2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷37

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1、2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题（ ） I realized that I had left my briefcase in the taxi!问题1选项A.At all timeB.Time after timeC.All of a suddenD.Once for all【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。at all time“总是，随时，常常”；time after time“不断地，反复”；all of a sudden“突然地，出乎意料地”；once for all“彻底地，一劳永逸地”。句意：突然我意识到我把公文包落在出租车上了。C

2、项符合句意。2. 单选题The Japanese personnel manager had to（ ）keeping a chemist on the payroll even though the company no longer needed his expertise.问题1选项A.modifyB.justifyC.sustainD.launch【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。modify“修改，修饰”；justify“证明是正当的”；sustain“维持，支撑”；launch“发起，发动”；句意：尽管不再需要化学家的专业才能，这位日本人事经理仍然把他留下。even though表明

3、前后句为让步关系，由后半句“尽管不再需要该化学家的专业才能”可推知前半句“仍然将其留下”符合句意。故C项正确。3. 单选题The success or failure of a case often hinges on an organizing principle known as a case theme. For example, the case theme in the trial of Erick and Lyle Menendez, two brothers accused of murdering their parents, was “the abuse excuse”; T

4、he brothers should be excuse because they had been severely abused. A primary case theme of the O.J.Simpson defense was “the police messed up and planted evidence.”Themes are simple, brief （one sentence!） statements that capture the essence of your argument. You control the lens through which the fa

5、cts will be viewed. For a trial lawyer, this is absolutely critical. If the lawyer fails to establish a case theme, he or she gives opposing counsel the advantage. Or even worse, the listeners, or those you are trying to persuade, will adopt the theme suggested to them by your adversary. Whoever con

6、trols the definition of the case is inevitably the one with the power.Just as a theme gives the listeners a generalizing principle around which information can be organized, so too does it give you one. The great trial lawyers emphasize the need for an overall strategy as well as day-to-day tactics.

7、 A case theme embodies a lawyers overall strategy in a nutshell and helps her organize the case so that she always stays on target use a theme to help you stay well and easily focused on the overall thrust of your presentation.A good case theme also greatly enhances your credibility. （41） When you e

8、stablish a succinct, easy-to-remember, you let people know-well-defined and thought our point of view. Such specificity adds to your perceived competence and trustworthiness. Remember: successful trial lawyers are never wishy-washy.1. The case involving two brother killers demonstrates that（ ）.2. Th

9、e message of this passage is that（ ）.3. A good case theme can prevent（ ）.4. An additional merit of a good case theme is that you may（ ）.5. The last word “wishy-washy” is closest in meaning to（ ）.问题1选项A.even murders may be excused sometimesB.a well-defined argument can win a difficult caseC.child abu

10、sers should be duly punishedD.upholding justice is the most important in court问题2选项A.good lawyers are of critical importance in a lawsuitB.legal procedures sometimes may run out of controlC.murder cases can be manipulated as people wishD.a well-defined focusing point is a key to win a case问题3选项A.the

11、 trial lawyer from losing his or her target in defenseB.the opposing side from forming their case themeC.audience from being easily persuadedD.those who have power from controlling the trial问题4选项A.get more informationB.control the opposing sideC.prove your competenceD.trust the jury and the judge问题5

12、选项A.indecisiveB.imaginativeC.inadequateD.illogical【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段 “The success or failure of a case often hinges on an organizing principle known as a case theme. For example, the case theme in the trial of Erick and Lyle Menendez, two brothers accused of murdering thei

13、r parents, was “the abuse excuse”; The brothers should be excuse because they had been severely abused. 案例的成功或失败往往取决于一个被称为案例主题的组织原则。例如，Erick和Lyle Menendez两兄弟被控谋杀他们的父母，他们的审判主题是“为虐待申辩”;兄弟俩应该得到原谅，因为他们受到了严重的虐待。”该案例中两兄弟杀害父母却得到了原谅，原因是他们被父母严重虐待，由此可知公平在法庭中起非常重要的作用。故D项正确。ABC三项均不能说明该案件体现的道理。2.主旨大意题。第一段开头就提到了T

14、he success or failure of a case often hinges on an organizing principle known as a case theme. 案例的成功或失败往往取决于一个被称为案例主题的组织原则。接下来的段落都是围绕case theme展开论述。全文主要讲述了一个好的案例主题（焦点）是赢得官司的关键。故D项正确。3.判断推理题。由第三段The great trial lawyers emphasize the need for an overall strategy as well as day-to-day tactics. A case t

