2022年考博英语-浙江工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷60

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1、2022年考博英语-浙江工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The monopoly-capitalist group（ ）many smaller enterprises last year.问题1选项A.integratedB.mergedC.undertakeD.collected【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项integrated“整合”；B选项merged“合并，融合，兼并”；C选项undertake“承担，担保”；D选项collected“收集，收藏”。句意：这家垄断资本集团去年_了许多较小的企业。这里表达是这个垄断公司去兼并别的小公司，因此B选项符合

2、题意。2. 单选题All the living organisms, regardless of their unique identity, have certain biological, chemical, and physical characteristics in common.问题1选项A.as a resultB.consideringC.whateverD.on purpose【答案】C【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项as a result“结果”；B选项considering “考虑到”；C选项whatever“无论什么，不管怎样”；D选项on purpose“故意地”。句意：

3、所有的生物体，不论其独特的特性如何，都有某些共同的生物、化学和物理特性。根据句意，可以看出C选项符合题意。3. 单选题Nerve signals may travel through nerve or muscle fibers at speeds as high as two hundred miles per hour.问题1选项A.velocitiesB.impulsesC.ratiosD.atrocities【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项velocities“速度”；B选项impulses“脉冲”；C选项ratios“比率”；D选项atrocities“暴行，残忍”。句意：神经

4、信号通过神经纤维或肌肉纤维的速度可达每小时200英里。句子中的划线部分含义 “速度”，与A选项最为接近，因此A选项符合题意。4. 单选题Recently the car factory had to carry out personnel（ ）because of financial trouble.问题1选项A.cutsB.demandsC.reductionsD.orders【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项cuts“切口，份额”；B选项demands“需求”；C选项reductions“减少，缩小”；D选项orders“顺序”。句意：最近，由于财政困难，汽车厂不得不进行人事_。根据前

5、句说“财政困难”，可以推测应该是要进行人事减少，因此C选项符合题意。5. 单选题The lecture was boring and the students could hardly（ ）their yawns.问题1选项A.depressB.suppressC.oppressD.press【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项depress“压抑，使沮丧”；B选项suppress“抑制，镇压，忍住（某种生理现象）”；C选项oppress“压迫”；D选项press“压，按”。句意：讲座很无聊，学生们几乎不能_他们的哈欠。本句表达的是学生不能忍住打哈欠，打哈欠是一种生理现象，因此B选项符合题意

6、。6. 单选题“In every known human society the males needs for achievement can be recognized. In a great number of human societies mens sureness of their sex role is tied up with their right, or ability, to practice some activity that women are not allowed to practice. Their maleness in fact has to be und

7、erwritten by preventing women from entering some field or performing some feat.”This is the conclusion of the anthropologist Margaret Mead about the way in which the roles of men and women in society should be distinguished.If talk and print are considered it would seem that the formal emancipation

8、of women is far from complete. There is a flow of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of women and about the complicated system of defences which men have thrown up around their hitherto accepted advantages, taking sometimes the obvious form of exclusion from types of occupation and s

9、ociable groupings, and sometimes the more subtle form of automatic doubt of the seriousness of womens pretensions to the level of intellect and resolution that men, it is supposed, bring to the business of running the world.There are a good many objective pieces of evidence for the erosion of mens s

10、tatus. In the first place, there is the widespread postwar phenomenon of the woman Prime Minister, in India, Sri Lanka and Israel.Secondly, there is the very large increase in the number of women who work, especially married women and mothers of children. More diffusely there are the increasingly nu

11、merous convergences between male and female behavior: the approximation to identical styles in dress and coiffure, the sharing of domestic tasks, and the admission of women to all sorts of hitherto exclusively male leisure-time activities.Everyone carries round with him a fairly definite idea of the

12、 primitive or natural conditions of human life. It is acquired more by the study of humorous cartoons than of archaeology, but that does not matter since it is not significant as theory but only as an expression of inwardly felt expectations of peoples sense of what is fundamentally proper in the di

13、fferentiation between the roles of the two sexes. In this rudimentary natural society men go out to hunt and fish and to fight off the tribe next door while women keep the fire going. Amorous initiative is firmly reserved to the man, who sets about courtship with a club.52. The phrase “mens sureness

14、 of their sex role” in the first paragraph suggests that they（ ）.53. The third paragraph does NOT claim that men（ ）.54. The third paragraph（ ）.55. At the end of the last paragraph the author uses humorous exaggeration in order to（ ）.问题1选项A.are confident in their ability to charm womenB.take the init

