2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷73

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1、2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 翻译题Directions: For this part, you are to translate a passage from Chinese into English.中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学，从新能源到机器人等各类高科技领域。他们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市

2、场不断变化和增长的需求。【答案】Innovation in China is booming at an unprecedented rate. In order to catch up with the developed countries in science and technology as soon as possible, China has greatly increased its research and development fund in recent years. They are also working with science and technology p

3、arks around the country to commercialize their innovations. At the same time, whether in products or business models, Chinese entrepreneurs are striving to be pioneers in innovation to adapt to the ever-changing and growing needs of domestic and foreign consumer markets.2. 单选题Sixteen years ago, Eile

4、en Doyles husband, an engineer, took his four children up for an early morning cup of tea, packed a small case and was never seen or heard of again. Eileen was astonished and in a state of despair. They had been a happy family and, as far as she knew, there had been nothing wrong with their marriage

5、.Every day of the year, a small group of men and women quietly pack a few belongings and without so much as a note or a good-bye close the front door for the last time, leaving their debts, their worries and their confused families behind them.Last year, more than 1,200 men and nearly as many women

6、were reported missing from homethe highest in 15 years. Many did return home within a year, but others rejected the past completely and are now living a new life somewhere under a different identity.To those left behind this form of desertion is a terrible blow to their pride and self-confidence. Ev

7、en the finality of death might be preferable. At least it does not imply rejection or failure. Worse than that, people can be left with an unfinished marriage, not knowing whether they will have to wait seven years before they are free to start a fresh life.Clinical psychologist Paul Brown believes

8、most departures of this kind to be well planned rather than impulsive. “Its typical of the kind of personality which seems able to ignore other peoples pain and difficulties. Running away, like killing yourself, is a highly aggressive act. By creating an absence the people left behind feel guilty, u

9、pset and empty.”The Salvation Armys Investigation Department has a 70 percent success rate in tracking missing people down. According to Lt. Co. Bramwell Pratt, head of the department, men and women run away for very different reasons though lack of communication is often the biggest motive. “The th

10、ings that disturb a mans personality are problems like being tied up in debt or serious worries about work. And some women make impossible demands on their husbands. Women usually leave for more obvious reasons but fear is at the root of it. Men are more often prepared to give their marriage another

11、 try than women, but we are aware that, for some wives, it would be a total impossibility to return after the way theyve been treated.”6. When her husband left home, Eileen Doyle_.7. Most people who leave their families behind them_.8. The man or woman left behind usually_.9. Paul Brown regards leav

12、ing home in such circumstances as_.10. The Salvation Army believes that_.问题1选项A.could not forgive him for taking the childrenB.had been expecting it to happen for some timeC.could not understand whyD.blamed herself for what had happened问题2选项A.do so without warningB.do so because of their debtsC.come

13、 back immediatelyD.change their names问题3选项A.admits responsibility for the situationB.wishes the person who has left were deadC.feels embarrassed and uselessD.will have no legal marriage life for seven years问题4选项A.an act of despairB.an act of selfishnessC.the result of a sudden decisionD.the result o

14、f the enormous sense of guilt问题5选项A.most men run away because of the impossible demands of their wivesB.mens reasons are more understandable than womensC.some women never give their men another chanceD.women are often afraid to start marriage again【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】6.推理判断题，第一步，寻找句内线索定

15、位到第一段倒数一二句话Eileen was astonished and in a state of despair. They had been a happy family and, as far as she knew, there had been nothing wrong with their marriage.“艾琳很惊讶，处于绝望的状态。他们曾经是一个幸福的家庭，据她所知，他们的婚姻没有任何问题”，第二步，寻找上下文线索，丈夫离开后她很绝望，而且她认为她们的婚姻很幸福，由此可推测她其实不知道为什么丈夫要离开，答案选C“不知道为什么”；A选项“不能原谅他带走了孩子”，文章没有提及

16、所以不选，这里属于无中生有；B选项“早就料到会发生”，见正确解析，这里属于反向干扰；D选项定位到“为所发生的事责备自己”第五段最后一句By creating an absence the people left behind feel guilty, upset and empty.“通过制造一种缺席，留下的人会感到内疚、不安和空虚”，这是科学家说的并不能运用到艾琳这个个体情况，这里属于张冠李戴。7.事实细节题，第一步，精准定位，定位到第二段Every day of the year, a small group of men and women quietly pack a few belo

