2022年考博英语-南京大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷17

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1、2022年考博英语-南京大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Please do not be（ ）by his offensive remarks since he is merely trying to attract attention.问题1选项A.distractedB.disregardedC.irritatedD.intervened【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。distract “使心烦意乱”；disregard “忽视，不尊重”；irritate “刺激，激怒”；intervene “干涉，调停”。句意：请不要被他无礼的评论所激怒，因为他只是想引起注意。选

2、项C符合题意。2. 单选题The（ ）of computer technology has led to major changes in our social and family life.问题1选项A.fraudulenceB.arrivalC.dawnD.advent【答案】D【解析】名词词义解析。fraudulence “欺诈性”；arrival “到达”；dawn “黎明，开端”；advent “到来，出现”。句意：计算机技术的到来对我们的社会和家庭生活带来了主要的影响。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题The manager promised to pay them well and

3、in return he would expect their loyalty and （ ）.问题1选项A.executionB.commitmentC.enduranceD.persistence【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。Execution“实行，执行”；commitment“承诺，承担义务”；endurance“忍耐，持久性”。句意：这位经理承诺给他们高报酬，并且作为回报，他能够得到他们的忠诚对待和义务的承担。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题Old beliefs die hard; even when jobs became（ ）, the long-standing fear th

4、at unemployment could return at a moments notice persisted.问题1选项A.preciousB.pervasiveC.plentifulD.persuasive【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。Precious“宝贵的，珍贵的”；pervasive“无处不在的，普遍的”；plentiful“富足的，大量的”；persuasive“有说服力的”。句意：旧观念难改。即使就业机会充足时，人们还是长期害怕失业会来临。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题He implied that the President had lied and （ ）obstru

5、cted justice.问题1选项A.nonethelessB.howeverC.therebyD.likewise【答案】C【解析】连词辨析，考查语句之间联系的把握。nonetheless “尽管如此”;however “然而”;thereby “因此”;likewise “同样地”。句意：他暗示道：总统说谎了，并且因此使事情变得不公正。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied（ ） in the area on the night of the fire.问题1选项

6、A.to beB.to have beenC.having beenD.be【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。Deny doing sth. “否认做过某事”。句意：警察指控他在大厦纵火，但是他否认他在场当火灾发生时。选项C符合题意。7. 单选题They are no longer on speaking terms because she（ ）his confidence.问题1选项A.exposedB.destroyedC.provedD.betrayed【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。expose“揭露，曝光”;destroy“毁灭，破坏”;prove“证明，检验，显示”;betray“背叛，

7、出卖”。句意：他们不再和睦相处了，因为她背叛了他的信任。选项D符合题意。8. 单选题A lie is as much a lie, when it is whispered or when it is（ ）at the market cross.问题1选项A.proclaimedB.reclaimedC.acclaimedD.claimed【答案】A【解析】形近词词义解析。proclaim “声明”；reclaim“指收回或利用废物”；acclaim “喝彩”；claim “声称”。句意：谎言就是谎言，不管是小声说的，还是在街上大声宣扬的。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题The report cr

8、iticized the legislature for making college attendance dependent on the ability to pay, charging that，as a result，hundreds of qualified young people would be （ ） further education.问题1选项A.entitled toB.striving forC.deprived ofD.participating in【答案】C【解析】动词词组辨析。entitle to“有权享有，使有资格“;strive for “奋斗”;dep

9、rive of“剥夺”; participate in“参与”。句意：这份报告批判了以大学生支付能力决定入学率的立法，结果，数以百计的符合资格的年轻人失去了继续接受教育的机会。选项C符合题意。10. 单选题The teacher wanted to make the students realize that reading good literature is a good way to broaden their（ ）.问题1选项A.visionB.horizonC.scopeD.expansion【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。vision “幻觉” ;horizon “眼界，地平线”

10、;scope “范围” ;expansion “扩充”。句意：这位老师想让学生们意识到读一些好的文学作品是开阔视野的一个好的方法。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题If you （ ） the principle of democratic government to your family you will run into some obvious difficulties.问题1选项A.carryB.trackC.manipulateD.adapt【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。Carry“拿，搬运”；track“跟踪，追踪”；manipulate“操纵，控制”；adapt“使适应”。句意：

