2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷57

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1、2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life

2、and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest

3、 was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White Mouse, to tell us that the Earths atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alb

4、erts, added this key point in the preface to the panels report “Science never have all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concern

5、ing the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that its OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure, this is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is

6、 in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing: a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But its obvious that a majority of the presidents advisers still dont take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of ac

7、tion, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.To serve as responsible stewards of the plant, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration wont take the legislative initiative, Cong

8、ress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to our energy needs. I

9、f we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.1.An argument made by supporters of smoking was that .2.According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as（ ）.3.What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, paragraph 4)（ ）.4

10、.According to the author, what should the Administration do about global wanning（ ）.5.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because（ ）.问题1选项A.there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and deathB.the number of early deaths of smokers in the p

11、ast decades was insignificantC.people had the freedom to choose their own way of lifeD.antismoking people were usually talking nonsense问题2选项A.a protectorB.a judgeC.a criticD.a guide问题3选项A.Endless studies kill actionB.Careful investigation reveals truthC.Prudent planning hinderD.Extensive research he

12、lps decision-making问题4选项A.Offer aid to build cleaner power plantsB.Raise public awareness of conservationC.Press for further scientific researchD.Take some legislative measures问题5选项A.they suffered from the governments negligenceB.a lesson from the latter is applicable to the formerC.the outcome of t

13、he latter aggravates the formerD.both of them have turned from bad to wors【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到怀疑者认为“（抽烟有害健康）证据不足，科学也无法给出确定的解释，而那些反对吸烟的游说团体想破坏我们的生活方式而政府却置若罔闻”（That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way o

14、f life and the government should stay out of the way?），因此选项C“人们有选择生活方式的自由”符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第二段第四句提到“科学永远没有答案。但是科学确实为我们指导着未来的方向，重要的是我们的国家和世界各国在制定重要政策时，应该根据科学所能提供的有关当前行动会造成怎么样后果的最佳判断作为依据”（Science never have all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it

15、is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions），因此选项D符合题意。3.判断推理题。题目问的是“作者通过说分析导致麻痹案例是想表达什么”。文章第四段最后一句提到“他们只是继续迫切要求进行更多的研究而不是行动方案这是典型的分析导致麻痹的案例”（Instead of a plan of action, they c

16、ontinue to press for more research-a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”）。由此可推出是因为过多的研究导致麻痹，那么可以知道是更多的研究导致了无法制定计划，选项A“无尽的研究扼杀了行动”符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章最后一段第三句话提到“如果政府不制定相关立法，国会应该帮助它去开始推广保护措施”（If the Administration wont take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservati

17、on measures）。选项D“采取一些法律措施”符合题意。5.判断推理题。题目问的是“作者把全球变暖与抽烟关联起来的原因是什么”。文章第一段提到怀疑者质疑科学家提出的吸烟导致人死亡的观点及接下来的后果；第二段提到通过“there are upsetting parallels today”引出全球变暖的话题，由parallel一词可以看出作者认为二者是相似的；第三段提出人们像对待吸烟问题的态度来对待全球变暖问题的错误做法；第四、五两段表达了作者对政府的期望，希望他们不要重蹈覆辙。因此，选项B“从前者中吸取的教训可以用到后者上”符合题意。2. 单选题Despite wars, famines

18、, and epidemics, Earths population is booming ahead to new records with no end in sight.Every day, the world adds enough people to populate a medium-sized city in the US. In one month, the number of new world citizens equals the population of New York City. Every year, there are 90 million more mout

19、hs to feed, more than the total population of Germany.Several factors are propelling this rapid growth, including an element that of often overlooked; the huge number of teenagers who are becoming mothers, particularly in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa.In four African nations-Niger, Mali, Sierr

20、a Leone, and Ivory Coast-1 out of every 5 adolescent females of childbearing age has a baby annually.The US Bureau of the Census says this high rate of motherhood among teens has helped to maintain the high pace of births across most of the African continent. By starting a family early, a typical wo

21、man in Somalia, for instance, has seven children during her lifetime. Equally large families are the rule in Zambia, Zaire, Uganda, Mauritania, Mali, Malawi, and Ethiopia.The current record-holder for fertility is strife-torn Rwanda, where a typical mother has at least eight or nine children.While p

22、opulation experts often focus on Africas problems, analysts note that teenaged mothers are also far more prevalent in the United States than in France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, or Britain.This issue-“babies having babies”-has recently gained prominence in the US. Teenaged motherhood in the US has fue

23、led an expansion of the State-federal welfare system and brought cries for welfare reform from lawmakers.With its high rate of teen births, the US now ranks alongside Indonesia and parts of South America, and only modestly ahead of Mexico, India, and Pakistan.Overall, the fertility rate among Americ

24、ans remains relatively low at 2.1 births per woman- about the replacement level. Although the US population is expected to climb steadily, from 260 million today to 323 million by 2020, most of that growth will come from immigration.The Census Bureau estimates that in Haiti, where thousands of citiz

