2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷62

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1、2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题In fact, a number of recent developments suggest that new media may actually be the salvation of old media; that online newspapers, Webzines, and e-books could preserve and extend the best aspects of the print culture while augmenting it with their various

2、 technological advantages.问题1选项A.limitingB.maintainingC.distinguishingD.increasing【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。横线单词augmenting意为“增加；增大”；A选项“limiting”意为“限制；限定”；B选项“maintaining”意为“维持；继续；维修；主张”；C选项“distinguishing”意为“区分；辨别”；D选项“increasing”意为“增加；增大；提高；增强”。句意：事实上，最近的一些发展表明，新媒体实际上可能是传统媒体的救赎；在线报纸、网络杂志和电子书可以保留和扩展印刷文化的最好方面

3、，同时用它们的各种技术优势扩大它。由题干可知，while是连词，意为“与此同时”，说明while前后意思相近而不是转折。preserve and extend（保留和扩展）表示传统印刷业将继续扩张。由此可知，augmenting在此处最可能是“增大”的意思。因此D选项符合题意。2. 单选题The governments strong action demonstrated its（ ）to crush the rebellion.问题1选项A.energyB.resistanceC.courageD.determination【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项energy“能量；精力；活力

4、”；B选项resistance“阻力；电阻；抵抗”；C选项courage“勇气；胆量”；D选项determination“决心”。句意：政府强有力的行动表明了它粉碎叛乱的决心。根据句中“strong action强有力的行动”可知“决心”符合语境，因此D选项正确。3. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into English on the Answer Sheet.时下，在北京的图书馆、博物馆甚至书店里，经常有一些大大小小不同类型的文化讲座，这些讲座，小而言之，只是一次次知识的宣讲，大而言之，则是先进文化的传播。在这方面，中国现代文

5、学馆组织的周末义务讲座无疑是开风气之先、具有示范作用的。这里一时间竟出现了作家学者主动报名讲演，听者以能占有一席之地为荣的局面，可以相信，越来越多的人自觉进入求学殿堂，将大大促进我国国民素质的提升。【答案】Nowadays, from libraries and museums in Beijing to bookstores, there are often cultural lectures on different scales and varied sizes. These lectures, in practical terms, are repeated knowledge imp

6、artations. In theoretical terms, theyre the dissemination of advanced culture. In this regard, the weekend lectures organized by the Museum of Modern Chinese Literature are undoubtedly pioneering and exemplary. Here, many writers and scholars volunteer to be entered for opportunities to give lecture

7、s while the audience is honored when given a seat. It can be believed that more and more people consciously into the educational programs, which will greatly promote the national quality of our citizens.4. 单选题Factors leading to the crisis included poor regulation, mismanagemet and deception in the i

8、ndustry, and competition from other types of financial firms.问题1选项A.pollutionB.cheatingC.abuseD.unemployment【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。deception“欺骗，欺诈”；A选项pollution“污染”；B选项cheating“行骗，欺诈”；C选项“abuse滥用；虐待；恶习”；D选项unemployment“失业；失业人数”。句意：导致危机的因素包括监管不力、管理不善和行业欺诈，以及来自其他类型金融公司的竞争。deception有“欺诈的”意思，因此B项正确。5. 单选题Our a

9、ttitude toward our teachers should be（ ）, but not slavish or superstitious.问题1选项A.respectableB.respectedC.respectiveD.respectful【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项respectable“值得尊敬的；人格高尚的；相当数量的”；B选项respected“受尊敬的”；C选项respective“分别的，各自的”；D选项respectful“恭敬的；有礼貌的”。句意：我们对待老师的态度应该是恭敬的，但却不应该是盲从的或迷信的。根据句中“Our attitude towa

10、rd our teacher我们对待老师的态度”可知“恭敬的”符合语境，因此D选项正确。6. 单选题It must guide public opinion, after presenting _both sides of every issue and pointing out to readers what measures seem to promise the greater good for the greater number.问题1选项A.inquisitivelyB.inconceivablyC.appallinglyD.impartially【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。A