15、heme embodies a lawyers overall strategy in a nutshell and helps her organize the case so that she always stays on target use a theme to help you stay well and easily focused on the overall thrust of your presentation. 伟大的辩护律师强调整体战略和日常战术的必要性。案例主题概括地体现了律师的总体策略，并帮助她组织案例，使她始终紧扣主题，帮助你保持良好的状态，轻松地聚焦于陈述的总体

16、主旨。可知好的案例主题能使辩护律师在辩护时始终聚焦于主题，不会走偏。故A项正确。4.判断推理题。由第二段If the lawyer fails to establish a case theme, he or she gives opposing counsel the advantage. Or even worse, the listeners, or those you are trying to persuade, will adopt the theme suggested to them by your adversary. 如果律师未能确立案件主题，他或她就会给予对方律师优势。更

17、糟糕的是，听众或你试图说服的人会采用你的对手建议的主题。由此可知一个好的案件主题能控制反方。5.词义题。When you establish a succinct, easy-to-remember, you let people know-well-defined and thought -our point of view. Such specificity adds to your perceived competence and trustworthiness. Remember: successful trial lawyers are never wishy-washy. 当你建立

18、一个简洁的，易于记忆的案件主题时，你让人们明确地知道我们的观点。这种专一性会增加你的能力和可信度。记住:成功的辩护律师从不优柔寡断。indecisive犹豫不决的；imaginative富于想象力的，具有创造力的；inadequate不充足的；illogical不合逻辑的，不合理的。既然是成功的辩护律师的特点，那应该用褒义词，故先排除CD两项。B项“富有想象力的”不是律师的特点，相反律师是依据事实说话。故A项正确。4. 单选题People who visit my office at Chrysler are often surprised that I dont have a compute

19、r terminal on my desk. Maybe they forget that everything that comes out of a（1）, somebody has to put in. The biggest（2）facing American business today is that most managers have too（3）information. It dazzles them, and they dont know what to do（4）it all.The key（5）success is not information. Its（6）. An

20、d the kind of people I（7）for to fill top management spots are the eager beavers. These are the guys who try to do（8）than they arc expected（9）. Theyre always reaching. And reaching out to the people they work（10）trying to help them（11）their jobs better. Thats the（12）they are built.Then there are the

21、other guys, the nine-to-five gang. They just want to get along and be told（13）to do. They say: “1 dont want to be（14）the rat race. It might（15）my heartbeat.”Just because you（16）involved and excited and really tear into things doesnt mean youll（17）of hypertension next week!So I try to look for people

22、（18）that drive. You dont need（19）. With twenty-five of these guys, I could （20）the government of the United States.问题1选项A.televisionB.telephoneC.computerD.cell phone问题2选项A.problemB.matterC.accidentD.incident问题3选项A.manyB.fewC.littleD.much问题4选项A.aboutB.withC.ofD.for问题5选项A.ofB.toC.forD.with问题6选项A.mysel

23、fB.peopleC.themselvesD.itself问题7选项A.lookB.likeC.hopeD.wait问题8选项A.manyB.muchC.moreD.less问题9选项A.forB.aboutC.ofD.to问题10选项A.withB.forC.toD.near问题11选项A.didB.haveC.doD.had问题12选项A.transactionB.relationshipC.businessD.way问题13选项A.whatB.howC.nextD.it问题14选项A.ofB.forC.inD.into问题15选项A.makeB.affectC.letD.cause问题1

24、6选项A.haveB.hadC.gotD.get问题17选项A.catchB.infectC.fallD.die问题18选项A.withB.withoutC.insideD.outside问题19选项A.themB.himC.manyD.much问题20选项A.driveB.runC.walkD.fight【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B第6题:B第7题:A第8题:C第9题:D第10题:A第11题:C第12题:D第13题:A第14题:C第15题:B第16题:D第17题:D第18题:A第19题:C第20题:B【解析】1.考查名词辨析。television“电视”; te