15、iative in courtshipC.have a clear idea of what is considered “manly”D.tend to be more immoral than women are问题2选项A.prevent women from taking up certain professionsB.secretly admire womens intellect and resolutionC.doubt whether women really mean to succeed in businessD.forbid women to join certain c

16、lubs and societies问题3选项A.generally agrees with the first paragraphB.has no connection with first paragraphC.repeats the argument of the second paragraphD.contradicts the last paragraph问题4选项A.show that men are stronger than womenB.carry further the ideas of the earlier paragraphsC.support the first.s

17、entence of the same paragraphD.disown the ideas he is expressing【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C【解析】52.判断推理题。根据文章关键词定位到第一段mens sureness of their sex role is tied up with their right, or ability, to practice some activity that women are not allowed to practice（男子对其性别角色的确定与他们从事某些妇女不允许从事的活动的权利或能力有关）。从此句可知，男人们很

18、清楚自己的“大男人”的角色，并且通过一些方式来把握和巩固这个地位，因此C选项“清楚地知道什么才是男子汉气概”正确。A选项“对自己吸引女性的能力有信心”，没有提及；B选项“在求爱中采取主动”，亦没有提及；D选项“往往比女人更不道德”，文章没有具体说明。53.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段There is a flow of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of women and about the complicated system of . doubt of the seriousness of womens p

19、retensions to the level of intellect and resolution that men, it is supposed, bring to the business of running the world. （有大量的出版物是关于持续的对妇女的家庭束缚，关于男性为他们迄今所接受的优势建立的复杂的防御体系，有时以排除在各种职业和社交团体之外的明显形式出现，有时，更微妙的形式是，对女性自命不凡的严肃程度的自动怀疑，就像人们认为的，男性在管理世界时所具有的智慧和决心。）从这段话中可以看到A选项“阻止妇女从事某种职业”；B选项“暗自羡慕女人的智慧和决心”以及D选项“

20、禁止妇女参加某些俱乐部和社团”都是文段中有提到的，只有C选项“怀疑女性是否真的想在商业上取得成功”是没有提及的，因此C选项当选。54.判断推理题。第一段讲述的是男性会通过阻止妇女进入某个领域或从事某项壮举来保证他们的男子气概，而第三段说There is a flow of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of . occupation and sociable groupings. （关于妇女继续受到家庭奴役和男子围绕其迄今为止公认的优势所建立的复杂的防御体系的出版物层出不穷，有时采取明显的形式，将妇女排除在各种职业和社交团

21、体之外。）和第一段说的几乎都是同样的主题，因此A选项“大致同意第一段”正确。B选项“和第一段没有关系”；C选项“重复第二段的论点”以及D选项“与最后一段矛盾”，最后一段并没有谈到这方面的信息，都不正确。55.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段，在文章最后一段结尾处作者用比较夸张的方式提到，在原始社会里，男人和女人的分工，以及扮演的角色。而本段第一句话Everyone carries round with him a fairly definite idea of the primitive or natural conditions of human life.（人们都持着那种从人类最原

22、始的状态时就有的关于男人和女人社会角色的观点。）因此最后两句话形象而具体地解释了那种观点到底是什么。因此C选项“支持同一段的第一句话”正确。A选项“表明男人比女人更强大”，并没有明确说明；B选项“进一步表达最初段落的意思”，最后一段并没有继续讲述第一段的信息；D选项“否认他所表达的观点”，不正确。7. 单选题Jill Ker Conway, president of Smith, echoes the prevailing view of contemporary technology when she says that “anyone in todays world who doesnt

23、understand data processing is not educated.” But she insists that the increasing emphasis on these matters leave certain gaps. Says she: “The very strongly utilitarian emphasis in education, which is an effect of man-made satellites and the cold war, has really removed from this culture something th

24、at was very profound in its 18th and 19th century rots, which was a sense that literacy and learning were ends in themselves for a democratic republic.”In contrast to Platos claim for the social value of education, a quite different idea of intellectual purposes was advocated by the Renaissance huma

25、nists. Overjoyed with their rediscovery of the classical learning that was thought to have disappeared during the Dark Ages, they argued that the imparting of knowledge needs no justificationreligious, social, economic, or political. Its purpose, to the extent that it has one, is to pass on from gen

26、eration to generation the corpus of knowledge that constitutes civilization. “What could man acquire, by virtuous striving, that is more valuable than knowledge?” asked Erasmus, perhaps the greatest scholar of the early 16thcentury. That idea has acquired a tradition of its own. “The educational pro

27、cess has no end beyond itself,” said John Dewey, “It is its own end.”But what exactly is the corpus of knowledge to be passed on? In simpler times, it was all included in the medieval universities Quadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, musiC.and Trivium (grammar, rhetoric, logic). As recently

28、as the last century, when less than 5% of Americans went to college at all, students in New England establishments were compelled mainly to memorize and recite various Latin texts, and crusty professors angrily opposed the introduction of any new scientific discoveries or modern European languages.