11、如果你使民主政府的原则适用于家庭中，那你会遇到各种明显的困难。选项D符合题意。12. 单选题The music aroused an（ ） feeling of homesickness in him.问题1选项A.intentionalB.intermittentC.intenseD.intrinsic【答案】C【解析】考查形近异义词义辨析。intentional “故意的”；intermittent“间歇的，断断续续的”；intense “强烈的”；intrinsic “本质的，固有的”。句意：这首音乐使他产生了强烈的思乡情怀。选项C符合题意。13. 单选题Teenage children

12、 began to assert their independence and this can lead to good deal of （ ） in the family.问题1选项A.controversyB.frictionC.restrictionD.contradiction【答案】B【解析】名词词义解析。controversy “辩论”；friction “摩擦”；restriction “，约束”； contradiction “矛盾，不一致”。句意：青少年开始宣称他们的独立，这样会在家庭中带来大量的摩擦。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题Many people dread goi

13、ng on foreign assignments 一 sometimes even before theyve gone on one. They hear stories about how exhausting and disorienting business travel can be. They worry about getting sick, getting lonely, or getting killed. Theyre afraid they wont be liked or that they wont succeed. But the fact is that for

14、 many people a foreign assignment can be the opportunity and thrill of a lifetime.The Wall Street Journal reports the story of John Aliberti, who had spent his career working to become a midlevel manager for Union Switch in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Aliberti seemed like an odd choice for an overseas

15、 assignment: He had no experience in international travel and business. But when he was chosen to represent the company as technical expert and representative in China, Aliberti responded with enthusiasm: “Back home, the work we do, its been done for decades. In China youre breaking new ground. Its

16、a milestone in the history of the world. ”By viewing his China assignment as an exciting adventure, Aliberti largely bypassed the negative effects of culture shock. According to the Wall Street Journal, “The crowds and chaotic lines dont faze him. He becomes animated telling stories of long train tr

17、ips to out-of-the-way cities like Nanchang, where Union Switch is helping to build a railroad yard.”Alibertis enthusiastic attitude and his active interest in learning about the culture and business practices in China have helped him become a central figure in his companys China operations. His job

18、in Pittsburgh is two rungs below vice president. In China, according to his boss, “He acts like a president or CEO. Thats got to turn him on. ”1.John Aliberti seemed Hke an odd choice for overseas assignment because（ ）.2.“Aliberti largely bypassed the negative effects of culture shock.” “Bypass”（Par

19、a. 3） means3.The following statements are correct about John Aliberti except（ ）.4.The story of John Aliberti tells us that （ ）.问题1选项A.he is the most experienced member of the companyB.he has been to China many timesC.has been promoted to the top-level position of the companyD.he has little experienc

20、e in traveling abroad问题2选项A.ignoreB.pass awayC.avoidD.shortcut问题3选项A.he is good at selling his experience of traveling in ChinaB.he is troubled by the crowds and confused transportation in ChinaC.he is excited about traveling around ChinaD.he is breaking new ground for his company问题4选项A.culture shoc

21、k is easy to deal withB.many people dread going on businessC.the transportation of China is confused to foreignersD.you can deal with culture shock well with an active interest in learning about the culture【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句。选项D符合题意。2.词汇推断题。根据第三段第一句，句意：阿利伯蒂把他在中国的任务看作是一次激动

22、人心的冒险，在很大程度上避开了文化冲击的负面影响。选项C符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第二段最后一句，他想在中国开拓一个新的领域，这是一个里程碑。但是B选项提及了他的负面情绪，与文章不符。选项B符合题意。4.推断题。文章主要是选取了Aliberti 的例子说明了在国外工作和生活也是有趣的，应该积极地去享受。所以鼓励大家去感受这样的文化冲击。选项D符合题意。15. 单选题Take this bit of seemingly （ ） advice: In order to write quickly, you must first think slowly.问题1选项A.paradoxicalB.