17、ngings and without so much as a note or a good-bye close the front door for the last time, leaving their debts, their worries and their confused families behind them.“一年中的每一天，都有一小群男人和女人安静地打包一些物品，没有一张纸条或一句再见，就最后一次关上前门，把他们的债务、烦恼和困惑的家人抛在身后”。第二步，综合理解，由此可知A选项“一声不吭就这样做了”正确；B选项“这样做是因为债务”，见正确选项，从这里可知那些离家出走的

18、人不止是因为债务还有烦恼和困惑，所以B选项错误，这里属于以偏概全；C选项“马上就回来了”，定位到第三段最后一句Many did return home within a year, but others rejected the past completely and are now living a new life somewhere under a different identity.“很多人在一年内回到了家乡，但也有一些人完全拒绝自己的过去，现在在某个地方以不同的身份过着新的生活”，从这里可以看出那些离家出走的人并没有马上回来，最短的也是一年后才回来的，这里属于偷换概念；D选项“改了

19、名字”，见C选项解析，这里说的是那些不愿意回来的人用另一种身份过着另一种生活但是还有很大一部分人在一年之后回来了，所以D选项错误，不是大部分离家出走的人改了名字，而是大部分离家出走的人都回来了，属于反向干扰。8.事实细节题题，第一步，精准定位，定位到第四段第二句话Even the finality of death might be preferable“甚至死亡可能会更好”，第二步，综合理解，这里文章是说相对于离家出走可能死亡都更能够被接受。B选项“希望离开的人死了”正确；A“承认对出现这种情形有责任”，文章没有提及，这里属于无中生有；C选项“感到尴尬和无用”，定位到第四段第一句话To th

20、ose left behind this form of desertion is a terrible blow to their pride and self-confidence“对于那些留下的人来说，这种形式的遗弃对他们的骄傲和自信是一个可怕的打击”，文章是写对骄傲和自尊有打击，而不是觉得尴尬以及无用，这里属于偷换概念；D选项“将没有合法婚姻的生活七年”定位到第四段最后一句话 Worse than that, people can be left with an unfinished marriage, not knowing whether they will have to wai

21、t seven years before they are free to start a fresh life.“更糟糕的是，人们可能会有一段未完成的婚姻，不知道他们是否需要等待七年才能自由地开始新的生活”，文章与题干所说需要七年以后才能拥有合法婚姻不符，这里属于曲解原文。9.事实细节题，第一步，精准定位，定位到第五段第二句话Its typical of the kind of personality which seems able to ignore other peoples pain and difficulties“这是一种典型的性格，似乎能够忽视别人的痛苦和困难”，第二步，综合理

22、解，从这里可以看出保罗认为离家出走的人太过于以自我为中心，容易忽略别人的痛苦和困难，所以答案选B“一种自私的行为”；A选项“一种绝望的行为”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“一种突然的决定”，定位到第五段第一句话Clinical psychologist Paul Brown believes most departures of this kind to be well planned rather than impulsive.“临床心理学家保罗布朗认为，大多数这类离开都是经过精心计划的，而不是冲动的。”从这里可以看出保罗认为离家出走并不是一时冲动而是蓄谋已久，这里属于反向干扰；D选项

23、“巨大愧疚感的结果”定位到第五段第三句话By creating an absence the people left behind feel guilty, upset and empty.“通过制造一种缺席，留下的人会感到内疚、不安和空虚”，从这里可以看出是留下的人非常的内疚不是离开的人内疚，这里属于张冠李戴。10.推理判断题，第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到最后一段最后一句话Men are more often prepared to give their marriage another try than women, but we are aware that, for some wive

24、s, it would be a total impossibility to return after the way theyve been treated.”“男性比女性更愿意再试一次婚姻，但我们也意识到，对于一些妻子来说，在经历了这种情况后，再想回到婚姻中去是完全不可能的了”，从这里可知那些离家出走的人里，男性会要比女性更愿意结婚，第二步，寻找上下文线索，女性逃离的原因是因为恐惧，综上所述，答案选D“女人常常害怕重新开始婚姻”；A选项“大多数男人逃跑是因为他们的妻子无法满足他们的要求”定位到最后一段三四句话The things that disturb a mans personali

25、ty are problems like being tied up in debt or serious worries about work. And some women make impossible demands on their husbands. Women usually leave for more obvious reasons but fear is at the root of it.“扰乱男人个性的是债务缠身或对工作的严重担忧等问题。有些妇女对她们的丈夫提出不可能的要求。女性离开的原因通常更为明显，但恐惧是其根源”，从这里可知男性离家出走的原因是债务和工作问题，最后