25、ens are trying to flee to the US because of military oppression and poverty, AIDS will cut the annual growth rate during the next 25 years from 2.1 percent to 1.3 percent.The decline in growth is even sharper in the Central African Republic, where rates will dip from 2.4 percent to 0.7 percent. In T

26、hailand, which already had low birth rates, ADIS will drive population downward to 0.8 percent a year.In the 16 countries that are hit hardest, AIDS will lower populations by 121 million over expected projections by 2020. In Africa, the impact of AIDS is so great that trends toward longer life spans

27、 during the past 40 years being reversed. Some nations will suffer declines in average life spans of 0 to 30 years compared with expected life spans without AIDS.In the US, where AIDS is also a substantial problem the impact will be lower because the disease is mostly limited to homosexuals and drug

28、 user, says Peter Way, a Census Bureau research. In many African nations, AIDS is prevalent among the heterosexual populations, with sharply boosts infant mortality.A compelling chapter in the research deals with aging. Today the median age in developed countries is 35, and that in developing nation

29、s is only 23. By 2020, the corresponding figures will be 42 and 28.Today there are fewer adults over 60 (525 million) than children under 5 (636 million). As the world population ages, by 2020 the number over 60 will be more than 1 billion, while those under 5 will total 717 million.1.Sub-Saharan Af

30、rican countries（ ）.2.The passage states teenaged births are（ ）.3.The population growth rate in the US is（ ）.4.From the factual data in the passage, we know that by the year 2020（ ）.5.The passage implies that by the year 2020（ ）.问题1选项A.will have the largest world population by 2020B.have the highest

31、reproductive rate in the worldC.are only modestly affected by AIDSD.will have increasingly long life span问题2选项A.rare in developed countriesB.most prevalent in IndonesiaC.common in RwandaD.solely responsible for population increase问题3选项A.higher than that in IndiaB.lower than that in MexicoC.higher th

32、an that in IndonesiaD.lower than that in South America问题4选项A.the population growth rates in Thailand will have increasedB.there will be disproportionate number of older peopleC.US population growth rate will stabilizeD.the average age of Europeans will be 35问题5选项A.birth rates will be curbed in devel

33、oping countriesB.there will no longer be a population problemC.there will be too many young childrenD.the distribution of the worlds population will have altered【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“撒哈拉以南非洲国家”。文章第六段提到“人口出生率记录的现在保持者是饱受战乱的卢旺达，那里一位母亲至少有八个或九个小孩”（The current record-holder for fe

34、rtility is strife-torn Rwanda, where a typical mother has at least eight or nine children），由此可知选项B“有世界上最强的繁殖能力”符合题意，2.推理判断题。题目问的是“文章称青少年当母亲”。提到“人口出生率记录的现在保持者是饱受战乱的卢旺达，那里一位母亲至少有八个或九个小孩”（The current record-holder for fertility is strife-torn Rwanda, where a typical mother has at least eight or nine ch

35、ildren），由此可知在卢旺达生孩子的年龄偏小是中普遍现象，选项C符合题意。3.推理判断题。题目问的是“美国人口增长率”。文章第九段提到“由于美国高的青少年为人母比率高，它的出生率现在跟上了印度尼西亚和非洲的部分地区，比墨西哥，印度以及巴基斯坦稍微高些”（With its high rate of teen births, the US now ranks alongside Indonesia and parts of South America, and only modestly ahead of Mexico, India, and Pakistan），由此可知选项A符合题意。4.推

36、理判断题。题目问的是“从文中的实际数字，我们知道到2020年的时候”。文章最后一段最后一句话提到“随着世界人口老龄化，到2020年，60岁以上的人口将超过10亿，而5岁以下的人口总数将达到7.71亿”（As the world population ages, by 2020 the number over 60 will be more than 1 billion, while those under 5 will total 717 million），选项B“将出现比例失调的老年人数量”符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“文章暗示到2020年”。文章提到了不同国家的人口出生率，以及最后

37、提到世界人口老龄化程度加剧，都说明世界人口分布将发生变化，选项D符合题意。3. 单选题Television is one of todays most powerful and widespread means of mass communication. It directly influences our lives on both a short and long term basis; it brings worldwide situations into our homes; it affords extensive opportunities for acquiring highe

38、r education; and it performs these tasks in a convenient yet effective manner. We are all aware of the popularly accepted applications of television, particularly those relative to entertainment and news broadcasting.Television, however, has also been a vital link in unmanned deep space exploration

39、(such as the Voyager I and II missions) in providing visions from hazardous areas (such as proximity to radioactive materials or environments) in underwater research, in viewing storms moving across a metropolitan area (the camera being placed in a weather protective enclosure near the top of a towe

