水平，许多国家都采用了义务教育制度。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。8. 单选题There has not been a great response to the sale,（ ）?问题1选项A.does thereB.hasnt thereC.hasnt itD.has there【答案】D【解析】考查反义疑问句。含有there be结构的反义疑问句，如果陈述部分为there be结构时，则疑问部分用be（not）ther

35、e。例如：There is not much news，is there？本题用的是there be句型的完成时的否定形式，所以反义疑问句要用到完成时的肯定形式，即has there？句意：这次销售反响不太好，对吧？综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。9. 单选题No one expected him to（ ）against his former employer.问题1选项A.deduceB.testifyC.certifyD.allege【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deduce“推论，推断”；B选项testify“证明，证实”；C选项certify“证明，保证”；D选项alleg

36、e“宣称，断言”。四个选项中，只有B选项可以和against搭配，testify against sb作不利于某人的证明。句意：没人指望他会指证他的前雇主。由选项意思和固定搭配可知，B选项符合句意。10. 单选题She must have been pretty（ ）to fall for such an old trick.问题1选项A.interestedB.gullibleC.enthusiasticD.shrewd【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项interested“感兴趣的”；B选项gullible“易受骗的，轻信的”；C选项enthusiastic“热情的”；D选项shre

37、wd“精明的，狡猾的”。句意：她太容易上当受骗了，才落入这样的老圈套。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。11. 单选题The mechanic jacked up the car and then（ ）to change the tire.问题1选项A.advancedB.wentC.movedD.proceeded【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项advanced“提出，前进”；B选项went“达到，运转”；C选项moved“移动，搬动”；D选项proceeded“继续，进行”。句意：机械工用千斤顶把汽车顶起来，然后开始换轮胎。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。12. 单选题Wi

38、ld Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in World War II and later laid the roots for the CTA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionagespying as a “pr

39、ofession”. These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail，is reshaping Donovans vocation as well.The latest revolution isnt simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemens e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decade

40、s. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data ab

41、out Burundi. The winner, by a large margin，was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Tex

42、as. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www. S.Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of

43、 mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution，a spymasters dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, well suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukra

44、ine，” says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And well hear back from some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from back. Thats where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. S

45、everal of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firms outsider status as the key to its success- Straitfords briefs dont sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might, be wrong. Straitford, say

46、s Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.1. The emergence of the Net has（ ）.2. Donovans story is mentioned in the text to（ ）.3. The phrase “making the biggest splash” most probably means（ ）.4. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that（ ）.5. Straitford is most proud of its（ ）.问题1选项A.received su

47、pport from fans like DonovanB.remolded the intelligence servicesC.restored many common pastimesD.revived spying as a profession问题2选项A.introduce the topic of online spyingB.show how he fought for the USC.give an episode of the information warD.honor his unique services to the CIA问题3选项A.causing the bi

48、ggest troubleB.exerting the greatest effortC.achieving the greatest successD.enjoying the widest popularity问题4选项A.Straitfords prediction about Ukraine has proved trueB.Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its informationC.Straitfords s business is characterized by unpredictabilityD.Straitford i

49、s able to provide fairly reliable information问题5选项A.official statusB.nonconformist imageC.efficient staffD.military background【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：网络的出现_。根据题干定位到第一段最后一句话These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail，is res

50、haping Donovans vocation as well.（如今，网络已经改变了购书和寄信等日常娱乐活动的消遣方式，也正在改变多诺万从事的职业。），根据前文语境，多诺万的职业就是间谍工作。那么就是说网络的出现改变了间谍活动，B选项“重塑了情报服务系统”，符合题意。网络改变了普通的消遣方式，所以C选项“恢复了许多普通的消遣方式”不正确，A选项“得到了多诺万等粉丝的支持”和D选项“重新把间谍作为一种职业”并没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。2.推理判断题。题干：多诺万的故事在书中提到为了_。因为该题是例证题，开头提到例子，应该去例子之后找论点句。定位到第一段最后一句话These

51、days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovans vocation as well.（如今，网络已经改变了购书和寄信等日常娱乐活动的消遣方式，也正在改变多诺万从事的职业。），而多万诺之前的职业是间谍工作，所以多诺万的故事就是为了引出下文的网络时代的谍报产业，A选项“介绍网络间谍的话题”，符合题意。文章只在第一段提到多万诺，其余部分都在讨论互联网时代情报工作的巨大变化，所以B选项“展示他如何为美国而战”，C选项

52、“讲一讲信息战的故事”和D选项“表彰他对中央情报局的独特贡献”，均不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。3.推理判断题。题干：短语“making The biggest splash”的意思大概是_。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一句话Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas.（新世界_ 的公司之一是Straitford, Inc.，一家总部设在德克萨斯