23、contradictC.parallelD.disordering【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。paradoxical “矛盾的”符合句意。contradict为动词“与矛盾”；parallel “平行的”；disordering “无序的”。句意：采纳这条有点矛盾的建议：为了写作快一点，思考必须慢一点。选项A符合题意。16. 翻译题这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥

24、有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。【答案】Although this current visit to Taiwan for exchange was very cursory, we saw many places, visit old friends and make some new friends. The most important topic we talked about was how to build a prosperous China in the 21s when we got together. Teenagers living in our mainland and T

25、aiwan have their own various life experience because of the different social environments, but the marks of our splendid traditions of Chinese culture are engraved in their innermost hearts. We all hold the common ideal of revitalizing the Chinese nation.17. 单选题Without exposure to the cultural, inte

26、llectual, and moral traditions that are our heritage, we are excluded from a common world that （1 ） generations. On the one hand, such exclusion tends to（2 ）us to recreate everything, a needless and largely impossible task; On the other hand, it tends to make us（3）, to suggest that we are indeed the

27、 creators of the world and of all good ideas （4） in fact we are only a fragment of the history of man. （5）entirely to ourselves, we could make only the slimmest contributions to wisdom.While the humanities overlap the fine and liberal arts, they are also related of necessity to the sciences and to t

28、echnology. Some of the （6）of the humanities raise questions about what ends are worthy to be（7）, what ideals deserve （8）But since it is futile to know what is worth doing without having any idea of how to get things done, effective study in the humanities requires respect for and attainment of factu

29、al knowledge and technological skill. （9）, it is pointless to know how to get things done without having any idea what is worth doing, so that informed study in applied science demands （10） in the humanities.问题1选项A.crossedB.passes downC.survivesD.exists问题2选项A.warnB.facilitateC.compelD.encourage问题3选项

30、A.arrogantB.exhaustedC.productiveD.reliable问题4选项A.sinceB.whenC.whereasD.which问题5选项A.ProvidedB.LeftC.ReservedD.Kept问题6选项A.arenasB.communitiesC.subjectsD.disciplines问题7选项A.followedB.investigatedC.servedD.abandoned问题8选项A.identificationB.maintenanceC.reverenceD.endeavor问题9选项A.SimilarlyB.ContrarilyC.Virt

31、uallyD.Literally问题10选项A.concentrationB.presuppositionC.revelationD.reflection【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D第6题:B第7题:A第8题:C第9题:B第10题:A【解析】（1）词义辨析。cross “穿过，交叉”；pass down “使流传”；survive “生存，幸存”；exist “存在”。根据文意，如果我们不接触到流传的文化和传统，我们将会排除在流传给下一代的大同世界之外。选项B符合题意。（2）动词词义辨析。warm “警告”；facilitate “促进，帮助”；compel “强

32、迫，迫使”；encourage “鼓励”。根据文意，这种排斥倾向于促使我们重塑所有，这是一项不必要并且不可能完成的任务。选项C符合题意。（3）形容词词义辨析。根据文意，另一方面会使我们感到自大，认为我们是世界的创造者，选项A符合题意。（4）逻辑推理。前一句说道我们是世界和优秀思想的创造者，后一句提到我们实际上只是历史中的一个小碎片。前后形成了对比和转折。选项C符合题意。（5）动词词义辨析。provide “提供，装备”；leave “留下”；reserve “保存”；keep “保留”。句意：如果完全只有我们自己的话，那我们对智慧的贡献是相当微薄的。所以用keep sth. to onesel

33、f 的结构，选项D符合题意。（6）名词词义辨析。arena “舞台，竞技场”；community“社区，共同体”；subject“主题，学科”；discipline“纪律”。句意：人文科学的一些社区团体提出了一些问题。选项B符合题意。（7）动词词义辨析。Followed“追逐，追求”；investigate“调查”；serve“招待”；abandon“丢弃，抛弃”。根据文意，这些社团提出的问题是，哪些目标是值得追随的。选项A符合题意。（8）名词词义辨析。identification“鉴定，识别”；maintenance“维持，维护”；reverence“崇敬，尊严”；endeavor“努力”。