29、“They felt.” said regretfully Charles Francis Adams, Jr., the Union Pacific Railroad president who devoted his later years to writing history, “that a classical education was the important distinction between a man who had been to college and a man who had not been to college, and that anything that

30、 diminished the importance of this distinction was essentially revolutionary and tended to anarchy.”1. The first paragraph shows that Jill Ker Conway accepts utilitarian emphasis in education（ ）.2. Education for educations sake was probably opposed by（ ）.3. The idea that education transmits knowledg

31、e is dated back to（ ）.4. It can be inferred that Charles Francis Adams, Jr. （ ）.5. According to the third paragraph, which of the following is true?问题1选项A.wholeheartedlyB.with reservationC.against her own willD.with contempt问题2选项A.scholars in the Renaissance periodB.Jill Ker ConwayC.scholars in the

32、Dark AgesD.Plato问题3选项A.the Renaissance humanistsB.the medieval universitiesC.the 18th centurys American scholarsD.the cold war period问题4选项A.devoted his later years to classical educationB.was an advocate of education in historyC.was an opponent to classical educationD.regretted diminishing the impor

33、tance of the distinction问题5选项A.Five percent of American college students learnt Latin texts.B.Students in New England learnt Latin texts in official organizations.C.Students were compelled to learn modern European languages.D.American college students had to learn Latin texts by reading.【答案】第1题:B第2题

34、:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段第二句But she insists that the increasing emphasis on these matters leave certain gaps.（但她坚持认为，对这些问题的日益重视留下了一定的差距。）我们可以知道知道，虽然吉尔克尔康维支持实用主义教育，但是她认为实用主义教育仍然有一些欠缺，因此B选项“仍然有余地”正确。A选项“全心全意地”；C选项“与她的意志相违背”以及D选项“带有目的性的”，都不正确。2.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段第一句和第二句In contrast to Pla

35、tos claim for the social value of education, a quite different idea of intellectual purposes was advocated by the Renaissance humanists. Overjoyed with . they argued that the imparting of knowledge needs no justificationreligious, social, economic, or political.（与柏拉图对教育的社会价值的主张相反，文艺复兴时期的人文主义者提倡一种完全不

36、同的关于智力目的的观点。他们为重新发现被认为在黑暗时代已经消失的经典知识而欣喜若狂，他们认为知识的传授不需要任何理由宗教的，社会的，经济的或政治的。）通过这两句话我们知道，柏拉图认为教育应该具有社会价值，而文艺复兴时期的人文主义者持有与柏拉图完全不同的观点，提出知识的传授不应该具有宗教、社会、经济、政治目的，由此我们可以推断出，文艺复兴时期的人文主义者建议“教育只为教育而生”即“education for educations sake”的观点，综合考虑，最有可能反对“教育的目的就是教育本身。”的是柏拉图，因此D选项“柏拉图”正确。A选项“文艺复兴时期的学者”没有提到；B选项“吉尔克尔康维”，

37、她虽支持实用主义教育，但仍认为它有一些欠缺，因此不正确；而C选项“黑暗时代的学者”，没有提及。3.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段第二句In simpler times, it was all included in the medieval universities Quadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, musiC.and Trivium (grammar, rhetoric, logic).（在较简单的时代，它全部被包括在中世纪大学的四科（算术、几何、天文学、音乐）和三科（语法，修辞，逻辑）中。）通过这句话我们知道，在简单时代，中世

38、纪大学向学生传授四门学科（算术、几何、天文、音乐）和三学科（语法、修辞、逻辑）的知识，因此我们可以判断出教育传授知识的观点可以追溯至中世纪大学，因此B选项“中世纪的大学”正确。A选项“文艺复兴时期的人文主义者”；C选项“18世纪的美国学者”以及D选项“冷战时期”，都不符合原文。4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段 “They felt,” said regretfully Charles Francis Adams, Jr. , the Union . distinction between a man who had been to college and a man who had