53、州奥斯汀的私人情报分析公司。）第二段最后一句介绍了CIA举办的竞赛，并提到其中最大赢家的明显优势在于其对电子领域的掌握。第三段第一句提到Straitford公司的例子，并用“making the biggest splash”描述该公司目前的经营状况。随后两段从不同的方面介绍了公司。第五段最后一句提到Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.（Straitford公司以发表自己的独立意见为荣）由此可见，Straitford公司是进行公开来源的间谍活动比较成功的一个例子。“make the biggest sp

54、lash”最引人注目，引起最大的轰动，亦即取得最大的成功。所以C选项“取得了最大的成功”符合题意。A选项“造成了最大的麻烦”，和文章表达的意思相反，B选项“尽最大的努力”和D选项“最受欢迎”，在文中并未提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。4.推理判断题。题干：从第4段，我们可以学到_。从第4段，我们得知Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from back. Thats where Straitford earns its

55、keep.（开放来源的情报是有风险的，因为很难区分信息的好坏，而Straitford公司就是靠这个谋生的。），说明该公司可以帮助人们辨别信息。所以D选项“Straitford公司能够提供相当可靠的信息”，符合题意。A选项“事实证明，Straitford公司关于乌克兰的预测是正确的”，文章并没有提及该公司关于乌克兰的推测是否正确，A选项排除。B选项“Straitford公司保证其信息的真实性”，该公司可以帮助人们辨别信息的好坏，但是真实性并未提及，B选项排除。C选项“Straitford公司的业务具有不可预测性”，文章是说开放来源的情报有风险，不可预测，并不是说该公司的业务不可预测，所以C选项也

56、不正确。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。5.事实细节题。Straitford公司最引以为豪的是_。根据题干定位到文章最后一句话Straitfords briefs dont sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might, be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.（Straitford公司的情报

57、不像通常的华盛顿来回推诿，即公司避免引人注目的声明，因为它们可能是错误的。弗里德曼说，Straitford公司以其独立的声音为荣。），显然他们为观点与华盛顿的不一致而骄傲。所以本题选B选项“不墨守成规的形象”符合题意。13. 单选题After（ ）seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel managers office.问题1选项A.thatB.itC.whatD.there【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。介词after后面接的是宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少主语，用what引导宾语从句，并做从句的主语。句意：在无

58、尽的等待后，轮到她进入人事部经理的办公室了。因此本题的正确答案是C选项。14. 单选题Relying on his（ ）, the doctor cured the seemingly incurable patient.问题1选项A.approachB.faithC.expertiseD.confidence【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项approach“方法，方式”；B选项faith“信仰，信念”；C选项expertise“专业知识，专门技术”；D选项confidence“自信，信任”，句意：医生依靠他的专业知识治好了这个看似无法治愈的病人。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。1

59、5. 单选题The judge ruled that the evidence was inadmissible on the grounds that it was（ ）to the issue at hand.问题1选项A.irrationalB.unreasonableC.invalidD.irrelevant【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项irrational“不合理的，无理性的”；B选项unreasonable “不合理的，不切实际的”；C选项invalid“无效的，有病的”；D选项irrelevant“不相干的，不切题的”。句意：法官裁定该证据不可采信，因为它与手头的问题无

60、关。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。16. 单选题（ ）is one of the most useful and fascinating divisions of human knowledge is widely accepted.问题1选项A.That mathematicsB.What mathematicsC.Where mathematicsD.Mathematics【答案】A【解析】考查主语从句。_ is one of the most useful and fascinating divisions of human knowledge 充当主句的主语，选项中的mathe

61、matics是主语从句的主语。所以前面的主语从句完整不缺成分，只有that引导主语从句，在主语从句中不做成分，且不能省略。句意：数学是人类知识中最有用、最迷人的部分之一，这一点已被广泛接受。所以本题的正确答案是A选项。17. 单选题The winter vacation（ ）over, he got down to his work again.问题1选项A.beingB.wasC.wereD.had been【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句子用逗号连接，且在本句中没有任何连词。因此，这里不可能是两个完整的句子，而只能一个是句子主干，另一个是非谓语结构作状语，因此排除B、C、D选项。“th

62、e winter vacation being over”是一独立分词结构，用来做状语，表示时间，例如：Nobody haying any more to say, the meeting was closed.（大家都没有什么可说的了，会议就结束了。）。句意：寒假结束后，他又开始认真工作了。因此，本题的正确答案是A选项。18. 单选题It was really（ ）of you to remember my birthday.问题1选项A.gratefulB.considerateC.considerableD.generous【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项grateful“感谢的，令人愉快的”；B选项considerate“体贴的，考虑周到的”，例句：Ive always understood one should try and be considerate of other people.（我一直认为一个人应该尽量为他人着想。）；C选项considerable“相当大的，重要的，值得考虑的”，例句：He brought to the job not just considerable expe