34、根据文意，问题是什么样的理想值得人们去尊重。选项C符合题意。（9）逻辑推理。考查对上下文相关语句关系的把握，区分表示联系的副词。similarly“相似地”； contrarily“反之”；virtually“实际上”；literally “照字面地，不夸张地”。根据文意，确实地。前一句提到只知道什么事情是值得做的，但是不知道具体方法是无用的，空格后一句提到只知道如何把事情做好，而不知道什么事情是值得做的也是没意义的。所以前后两句是相反的。选项B符合题意。（10）名词词义辨析。concentration“专心，专注”；presupposition“假定，预设”；revelation“揭露”；r

35、eflection“反映，沉思”。句意：在对应用科学进行研究时，也需要对人文科学投以关注。选项A符合题意。18. 单选题Ill go to the airport tomorrow morning to （ ） a good friend who leaves for Australia.问题1选项A.see offB.send offC.turn offD.say departure【答案】A【解析】词组辨析。see off“送别，送行”；send off“发送，派遣”；turn off“关掉，拐弯”；say departure“说离开”。句意：明天早上我将去机场，跟我即将去往澳大利亚的朋友

36、送别。选项A符合题意。19. 单选题Until men invented ways of staying underwater for more than a few minutes, the wonders of the world below the surface of the sea were almost unknown. The main problem, of course, lies in air. How could air be supplied to swimmers below the surface of the sea? Pictures made about 2,

37、 900 years ago in Asia show men swimming under the surface with air bags tied to their bodies. A pipe from the bag carried air into the swimmers mouth. But little progress was achieved in the invention of diving devices until about 1490, when the famous Italian painter, Leonardo da Vinci, designed a

38、 complete diving suit.In 1680, an Italian professor invented a large air bag with a glass window to be worn over the divers head. To “clean” the air a breathing pipe went from the air bag, through another bag to remove moisture, and then again to the large air bag. The plan did not work, but it gave

39、 later inventors the idea of moving air around in diving devices.In 1819, a German, Augustus Siebe, developed a way of forcing air into the head-covering by a machine operated above the water. Finally, in 1837, he invented the “hard-hat suit” that was to be used for nearly a century. It had a metal

40、covering for the head and an air pipe attached to a machine above the water. It also had small openings to remove unwanted air. But there were two dangers to the diver inside the “hard-hat suit”. One was the sudden rise to the surface, caused by a too great supply of air. The other was the crushing

41、of the body, caused by a sudden diving into deep water. The sudden rise to the surface could kill the diver; a sudden dive could force his body up into the helmet, which could also result in death.Gradually the “hard-hat suit” was improved so that the diver could be given a constant supply of air. T

42、he diver could then move around under the ocean without worrying about the air supply.During the 1940s diving underwater without a special suit became popular. Instead, divers used a breathing device and a small covering made of rubber and glass over parts of the face. To improve the swimmer s speed

43、 another new invention was used： a piece of rubber shaped like a giant foot, which was attached to each of the divers own feet. The manufacture of rubber breathing pipes made it possible for divers to float on the surface of the water, observing the marine life underneath them. A special rubber suit

44、 enabled them to stay in cold water for long periods, collecting specimens of animal and vegetable life that had never been obtained in the past.The most important advance, however, was the invention of a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus, which is called a “scuba”.Invented by two French

45、men, Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnan, the scuba consists of a mouth-piece joined to one or two tanks of compressed air which are attached to the divers back.The scuba makes it possible for a diver-scientist to work 200 feet underwater or even deeper for several hours. As a result, scientists can n

46、ow move around freely at great depths, learning about the wonders of the sea.1.The main progress mentioned in this passage was （ ）.2.An invention of an Italian professor（ ） .3.Siebes invention was not a perfect one, because（ ） .4.The word “scuba” is（ ） .问题1选项A.an Italian professor invented a large a