39、 not been to college, and that anything that diminished the importance of this distinction was essentially revolutionary and tended to anarchy.（“他们的感受。小查尔斯弗朗西斯亚当斯遗憾地说。“联合太平洋铁路总统晚年致力于书写历史，”一个古典教育的重要区别是一个人上大学，一个人没有上大学，任何削弱这种区别的事本质上都是革命，倾向于无政府状态。”）作者在引用这段话时用了regretfully（遗憾地）一词，从而说明Charles Francis Adams

40、, Jr. 是反对古典教育的，因此C选项“是古典教育的反对者”正确。A选项“晚年致力于古典教育”；B选项“是历史上教育的倡导者”以及D选项“遗憾的是降低了区别的重要性”都属于抓住这一段引语中的个别词句进行发挥，都与原文不符，也无法由原文推知。5.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到第三段第三句As recently as the last century . or modern European languages (近至上个世纪，当美国上大学的人总共还不到5%的时候，新英格兰教育机构里的学生却在被迫着记忆和背诵各种拉丁文本，那些顽固的教授愤怒地反对引进任何新的科学发现或现代欧洲语言)。B选项中的o

41、fficial organizations是该句中establishments的改写，意思上与原文相符，因此B选项“新英格兰的学生在官方机构学习拉丁文”正确。A选项“百分之五的美国大学生学习拉丁文”；C选项“学生们被迫学习现代欧洲语言”以及D选项“美国大学生必须通过阅读来学习拉丁语”都不符合原文。8. 单选题Sending a child to school in England is a step which many parents do not find easy to take. In theory, at least, the problem is that there are ve

42、ry many choices to make.Let us try to list some of the alternatives between which parents are forced to decide. To begin with, they may ask themselves whether they would like their child to go to a single-sex school or a co-educational school. They may also consider whether he should go to a school

43、which is connected to a particular church or religious group, or whether the school should have no such connections. Another decision is whether the school should be one of the vast majority financed by the State or one of the very small but influential minority of private schools, though this choic

44、e is, of course, only available to the small number of those who can pay. Also connected with the question of money is whether the child should go to a boarding school or live at home. Then there is the question of what the child should do at school. Should it be a school whose curriculum lays empha

45、sis, for instance, on necessary skills, such as reading, writing and mathematics, or one which pays more attention to developing the childs personality, morally, emotionally and socially. Finally, with dissatisfaction with conventional education as great as it is in some circles in England and certa

46、inly in the USA, the question might even arise in the parents minds as to whether the child should be compelled to go to school at all. Although in practice, some parents may not think twice about any of these choices and send their child to the only school available in the immediate neighbourhood，a

47、ny parent who is interested enough can insist that as many choices as possible be made open to him, and the system is theoretically supposed to provide them.44. Parents find choosing a school hard because（ ）.45. According to the passage, some parents, if allowed, might let their children stay at hom

48、e because they（ ）.46. What is implied at the very end of the passage?问题1选项A.there is a limited number of choicesB.some schools are very expensiveC.some schools are government schoolsD.they are faced with a variety of offers问题2选项A.dont find conventional education satisfactoryB.dont know how to choose

49、 among different schoolsC.intend to educate their children themselvesD.find conventional education too expensive to pay for问题3选项A.Most parents are unconcerned about the choices available to them.B.Interested parents can request more school choices be open to them.C.The educational system may not pro

50、vide as many choices as expected.D.Most parents usually send their children to the schools nearby.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B【解析】44.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到第二句话In theory, at least, the problem is that there are very many choices to make.（至少在理论上，问题是需要做出很多选择。）也就是说在理论上，父母至少有很多选择，文章还列举了很多可供选择的学校模式。故父母给孩子选择一所学校很困难是因为有太多选

51、择，D选项“他们面临各种各样的学校选择”正确；A选项“选择的数量有限”；B选项“有些学校很贵”以及C选项“有些学校是公立学校”都不是原文的观点。45.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第二句Finally, with dissatisfaction with conventional education as great as it is in some circles in England and certainly in the USA, the question might even arise in the parents minds as to whether the child

52、should be compelled to go to school at all.（最后，由于对传统教育的不满，在英国的一些圈子，在美国也有，关于孩子是否应该被强迫去上学的问题可能出现在父母的脑海中。）也就是说由于家长对于传统教育的不满，他们可能会考虑是否让孩子去上学，因此A选项“传统教育并不令人满意”符合题意。B选项“不知道如何在不同的学校中进行选择”；C选项“打算自己教育孩子”以及D选项“发现传统教育太昂贵而无法支付”并不是文章中提出的父母可能不送孩子去上学的原因。46.事实细节题。根据选项关键词定位到最后一句Although in practice, some parents may