26、才是他的妻子对他提出不合理的要求，所以A选项属于以偏概全；B选项“男人的理由比女人的更容易理解”，文章没有提到两性之间离家出走的理由的对比，所以这里属于无中生有；C选项“有些女人再也不给男人机会了”，见正确选项解析，两性离家出走的原因很不一样，女性通常是因为家暴，所以他们很难再进入婚姻但是文章并没有说女性没有给过他们丈夫机会，属于无中生有。3. 单选题Cancer is feared by everyone. And this fear is reaching epidemic level. Not the disease itself there is no such thing as a

27、cancer epidemic. Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smoking, the incidence rates are leveling off, and in the case of some kinds of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety. The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge

28、carcinogen (致癌物). The ordinary, more or less scientific statement that something between 80 and 90 percent of all cancers are due to things in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until the whole environment is “cleaned up.” This is not at all the meaning. The 80-percent cal

29、culation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidence of cancer in various societies around the worldfor example, the high proportion of liver cancer in Africa and the Far East, stomach cancer in Japan, breast cancer in Western Europe and North America, and the relatively low figures for

30、 breast cancer in Japan and parts of Africa and for liver cancer in America. These data indicate there may be special and specific environmental influences, largely based on personal life-style, that determine the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communitiesbut that is all the data

31、suggest. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable roughly the same everywhere.1. Which of the following is closest to meaning to the phrase “leveling off？2. According to the passage, the incidence of cancer is generally believe_.3. It can be inferred from the passage t

32、hat the writers opinion about the relationship between cancer and environment is_.4. According to the passage, the writer seems to feel that_.5. Which of the following would be the best TITLE for the passage?问题1选项A.Became very popularB.Reached its lowest level in popularityC.Stopped being popularD.S

33、topped increasing its popularity问题2选项A.to be based on inactive life styleB.to be due to anxietyC.to result from environmental influencesD.to be caused by heavy smoking问题3选项A.positiveB.negativeC.neutralD.approving问题4选项A.cancer risk is on the riseB.the whole earth resembles a huge carcinogenC.the risk

34、 of catching cancer is not so great as most people conceiveD.cancer can be cured sooner or later问题5选项A.Cancer and EnvironmentB.The Fear Caused by CancersC.Data on Cancer IncidenceD.Cancer and its Investigation【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.词汇推断题。第一步，句中前后信息衔接，定位到文章第三四句话Except for lung cancer, mos

35、tly caused by cigarette smoking, the incidence rates are leveling off, and in the case of some kinds of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety.“除主要由吸烟引起的肺癌外，其他癌症的发病率（），某些癌症的发病率正在下降。但是对癌症的恐惧正在蔓延，这个国家面临着焦虑的风险”，第二步，上下文语义衔接except for这里是一个状

36、语，and连接两个句子，这两个句子之间存在并列或者递进关系，后面的句子是一些癌症正在减少，所以leveling off应该是减少或者持平、平稳的意思，从后面那句的连词but也可知，前面的句意也是but后面的意思相反，也就是癌症虽然发病率减少但是对癌症的恐惧却正在增加，由此可知答案选D选项“不再增长”；A选项“变得受欢迎”不符题意，属于无中生有；B选项“达到最低水平”，不符题意，属于无中生有；C选项“不再受欢迎”，不符题意，属于无中生有。2.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第六句The ordinary, more or less scientific statement that some

37、thing between 80 and 90 percent of all cancers are due to things in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until the whole environment is “cleaned up”.“一般来说，80%到90%的癌症都是由环境因素造成的，这种说法多少有些科学依据，但它意味着，在整个环境得到清理之前，我们谁也不会安全”。第二步，综合理解，从这里可知答案选C选项“受环境的影响”；A选项“以消极的生活方式为基础”，文章没有提及，属于无中生

38、有；B选项“由于焦虑”定位到第四句，But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety“但是对癌症的恐惧正在蔓延，这个国家面临着焦虑的风险”，这里讲的是国家处于焦虑的风险，而不是人因为焦虑增加患癌的风险，这里属于出处错误；D选项“因为酗烟”定位到第三句Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smoking,“除了肺癌，肺癌主要是由吸烟引起的”，这里单指吸烟增加患肺癌的风险但是题干是指的是患癌症，肺癌只是癌症的一种，这里属于以

39、偏概全。3.观点态度题。第一步，精准定位，定位到文章倒数一二句these data indicate there may be special and specific environmental influences, largely based on personal life-style, that determine the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communitiesbut that is all the data suggest. The overall incidence of cancer, coun