25、lephone“电话”；computer“ 电脑”；cell phone“手机”。由上文提示“I hadnt have a computer terminal on my desk可知C项正确。2.考查名词辨析。problem“难题”；matter“事情：问题”；accident“事故”；incident“事件”。由 “It dazzles them 它（即信息）让 他们眼花缭乱”可知此空表明美国商业如今遇到的难题，故A项正确。3.考查形容词辨析。由下文的“It dazzles them”“信息使他们眼花缭乱”可知信息应该是非常多，information为不可数名词，故选择much修饰，故D项

26、正确。4.考查固定搭配。do with 处理；句意：这些信息使他们眼花缭乱，他们不知道如何处理。5.考查固定搭配。key to“的关键”。6.考查逻辑关系。由下文的“And the kind of people I可知，成功的关键不在信息，而在于人，故B项正确。7.考查固定搭配。look for“寻找”；hope for“希望，期待”；wait for“等待”。由下文 “to fill top management spots are the eager beavers填补高层管理职位”知这里应该是寻找这类人才，故A项正确。8.考查形容词辨析。many修饰可数名词；much修饰不可数名词；mo

27、re和less用于比较级。由上文“eager beavers工作勤奋认真的人”可知，他们应该做比预期更多的事情，故C项正确。9.考查介词辨析。expect to do sth，期待做某事。10. 考查介词辨析。根据空前的“the people they.”知，应该是和他们一起 工作的人，即work with，故A项正确。11.考查固定搭配。help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”。12.考查名词辨析。transaction“交易”；relationship“关系”;business“生意”；way“方式”。上文讲述的是这些人工作的方式，故D项正确。13.考查引导词。由上文的“the

28、nine-to-five gang按时上下班的一些人和get along 混日子”可推知这些人应该是别人说什么就做什么。what表内容，故A项正确。14.考查介词辨析。 in the rat race在激烈的竞争里 15.考查动词辨析。make“制作;使得”；affect“影响”；let“让”; cause“造成”。 根据上文“我不想处于这场激烈竞争中”可推知激烈竞争会影响我的心跳。故B项正确。 16.考查时态。本文全篇都用的一般现在时，get involved投入工作中。故D项正确。17.考查固定搭配。die of“死于. ，句意：并不意味着你下周会死于高血压。18.考查介词辨析。根据上文的

29、描述知，作者寻找的是拥有那种干劲的人，故A项正确。19.考查逻辑关系。由下文“With twenty-five of these guys可知这里指代“你不需要那么多（人）”，故C项正确。20.考查动词辨析。drive“开车”；run“管理；经营; 运行”；walk“走”; fight “斗争；反对”。此句句意应为25个人就能使美国政府运行。5. 单选题Americans may have to（ ） the number of privately owned cars and depend more on public transportation systems.问题1选项A.break

30、downB.out downC.get downD.drop down【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。break down“发生故障，毁掉”；get down“吞下，使沮丧”；drop down“落下，顺着往下移动”。句意：美国人可能不得不降低私家车的数量。转而依赖公共交通系统。只有D项符合，强调私家车数量的下降。6. 单选题31. Money-laundering （洗钱）has been one of the worlds fastest-growing industries over decade despite increasing efforts by the worlds fina

31、ncial authorities to stamp it out. Following is a simple guide to the world of money-laundering.Money-laundering is the process by which money obtained by illegal means is given the appearance of legitimate income and returned into circulation. The word and practice are widely believed to have been

32、invented by the US Mafia （黑手党）. As a means of mixing the dirty cash obtained from prostitution, gambling, gun-running, blackmail and its other wicked activities, so that it came out more or less clean, the Mafia bought up and operated large numbers of Laundromats （自助洗衣店）. As good cash businesses the

33、y were a good means of providing the appearance of honest cash flow.Various techniques can be employed and the means of money-laundering, but they essentially boil down to three stages. Step one: moving the money from the scene of the crime A to a remote location B ideally in another country，prefera

34、bly a bank account, if possible one that is anonymous. Step two: disguising the trail leading from A to B. Step three: making the cash available to the criminals, along with a plausible explanation of how ti came legally into their possession.Apart from harming the economies that it feeds off, the m

35、oney-laundering industry is essential to organized crime. As the head of the UNs crime-fighting wing Pino Arlacchi remarked, organized crime “brutalizes society and diminishes respect for the value like honesty and cooperation upon which successful societies are based. Or as a senior US official sai