53、 not think twice about any of these . can insist that as many choices as possible be made open to him, and the system is theoretically supposed to provide them.（虽然在实践中，有些父母可能并不会考虑这些选择，而是把孩子送到附近唯一可以去的的学校，但是有足够兴趣的父母能够坚持要求开放尽可能多的选择，并且，这种选择学校的体制从理论上讲，应该提供这些选择。）由以可知，教育制度并没有提供那么多，而是它有义务开放却没有做到。因此B选项“有兴趣的家

54、长可以要求更多的学校向他们开放”正确。A选项“大多数父母并不关心他们所能做的选择”，并不符合文意；C选项“教育系统提供的选择可能没有预期的那么多”，这个是正确的，但是是表面信息，更深层层次应该是“家长应该要求更多的学校向他们开放”，也就是B选项；D选项“大多数父母通常把他们的孩子送到附近的学校”，这也不是文章所暗示的，只是有提到。9. 单选题The young performers captured and held the audiences attention from the moment the curtain went up.问题1选项A.gatheredB.caughtC.grab

55、bedD.trapped【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项gathered“聚集”；B选项caught“捕捉”；C选项grabbed“抓住”；D选项trapped“诱捕”。句意：年轻的演员们从幕布升起的那一刻起就吸引住了观众的注意力。根据句意，C选项与划线词意思贴近，因此C选项符合题意。10. 单选题Scientists are already looking（21）the possibility of using some of the（22）ice in the Arctic and Antarctic. In these（23）there are vast ice-caps form

56、ed by snow that has fallen over the past 50,000 years. Layer（24）layer of deep snow means that,（25）melted, the snow water would be pure, not salty as sea-ice would be. There is so much（26）pure water here that it would need only a（27）of it to turn much of the desert or poorly irrigated parts of the wo

57、rld（28）rich farmland. And what useful packages it would come in! It should be possible to cut off a bit of ice and（29）it! Alternatively perhaps a（30）iceberg could be captured. They are always breaking away from the main caps and floating（31）, pushed by currents,（32）they eventually melt and are waste

58、d. Many icebergs are, of course,（33）too small to be towed any distance, and would（34）before they reached a country that needed them（35）. It would be necessary to（36）one that was manageable and that was big enough to provide a good （37）of ice when it reached us. Engineers think that an iceberg up to

59、11 kilometers long and 2 kilometers（38）could be transported if the tug pulling it was as big as a supertanker! Even then they would cover only 32 kilometers every day.（39）, once the iceberg was at its（40）, more that 7,000 million cubic meters of water could be taken from it!问题1选项A.forB.toC.inD.into问

60、题2选项A.probableB.niceC.availableD.possible问题3选项A.partsB.regionsC.countriesD.oceans问题4选项A.ofB.onC.uponD.and问题5选项A.whenB.asC.afterD.before问题6选项A.goodB.possibleC.perpetualD.potential问题7选项A.factorB.fractionC.frameworkD.foundation问题8选项A.toB.inC.intoD.at问题9选项A.transportB.transmitC.transplantD.transcribe问题1

61、0选项A.passB.passingC.pastD.passed问题11选项A.aroundB.aboveC.everywhereD.again问题12选项A.whenB.afterC.beforeD.until问题13选项A.allB.moreC.everyD.much问题14选项A.meltB.resolveC.vaporizeD.disappear问题15选项A.whereB.somewhereC.anywhereD.nowhere问题16选项A.drawB.useC.pullD.harness问题17选项A.supplyB.usageC.potentialD.storage问题18选项

62、A.tallB.broadC.highD.wide问题19选项A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.ThusD.Although问题20选项A.terminalB.endC.stopD.destination【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A第6题:D第7题:B第8题:C第9题:A第10题:B第11题:A第12题:D第13题:D第14题:A第15题:C第16题:D第17题:A第18题:D第19题:B第20题:D【解析】21.考查固定搭配。A选项for“为了”；B选项to“给”；C选项in“在里面”；D选项into“到里面”。句意：科学家们已经在_利用北极和南极的一些可用冰的可能性。look into是固定搭配，意为“调查，研究”，而原文中表达的就是科学家在调查研究可用冰，因此D选项符合题意。22.考查形容词辨析。A选项probable“很可能的，可信的（用来指有根据，合情理