11、选项“inquisitively”意为“好问地；过分好奇地”；B选项“inconceivably”意为“不可思议地”；C选项“appallingly”意为“令人毛骨悚然地；骇人听闻地”；D选项“impartially”意为“公平地；无私地”。句意：它必须引导公众舆论，在此之前，它必须公正地介绍每一个问题的两面，并向读者指出哪些措施似乎能给更多人带来更大的好处。由题干可知，It must guide public opinion（它必须引导公众舆论），因此它本身就需要是公正，客观的，不偏颇地引导公正舆论，所以介绍问题的不同方面也应是公正的。因此D选项符合题意。7. 单选题The motion p

12、icture originated when a series of still photograph were sliced and viewed in rapid succession to create the illusion of movement and continuity.问题1选项A.reducedB.joinedC.revisedD.titled【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。横线单词sliced意为“切下；把分成部分；将切成薄片”；A选项“reduced”意为“减少；缩小；使处于；把分解”；B选项“joined”意为“参加；结合；连接”；C选项“revised”意为“修正

13、；复习；校订”；D选项“titled”意为“加标题于；赋予头衔；把称为”。句意：电影起源于将一系列静止的照片切成薄片，快速连续地观看，以创造移动和连续性的幻觉。由题干可知，motion picture（电影）最开始是以一系列静止照片的形式观看，可以推测出应该是将这些照片切成薄片，也就是胶片的样子。由此可知，sliced在此处最可能是“将切成薄片”的意思，四个选项中reduced具有“缩小，分解”的意思，与此相近。因此A选项符合题意。8. 单选题I couldnt work out why anyone would invent something so boring.问题1选项A.draw u

14、pB.bring aboutC.put forwardD.figure out【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。work out“算出；实现；制定出；消耗完；理解；锻炼”；A选项draw up“起草；使靠近”；B选项bring about“引起；带来”；C选项put forward“提出；拿出”；D选项figure out“解决；想出；理解；断定”。句意：我搞不懂为什么会有人发明这么无聊的东西。根据句中“why anyone would invent something so boring为何有人发明如此无聊的一些东西”可知work out在这里的意思应为“理解”，因此D选项正确。9. 单选题T

15、he police refused to（ ）the clues they were working on.问题1选项A.exhibitB.discloseC.exposeD.discern【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项exhibit“展览；显示；提出（证据等）”；B选项disclose“公开；透露”；C选项expose“揭露；使曝光；显示”；D选项discern“识别；领悟，认识”。句意：警方拒绝透露他们正致力于的线索。根据句中“The police警方”可知“透露”符合语境，因此B选项正确。10. 不定项选择题Many Americans harbor a grossly dist

16、orted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as great as some people believe, “the stre

17、ets would be littered with people lying here and there”.Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plants weight is made up of natural pesti

18、cides. Says he, “Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare.” And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens a substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms might be banned if t

19、hey were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives. Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Cornell University: “Were got far worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made.”Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to be terrified to s

20、it down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-mad

21、e ones. Though most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink. To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulat

22、ory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly.

23、 The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain from fields to processing plants to kitchens.1. What does the author think of the Americans view of their food?2. The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because（ ）.3. By saying “they employ chemical warfar

24、e” (Paragraph 2, Line 4), Bruce Ames means （ ）.4. The reduction of the possible hazards in food ultimately depends on （ ）.5. What is the message the author wants to convey in the passage?问题1选项A.They overstate the governments interference with the food industry.B.They are overoptimistic about the saf

25、ety of their food.C.They overestimate the hazards of their food.D.They overlook the risks of the food they eat.问题2选项A.no food is free from pollution in the environmentB.pesticides are widely used in agricultureC.many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicalsD.almost all foods have additives问题3选

26、项A.plants produce certain chemicals to combat pests and diseasesB.plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growthC.farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plantsD.farmers use chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseases问题4选项A.the governmentB.the processor

27、C.the consumerD.the grower问题5选项A.Eating and drinking have become more hazardous than before.B.Immediate measures must be taken to improve food production and processing.C.Health food is not a dream in modern society.D.There is reason for caution but no cause for alarm with regard to food consumption

28、.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第一段第一句“Many Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. 许多美国人对围绕食品的大多数风险持有严重扭曲和夸大的看法。”可知C项“他们高估了食物的危害。”与原文相符；A项“他们夸大了政府对食品工业的干预”，原文并没有相关表达；B项“他们对食品的安全性过于乐观。”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“他们忽略了他们所吃食物的风险。”，原文并没有相关