40、ting up all the cases, is probable roughly the same everywhere.“这些数据表明，可能有一些特殊的、具体的环境影响，很大程度上取决于个人的生活方式，决定了不同社区中各种癌症的发病率但这只是所有数据所表明的。如果把所有病例都计算在内，癌症的总体发病率可能在世界各地都大致相同”。第二步，综合理解，从这里可知作者认为环境对健康的其实是没有影响的，有影响的是人们的生活方式，由此作者的态度是比较客观的，答案选C“中立的”；A选项“积极的”，见正确选项，不符合题意，属于偷换概念；B选项“消极的”见正确选项，不符合题意，属于偷换概念；D选项“赞成的

41、”，见正确选项，不符合题意，属于偷换概念。4.推理判断题，第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第三四句话，Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smoking, the incidence rates are leveling off, and in the case of some kinds of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety“除主要由吸烟引起的肺癌外，其他癌

42、症的发病率趋于平稳，某些癌症的发病率正在下降。但是对癌症的恐惧正在蔓延，这个国家面临着焦虑的风险”。第二步，寻找上下文线索，从这里可以知道其实癌症已经没有那么可怕了但是人们对患癌症的恐惧却越来越强烈，由此推断C选项“患癌症的风险没有大多数人想象的那么大”正确；A选项“癌症风险正在上升”，见正确选项解析，这里属于反向干扰；B选项“整个地球就像一个巨大的致癌物质”定位到第五句话The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen“地球本身看起来就像一种巨大的致癌物”，这里从句意上看B选项是这句话的同义替代，但是resemble一般指外表

43、、形状上的相似，seem like指的是内在的相似之处，所以B选项不选，这里属于曲意理解；D选项“癌症迟早会被治愈的”文章没有提及，属于无中生有。5.主旨大意题，分析文章行文结构，文章从人们对癌症的恐惧谈起，说到人们对癌症越来越恐惧，但作者觉得这是没有必要的，因为癌症的发病率趋于平缓。然后人们觉得地球本身就是致癌物，不同地区的人患不同癌症的风险也是不一样的，但是作者觉得支持这个论点的数据本身就存在着争论，然后作者指出其实不是地球环境而是人们生活方式本身存在问题，而且它只计算了某个特殊的癌症，如果把所有癌症计算在内其实全球地区的患癌率是差不多的，所以文章的具体内容是讲清楚癌症和环境这件的关系，答

44、案选A选项“癌症和环境”；B选项“癌症造成的恐慌”，这只是文章的引入点，引入人们对癌症的恐惧之后文章并没有继续探讨恐惧带来了什么作用或者恐惧的原因，这里属于以偏概全；C选项“癌症的数据”，文章指出的数据是不同地区癌症的发病率，这些数据提出来只是为了佐证文中人们的观点，不是文章的主要想表达的意思，这里属于推理过度所以不选；D选项“癌症和其调查”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选。4. 填空题Directions: In each of the following sentences, there is one part that is grammatically incorrect. Mar

45、k out the erroneous part and then put the correct form in the brackets following the sentence.36. Basing on the research of the foreign language, this paper concludes the ways to learn English well. （ ）37. Nations, sensing a threat of their economies, tried to take actions to protect themselves. （ ）

46、38. The fund was designed to encouraging the growth of international trade by stabilizing currencies. （ ）39. How many life insurance does the average person buy? （ ）40. Sports in America take a various of forms: organized competitive struggles, athletic games and hunting and fishing. （ ）【答案】36.basin

47、gbased37.economieseconomy38.encouragingencourage39.manymuch40.variousvariety【解析】36.非谓语动词应该和句子的主语保持一定的逻辑关系，现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，发出base这个动作的施动者是人，所以应该使用过去分词-ed形式。37.这里的主语是nations “国家”，所以economy在这里是“经济体制，经济状况”的意思，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。38.to在作介词时，没有表目的的意义，这里的to是与后面的动词原形组合在一起组成不定式，所以encouraging应该用动词原形encourage。39.lif

48、e insurance“人寿保险”这个名词是不可数名词，所以不能用how many修饰，应该把many改为much。40.various是形容词，可以直接修饰名词，而of前面的词一般都是名词，所以这里应该用variety。5. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your answers on Answer Sheet.The Tomb Sweeping Day is one of the traditional Chinese holidays. It typically falls on A

49、pril 4, 5, or 6 of the solar calendar. This festival was originally celebrated for the revival of nature. It marked the beginning of the planting season and other outdoor activities. At that time, people celebrated it with dancing, singing, picnics, and spring outing. Later it graduated into a day t