36、d in 1999, “money-laundering may look like a polite form of white-collar crime, but it is the companion of brutality, deceit and corruption.The liberalization of markets around the world and deregulation（解除管制）of exchange controls are regarded as the chief causes of the rapid expansion of money-laund

37、ering over the past decade. Together they have opened up many more channels for laundering dirty money and provided more opportunities to hide its origins. UN officials believe the most important single measure in eliminating money-laundering is the ending of bank secrecy.1. We know from the passage

38、 that money-laundering（ ）.2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “stamp it out” （para. 1） in the first paragraph?3. The reason why the Mafia bought up and ran substantial Laundromats is that（ ）.4. In money-laundering, money would be moved from the scene of the crime to（ ）.5. W

39、ith the worldwide liberalization of markets, money-laundering has expanded rapidly by（ ）.问题1选项A.has almost been stamped out by the worlds financial authoritiesB.has greatly promoted the development of the worlds industriesC.only has a ten-year history but has grown rapidlyD.has expanded rapidly over

40、 the past decade问题2选项A.To put an end to it completely.B.To mark a sign by pressing on it.C.To announce it illegal.D.To do harm to it.问题3选项A.the Mafia can carry out large numbers of illegal transactions in them.B.the Mafia has many wicked activities like prostitution and gambling in them.C.the Laundr

41、omats can give the dirty cash the appearance of legitimate income.D.the Laundromats is such a profit-making industry that it has attracted the Mafia.问题4选项A.the financial authoritiesB.the circulation fieldsC.Laundromats operated by the MafiaD.anonymous bank account in another country问题5选项A.deregulati

42、ng the exchange controlsB.buying and operating more LaundromatsC.having more channels to launder dirty moneyD.tightening the bank secrecy rules【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“Money-laundering (洗钱)has been one of the worlds fastest-growing industries over decade despite increasing effor

43、ts by the worlds financial authorities to stamp it out. Following is a simple guide to the world of money-laundering. 尽管国际金融机构加大了打击洗钱活动的力度，但洗钱活动在过去10年里一直是全球发展最快的行业之一。以下是对洗钱世界的简单介绍。可知D项“洗钱活动在过去十年发展很快”正确。AB两项明显错误，C项“洗钱只有十年历史但是增长很快”与原文内容不符，洗钱并不只有10年历史。2.词义题。由Money-laundering (洗钱)has been one of the wor

44、lds fastest-growing industries over decade despite increasing efforts by the worlds financial authorities to stamp it out.中的despite表示让步关系可知，尽管采取了一些措施来（ ）洗钱活动，但是洗钱仍然成为增长最快的行业之一。由前后逻辑可推断出stamp it out是消灭，打击的意思。故A项正确。3.推理判断题。由第二段“As a means of mixing the dirty cash obtained from prostitution, gambling,

45、gun-running, blackmail and its other wicked activities, so that it came out more or less clean, the Mafia bought up and operated large numbers of Laundromats (自助洗衣店). As good cash businesses， they were a good means of providing the appearance of honest cash flow.为了使从卖淫，赌博，贩卖枪支，敲诈和其他非法活动所得的混合收入看起来是干净

46、的，黑手党经营了很多自助洗衣店，将其他非法收入混入洗衣店的收入，使赃款看上去是合法的。故C项“自助洗衣店给脏钱披上合法收入的外衣”正确。4.细节事实题。由第三段“Step one: moving the money from the scene of the crime A to a remote location B ideally in another country，preferably a bank account, if possible one that is anonymous. 第一步:把钱从犯罪现场A转移到一个偏远的地点B，当然理想的地点是在另一个国家，存入一个银行账户，如果

47、是一个匿名账户那就更好了。”可知赃款从犯罪现场最终被转移到另一个国家的银行账户。故D项正确。5.细节事实题。由最后一段“The liberalization of markets around the world and deregulation(解除管制)of exchange controls are regarded as the chief causes of the rapid expansion of money-laundering over the past decade. 全球市场的自由化和对外汇解除管制被视为过去十年里洗钱快速扩张的主要原因。可知A项“解除外汇管制”正确。B

48、项“购买和经营更多的自助洗衣店”不是原因；C项“有更多的渠道来洗黑钱”是解除外汇管制的结果，而非原因。D项是反洗钱措施。7. 单选题As is known to all, the rail service now operates without a sum of money granted by the government for assistance.问题1选项A.bonusB.yieldC.pensionD.subsidy【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。bonus奖金；yield 收益：pension养老金；subsidy补贴，津贴，补助金。句意：众所周知，铁路服务并没有获得政府提供的