47、ir bagB.men invented the best diving devicesC.an Italian painter designed a complete diving suitD.an air bag问题2选项A.worked out very wellB.can “clean” the airC.inspired later inventionsD.was used to remove moisture问题3选项A.too small a supply of air could result in a sudden rise to the surfaceB.a sudden

48、dive into deep water could cause the crushing of the bodyC.the air pipe attached to a machine could be above the surfaceD.both A and B问题4选项A.a certain divers nameB.an original English wordC.named by the inventorD.an acronym【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.信息推断题。根据文中的单词“invented, developed, improved” 以及

49、 “the most important advance” 可以知道，文章一直在阐述潜水装备的发展进程。选项B符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据“it gave later inventors the idea” 这一句得知选项C最符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段的第三句，“But there were two dangersOne wasThe other was,”选项B最符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“self-contained underwater breathing apparatus” ，可知scuda是首字母缩略词，选项D符合题意。20. 单选题Two hou

50、rs from the tall buildings of Manhattan and Philadelphia live some of the worlds largest black bears. They are in northern Pennsylvanias Pocono Mountains, a home they share with an abundance of other wildlife.The streams, lakes, meadows, mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal pla

51、ce for black bears have also attracted more people to the region. Open spaces are threatened by plans for housing estates and important habitats are endangered by highway construction. To protect the Poconos natural beauty from irresponsible development, the Nature Conservancy named the area one of

52、Americas “Last Great Places”.Operating out of a centuiy-old schoolhouse in the village of Long Pond, Pennsylvania, the conservancys Bud Cook is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth with environmental protection. By forging partnerships with people like Francis Al

53、temose, the Conservancy has been able to protect more than 14,000 acres of environmentally important land in the area.Altemoses family has farmed in the Pocono area for generations. Two years ago Francis worked with the Conservancy to include his farm in a county farmland protection program. As a re

54、sult, his familys land can be protected from development and the Altemoses will be better able to provide a secure financial future for their 7-year-old grandson.Cook attributes the Conservancys success in the Poconos to having a local presence and a commitment to working with local residents.“The k

55、ey to protecting these remarkable lands is connecting with the local community,” Cook said. “The people who live there respect the land. They value quiet forests, clear streams and abundant wildlife. They are eager to help with conservation effort. ”For more information on how you can help The Natur

56、e Conservancy protect the Poconos and the worlds other “Last Great Places”，please call 1-888-5646864. Or visit us on the World Wide Web at www. tnc. org1.The purpose in naming the Poconos as one of Americas “Last Great Places” is to（ ）.2.We learn from the passage that（ ）.3.What is important in prote

57、cting the Poconos according to Cook?4.What does Bud Cook mean by “having a local presence”(Line 1，Para* 5)?问题1选项A.gain support from the local communityB.protect it from irresponsible developmentC.make it a better home for black bearsD.provide financial security for future generations问题2选项A.the popul

58、ation in the Pocono area is growingB.wildlife in the Pocono area is dying out rapidlyC.the security of the Pocono residents is being threatenedD.farmlands in the Pocono area are shrinking fast问题3选项A.The setting up of an environmental protection website.B.Support from organizations like the Nature Co

59、nservancy.C.Cooperation with the local residents and business leaders.D.Inclusion of farmlands in the regions protection program.问题4选项A.Financial contributions from local business leaders.B.Consideration of the interests of the local residents.C.The establishment of a wildlife protection foundation

60、in the area.D.The setting up of a local Nature Conservancy branch in the Pocono area.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“To protect the Poconos natural beauty from irresponsible development”，主要目的使保护自然美景，选项B符合题意。2.信息推断题。根据文章第二段第一句，因为溪流、山脊等一些自然风貌吸引了很多人来到这里，推测人口是不断增加的。选项A符合题意。3.信息推断题。根据文章第六段，“The key to protecting these remarkable lands is connecting with the local community,” 文中提到了与当社区合作。选项C符合题意。4.信息归纳题。根据上下文语境，Bud Cook 认为大自然保护协会的成功离不开 “having a local presence”，在第四段也提及了农民受到了协会的支持，所以 having a local presence 应该是指一个组织或机构，选项D符合题意。