50、o honor past ancestors. Today, all the Chinese sweep their late ancestors tombs when the festival comes. Tomb sweeping activities usually include weeding and earthing up the tombs, offering sacrifices, burning spirit money, shooting off firecrackers and so on.【答案】清明节是中国的传统节日之一。它通常是在阳历的4月4日、5日或6日。这个节

51、日最初是为了庆祝大自然的复兴并且标志着种植季节和其他户外活动的开始。在这个节日里，人们以跳舞、唱歌、野餐和春游来庆祝它。后来它逐渐演变成纪念祖先的日子。如今，每逢清明节来临，所有的中国人都会为先人扫墓。扫墓活动通常包括除草、掘土、祭祀、烧纸钱、放鞭炮等。6. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into English and put your answers on Answer Sheet.皮影戏（ShadowPlay）是中国民间广为流传的傀儡戏之一，两千年前的西汉时期诞生在中国陕西，清代在河北盛极一时。皮影戏的人物道具用兽皮或纸板剪

52、成，演员在一块隔亮布后操纵道具进行表演。中国的不少地方戏曲剧种都是从皮影戏中派生而来。如今，中国皮影被世界各国的博物馆收藏，还是中国政府与其他国家领导人相互往来时的馈赠佳品。【答案】As one of the earliest opera forms and a sort of widespread puppet play in China, Shadow puppetry was born in Shaanxi, China, during the Western Han Dynasty 2,000 years ago, and flourished in Hebei during the

53、Qing Dynasty. Its characters and props are made of animal skins or paperboards and the story was performed by illuminating these images with the help of lamplight. While performing, the performers manipulate the characters behind the white curtain. Many local operas in China are derived from shadow

54、play. Nowadays, Chinese shadow puppets are collected in museums around the world, and are often presented as gifts by the Chinese government to leaders of other countries when they interact with each other.7. 单选题Less than two months into her breast cancer treatment, Alexandra Jn-Charles was called i

55、nto a new room at SUNY Downstate Medical Center, where two treating physicians, the chief medical officer and an attorney representing the hospital told her that mistakes had been made.The skin lesions (病变) on her chest, they said, had been caused not by her illness but by the machine that was suppo

56、sed to cure her. The 32-year-old had received nearly 30 radiotherapy sessions, but at this point it didnt really make sense to count them, because a programming error had caused each installment to deliver at least three times the prescribed amount of radiation.Jn-Charles, who died two and a half ye

57、ars after this meeting in 2005, would eventually come to exemplify theemergence of accidental over-radiation in U.S. hospitals. The worst off have reported skin damage, inexplicable hair loss and ribs (肋骨) buckling beneath their chests debilitating injuries suffered while undergoing screening or tre

58、atment for something that would otherwise kill them. A steep price for survival.These tragedies go to the core of an issue as pressing as it is uncomfortable to think about: Have advances in technology, improved treatment methods and more comprehensive screening protocols led to systematic, excessiv

59、e irradiation of patients?The answer, according to a growing number of health experts, is yes. For example, the CT scan, which has become commonplace in response to rising cancer rates, is itself thought to increase the likelihood that a person develops cancer. The scans deliver several hundred time

60、s more radiation than an X-ray even when guidelines and dosages are followed precisely. “What we do as physicians arguably harms people,” James Ehrlich, a clinical associate professor at the University of Colorado and an adviser for Premier Micronutrient Corp., told Newsweek.A jarring example of tha

61、t came in 2010, when Walt Bogdanich published an extensive review in The New York Times that listed numerous patients whose lives had been destroyed by mistakes in hospital imaging and radiotherapy. Shortly after the article series went to press, the Food and Drug Administration began to ramp up its

62、 efforts to limit excessive exposure, eventually launching its Initiative to Reduce Unnecessary Radiation Exposure From Medical Imaging.Along with organizations like the American College of Radiology, the FDA now supports a number of so-called dose registries that allow facilities to compare radiati

63、on dose indexes to regional and national values. To date, hundreds of facilities across the U.S. have enrolled.But the FDAs regulatory authority is generally focused on equipment manufacturers, and compliance on the state level is never guaranteed. And even compliant facilities run the risk of over-

64、radiating patients: A 2012 paper by the Institute of Medicine found that medical imaging is one of the leading environmental causes of breast cancer_.1. The skin damage on Jn-Charles chest was caused by_.2. What does the author want to explain by exemplifying Jn-Charles?3. What can be learnt about the CT scan?4. What does the word “ramp up” mean?5. The author thinks FDAs solution to reduce radiation exposure is_.问题1选项A.breast cancerB.advanced te