29、表达。因此C选项正确。第2题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第二段第二句“up to 10% of a plants weight is made up of natural pesticides. 高达植物重量10%的成分是天然杀虫剂。”可知A项“没有一种食物是不受环境污染的”与原文相符。B项“农药在农业中被广泛使用”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“许多蔬菜包含危险的天然化学物质”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“几乎所有的食品都含有添加剂”，原文并没有相关表达。因此A选项正确。第3题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段第三句“Since plants do not have jaws or teeth

30、 to protect themselves. 因为植物没有颌或牙齿来保护自己”可知这里的“they employ chemical warfare 它们使用化学武器”代指“植物产生某些化学物质来对抗虫害和疾病”，由此知A项“植物产生某种化学物质来对抗病虫害”与原文相符。B项“植物吸收有用的化学物质来促进它们的生长”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“农民使用人造化学物质溶解植物中的天然化学物质”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“农民使用化学药品保护植物免受病虫害”，原文并没有相关表达。因此A选项正确。第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章最后一段倒数第二句“Perhaps most important, c

31、onsumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. 也许最重要的是，消费者将不得不更好地学习如何正确处理和烹饪食物。”可知C项“消费者”正确。A项“政府”；B项“加工者”；D项“种植者”。因此C选项正确。第5题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章最后一段第二句“While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to dema

32、nd significant improvements in food and water safety. 虽然美国人没有理由害怕坐在餐桌前吃饭，但他们完全有理由要求显著改善食品和水安全。”可知D项“关于食物消费，有理由谨慎，但没有理由惊慌。”与原文相符。A项“饮食变得比以前更危险。”，原文并没有相关表达；B项“必须立即采取措施改善食品生产和加工。”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“健康食品在现代社会不再是一个梦。”，原文并没有相关表达。因此D选项正确。11. 单选题From 1965 to 1978 American consumer prices increased at an average

33、annual rate of 5.7 percent. This ominous shift was followed by consumer price gains of 13.3 percent in 1979.问题1选项A.promisingB.overwhelmingC.threateningD.astonishing【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。ominous“预兆的；不吉利的”；A选项promising“有希望的，有前途的”；B选项overwhelming“压倒性的；势不可挡的”；C选项threatening“危险的；胁迫的；凶兆的”；D选项astonishing“惊人的；令人

34、惊讶的”。句意：从1965年到1978年，美国消费者价格平均每年增长5.7%。这种不吉利的转变之后，1979年消费者价格上涨了13.3%。“ominous”本身就有“不吉利的”的意思，因此C选项正确。12. 单选题The ongoing negotiation relied on unorthodox channels, avoiding the dull State Department, which he disdained.问题1选项A.respectedB.neglectedC.deniedD.despised【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。disdain“鄙视，轻视”；A选项resp

35、ect“尊敬，尊重；遵守”；B选项neglect“疏忽，忽视；忽略”；C选项deny“否定，否认；拒绝给予”；D选项despise“轻视，鄙视”。句意：正在进行的谈判依赖非正统渠道，避开了他鄙视的沉闷的国务院。题干说到“dull State Department呆滞的国务院”，可推知disdain在这里有“鄙视”的意思，因此D选项正确。13. 单选题The preserved food should retain palatable appearance, flavor, and texture, as well as its original nutritional value.问题1选项A

36、.tastyB.stylishC.delicateD.notable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。palatable“美味的，可口的；愉快的”；A选项tasty“美味的；高雅的；有趣的”；B选项stylish“时髦的；现代风格的；潇洒的”；C选项delicate“微妙的；精美的；柔和的；易碎的”；D选项notable“值得注意的，显著的；著名的”。句意：腌制食品应保持其可口的外观、风味和质地，以及原有的营养价值。题干提到“preserved food腌制的食物”和“flavor, and texture味道和质地”，可推知palatable在这里“有美味的”的意思，因此A选项正确。14.