49、一笔援助金。故D项正确。8. 单选题Try some of this cake, which I（ ） especially for you.问题1选项A.boiledB.bakedC.burnedD.roasted【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。boil“煮沸”；bake“烤，烘焙”；burn“燃烧，烧毁”；roast“烤”。句意：吃一点这种蛋糕吧，这是我特意为你烘焙的。烤蛋糕用bake,故B项正确。9. 单选题Does he have the right work experience and skills? （ ）, can he do the job?问题1选项A.In another

50、 wayB.In other waysC.In another wordD.In other words【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。in another way另一方面；in other ways 在其他方面；in in other words 换句话说。in anther word没有这个搭配。空格前后句子意思相似，故D项正确。句意：他有相关的工作经验和技能吗？换言之，他能做这个工作吗？10. 单选题For millions of years before the appearance of the electric light, shift work, all-night cable

51、TV and the Internet, earths creatures evolved in a planet with predictable and reassuring 24-hour rhythms. Our biological clocks are set for this daily cycle. Simply, our bodies want to sleep at night and be awake during the day. Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hours of sl

52、eep a night to function properly throughout their lives. （Contrary to popular belief humans dont need less sleep as they age.）But on average, Americans sleep only about seven and a half hours per night, a marked drop from the nine hours they averaged in 1910. Whats worse, nearly one third of all Ame

53、ricans get less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night. For most people, thats not nearly enough.32. Finding ways to get more and better sleep can be a challenge. Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders. Some sleeping disorders are genetic. But many problems are ca

54、used by stayiny up late and by traveling frequentlv between time zones or by working nights. Dr. James F. Jones at National Jewish Medical and Research Center in Denver says that sleep disorders are often diagnosed as other discomforts. About one third of the patients referred to him with possible c

55、hronic fatigue syndrome actually have treatable sleep disorders. Before we do anything else, we look at their sleep.” John says.Sleep experts say that most people would benefit from a good look at their sleep patterns. “My motto （座右铭）is Sleep defensively, says Mary Carskadon of Brown University. She

56、 says people need to carve out sufficient time to sleep, even if it means giving up other things. Sleep routineslike going to bed and getting up at the same time every day are important. Pre- bedtime activities also make a difference. As with Eisner, who used to suffer from sleeplessness, a few life

57、style changesavoiding stimulants and late meals, exercising hours before bedtime, relaxing with a hot bath-yield better sleep.1. What is TRUE of human sleep?2. For our bodies to function properly, we should（ ）.3. According to the author, many sleeping disorders are caused by（ ）.4. Which of the follo

58、wing measures can help you sleep better?5. “Sleep defensively” means that（ ）.问题1选项A.On average, people in the U.S. today sleep less per night than they used to.B.For most people, less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night is enough.C.Most people need less sleep when they grow older.D.Most

59、people need seven and a half hours of sleep every night.问题2选项A.adjust our activities to the new inventionsB.be able to predict the rhythms of our biological clocksC.sleep for at least eight hours per nightD.believe that we need less sleep as we age问题3选项A.improper sleep patternsB.chronic fatigue synd

60、romeC.other diseasesD.pre-bedtime exercises问题4选项A.Having late meals.B.Traveling between time zones.C.Staying up late.D.Taking a hot bath.问题5选项A.people should sacrifice other things to getting enough sleep if necessaryB.people should give up going up to bed and getting up at the same time every dayC.

61、people should go to a doctor and have their problems diagnosedD.people should exercise immediately before going to bed every night【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。由第二段But on average, Americans sleep only about seven and a half hours per night, a marked drop from the nine hours they averaged in 1910. Whats worse, nearly one third of all Americans get less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night. For most people, thats not nearly enough. 但美国人平均每晚只睡7.5个小时，与1910年的平均9个小时相比有显著下降。更糟糕的是，近三分之一的美国人每晚的正常工作时间不足6小时。对大多数人来说，这还远远不够。可知A项“平均而言，现在美国人每晚的睡眠时间比过去少。”正确；B项“对于大多数人来说，工作的晚上，睡眠时间少于6小时就