37、单选题There were several explanations of the phenomenon, nobody _the right one the first time.问题1选项A.got hold ofB.agreed uponC.hit onD.caught up with【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“got hold of”意为“把握；抓住；得到”；B选项“agreed upon”意为“对取得一致意见；同意某主意”；C选项“hit on”意为“偶然发现；忽然想到”；D选项“caught up with”意为“赶上；逮捕；处罚”。句意：对这一现象有几种解释，但没有人

38、一开始就能忽然想到正确的解释。由题干可知，the right one指正确的解释，所以相应的动词应该是想到。因此C选项符合题意。15. 单选题Henry was the only one who knew how to cook because he had _in the kitchen when he was a boy.问题1选项A.helped aboutB.helped outC.helped withD.helped up【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“helped about”意为“就帮忙”；B选项“helped out”意为“帮助摆脱困难；帮忙”；C选项“helped

39、with”意为“帮某人做；在某方面帮助”；D选项“helped up”意为“把（某人）扶起来，帮助（某人）往上搬东西”。句意：亨利是唯一会做饭的人，因为他小时候在厨房里帮过忙。由题干可知，Henry was the only one who knew how to cook（亨利是唯一会做饭的人），所以可以推测出亨利小时候在厨房帮过忙。因此B选项符合题意。16. 单选题We met Mary and her husband at a party two months ago. （ ） weve had no further communication.问题1选项A.ThereofB.There

40、byC.ThereafterD.Thereabouts【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项Thereof“由此；在其中；关于”；B选项Thereby“从而，因此；在那附近；在那方面”；C选项Thereafter“其后；从那时以后”；D选项Thereabouts“大约；在那附近”。由后半句“we ve had no further communication”（我们没有进一步的联系）可知是从上次见过以后就没有联系了，因此是时间前后的关系。句意：我们在两个月前的一次聚会上遇到了玛丽和她的丈夫，此后我们就没有进一步的联系了。因此C选项正确。17. 不定项选择题One fact was clearl

41、y demonstrated by the early sleep researchers: one part of the night is not just like another. As scientists began to compare the records of volunteers, they observed that human sleep follows a rhythmic schedule; they noted that not only was this schedule much the same in healthy person of the same

42、age with similar habits but, from night to night, each individual had an EEG record almost as consistent as a signature.Sleep and wakefulness, once considered to be the light and dark of consciousness, no longer seem to differ so sharply. To sleep does not mean to drown in an ocean of darkness. Actu

43、ally, sleep is not a unitary state; it involves many shades or degrees of detachment from the surrounding world. Sleep is made up of separate stages of light and deeper slumber. Typically, only during the first hours of sleep does a person reach the stage of the deepest slumber, the rest of them is

44、spent drifting between the other lighter stages in specific patterns, all night long a person drifts down and up through different levels of consciousness, as if on waves. While sleep may feel like a blanket of darkness punctuated by dreams a time when the mind is asleep nothing could be less true.

45、With laboratory methods, researches have been able to chart the typical stages of the journey into sleep.The journey starts while the subject is still awake but beginning to relax; his brain waves, which have been low, rapid, and irregular, begin to show a new pattern; this new pattern, which is kno

46、wn as alpha rhythm, is an even electrical pulsation of about 9 to 12 cycles per second. Most people do not know what the alpha state feels like, but during the last few years researchers have been able to teach subjects how to recognize and learn to sustain their alpha rhythm.When their EEG shows an

47、 alpha rhythm, the subjects are notified, either by a sound or by the appearance of a color on a screen. Because the alpha state tends to be relaxed, the ability to sustain it can help tense people ease their passage into sleep. A moment of tension, a loud noise, an attempt to solve a problem, howev

48、er, and the alpha rhythm may vanish.As the subject passes through the gates of the unconscious, his alpha waves grow smaller, and his eyes roll very slowly. For a moment, he may wake up during this early part of the descent, alerted by sudden spasm that causes his body to jerk. Like the brain waves,

49、 this spasm is a sign of neural changes within. Known as the myoclonic jerk, it is cause by a brief burst of activity in the brain. The myoclonic jerk is normal in all human sleep, it is gone in a fraction of a second, after which the descent continues, the subject has not felt this peculiar transfo

50、rmation, but now he is said to be truly asleep.1. The sentence “each individual had an EEG record almost consistent as a signature” means （ ）.2. In the second paragraph, the author describes that （ ）.3. The word “unitary” in the second paragraph means （ ）.4. When can we say that a person is asleep?5

51、. We can infer from the passage that the “alpha rhythm” is（ ）.问题1选项A.each individual had quite different EEG record like their personalized signatureB.each individual had almost the same EEG record as his signatureC.the EEG record of each individual may be contradictory to one anotherD.the EEG recor

52、d of each individual may be changed from one another问题2选项A.sleep and wakefulness are different because of completely different levels of consciousnessB.sleep is a quiet stateC.sleep makes one drown in an ocean of darknessD.sleep involves different levels of consciousness问题3选项A.complexB.uniqueC.singl

53、eD.simple问题4选项A.When there are no dreams.B.Before he wakes.C.After the myoclonic is finished.D.After the alpha rhythm descents.问题5选项A.sustainableB.rapidC.irregularD.myoclonic【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“from night to night, each individual had an EEG record almost as consi

54、stent as a signature每个人每晚的脑电图记录几乎和签名一样一致”知B项与原文相符。A项“每个人都有完全不同的脑电图记录，就像他们的个性化签名一样”，与原文不符；B项“每个人的脑电图记录几乎如其签名样一致”；C项“每个人的脑电图记录可能相互矛盾”，与原文不符；D项“每个人的脑电图记录可能相互改变”，与原文不符，因此B选项正确。第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段内容可知D项与原文相符。A项“睡眠和清醒是不同的，因为意识的层次完全不同”，与原文不符；B项“睡眠是一种安静的状态”，与原文不符；C项“睡眠使人淹没在黑暗的海洋中”，与原文不符；D项“睡眠涉及不同层次的意识”，因此D选项正确

55、。第3题:词汇题。由题干定位到文章第二段中“Sleep is made up of separate stages of light and deeper slumber. 睡眠由不同的浅的和更深的睡眠构成”，可推知unitary有“单一的”的意思。A项“复杂的”；B项“独特的”；C项“单一的”；D项“简单的”，因此C选项正确。第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章最后一段中“The myoclonic jerk is normal in all human sleep, it is gone in a fraction of a second, after which the descent

56、continues, the subject has not felt this peculiar transformation, but now he is said to be truly asleep. 肌阵挛痉挛在所有人的睡眠中都是正常的，在瞬间就消失了，之后继续下降，实验对象并没有感觉到这种奇特的变化，但据说现在他真的睡着了。”可知C项与原文相符。A项“当没有做梦时”，与原文不符；B项“在他觉醒前”，与原文不符；C项“在肌阵挛反应结束后”；D项“在阿尔法节奏下降之后”，与原文不符，因此C选项正确。第5题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第三段中“.is an even electrica

57、l pulsation of about 9 to 12 cycles per second. 是一种每秒大约循环9至12次的电流脉动”，可知它的速度较快，B项正确。A项“可持续的”；B项“迅速的”；C项“不规则的”；D项“肌阵挛的”，因此B选项正确。18. 单选题She answered with an （ ） “No” to the request that she attend the public hearing.问题1选项A.eloquentB.effectiveC.emotionalD.emphatic【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项eloquent“意味深长的；雄辩的，有

58、口才的；有说服力的”；B选项effective“有效的，起作用的；实际的，实在的”；C选项emotional“情绪的；易激动的；感动人的”；D选项emphatic“着重的；加强语气的；显著的”。由本句“She answered with an _ No”（她回答不）可知她对否定这件事情的态度的坚决，所以emphatic的意义与其对应。句意：对于要求她出席公开听证会的要求，她断然地说了“不”。因此D选项正确。19. 单选题Nearly eleven thousand people have been arrested for defying the ban on street trading.问

59、题1选项A.criticizingB.neglectingC.blamingD.disclosing【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。defy（其现在分词为defying）“违抗，反对；藐视；不顾”；A选项criticize（其现在分词为criticizing）“批评；评论”；B选项neglect（其现在分词为 neglecting）“疏忽，故意忽视”；C选项blame（其现在分词blaming）“责备；归咎于”；D选项disclose（其现在分词为disclosing）“公开；揭露”。句意：近1.1万人因藐视街头交易禁令而被捕。根据句中“arrested逮捕”与“the ban on stre

60、et trading街头交易禁令”可知defy在这里应表示一种故意忽视，因此B选项正确。20. 不定项选择题Crippling health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily.Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries w

61、ith appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician.A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries. The startling finding was t

62、hat the average Medicare patient save a total of seven doctors two primary care physicians and five specialists in a given year. Contrary to popular belief the more physicians taking care of you dont guarantee better care. Actually increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors.How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, r