40、r), etc. The earths weather satellites also use television cameras for viewing cloud cover and movements from 20.000 miles in space. Infrared filters are used for night views, and several systems include a spinning mirror arrangement to permit wide area views from the camera. Realizing the unlimited

41、 applications for todays television, one may thus logically ponder the true benefits of confining most of our video activities to the mass entertainment field.Conventional television broadcasting within the United States centers around free enterprise and public ownership. This requires funding by c

42、ommercial sponsors, and thus functions in a revenue producing business manner. Television in USSR subjected areas, conversely, is a government owned and maintained arrangement. While such arrangements eliminate the need for commercial sponsorship, it also has the possibility of limiting the type of

43、programs available to viewers (a number of purely entertainment programs similar to the classic “Bewitched”, however, have been seen on these government controlled networks. All isnt as gray and dismal as the uninformed might unnecessarily visualize).A highly modified form of television called Slow

44、Scan TV is presently being used by many Amateur Radio operators to provide direct visual communications with almost any area of the world. This unique visual mode recently allowed people on the tiny South Pacific country of Pitcairn Island to view, for the first time in their lives, distant areas, a

45、nd people of the world. The chief radio Amateur and communications officer of Pitcairn, incidentally, is the legendary Tom Christian great, great grandson of Tom Christian of “Mutiny on the Bounty” fame. Radio Amateurs in many lands worked together for several months establishing visual capabilities

46、 for Pitcairners. The results have proven spectacular, yet the visual capabilities have only been used for health education or welfare purposes. Commercial TV is still unknown to natives of that tiny country. Numerous other forms of television and visual communication have also been used on semi res

47、tricted basis. This indicates the many untapped areas of video and television which may soon be exploited on a more widespread basis. The old clich of a picture being worth a thousand words truly has merit.1.According to the passage, applications of television are easily accepted in（ ）.2.Which of th

48、e following statements is true in the eyes of the writer?3.According to the passage television in USSR（ ）.4.In the passage, the author tries to tell us purely entertainment programs similar to the classic “Bewitched”（ ）.5.The authors attitude toward television programs is （ ）.问题1选项A.metropolitan are

49、aB.deep space explorationC.programs about entertainment and newsD.remote areas问题2选项A.Applications of television are beneficial to big cities.B.Applications of television are believed to be good activitiesC.Applications of television are restricted to television systems.D.Applications of television b

50、enefit to the mass entertainment field.问题3选项A.is limited to a revenue producing business mannerB.requires funding by commercial sponsorsC.puts away the need of commercial aidD.is badly in need of commercial help问题4选项A.are as good as those in the U.S.B.have been seen on many government controlled net

51、worksC.are as gray and dismal as the uninformed might unnecessarily visualizeD.are not as gloomy as the uninformed might问题5选项A.positiveB.indifferentC.criticalD.dangerous【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知电视在哪方面的运用更让人容易接受”。文章第一段最后一句提到“我们都知道电视被广泛接受，尤其是那些与娱乐和新闻广播有关的内容”（We are all awar

52、e of the popularly accepted applications of television, particularly those relative to entertainment and news broadcasting），因此选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，下面说法正确的是”。文章第二段最后一句提到“意识到当今电视的无限应用，人们可能会理性地思考我们将大多数影像活动限制于大众娱乐领域而带来的真正好处”（Realizing the unlimited applications for todays television, one may thus

53、 logically ponder the true benefits of confining most of our video activities to the mass entertainment field），由此可知选项D“电视使用受益的是大众娱乐”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章所述，苏联的电视”。文章第二段提到苏联的电视是受政府控制的，所以不需要赞助（Television in USSR subjected areas, conversely, is a government owned and maintained arrangement），因此选项C“不需要

54、商业支持”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“文章作者试图告诉我们与古典的Bewitched相似的纯娱乐节目”。文章第三段提到“它也可能限制可供观众观看的节目类型（然而，在这些由政府控制的网络上，已经出现了一些类似经典的入迷的纯娱乐节目。与知情者可能不必要观看的节目相比，这些节目没有那么令人忧郁）”it also has the possibility of limiting the type of programs available to viewers (a number of purely entertainment programs similar to the classic “

55、Bewitched”, however, have been seen on these government controlled networks. All isnt as gray and dismal as the uninformed might unnecessarily visualize)，因此选项D符合题意。5.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对于电视节目的态度是”。文章对电视节目各种好处进行了叙述，最后一段提到“这表明视频与电视的有很多还未被开发的用途，这些用途可能很快地在更广泛的基础上被开发出来”（This indicates the many untapped areas

56、of video and television which may soon be exploited on a more widespread basis），选项A“积极的”符合题意。4. 翻译题Put the following two passages into Chinese.It is simple enough to say that since books have fiction, biography, poetrywe should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give

57、us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we cou

58、ld banish all such preconception when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author, try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize as first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from w

59、hat you read. Bu if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints, from the twist and turn of the fist sentences, will bring you into the presence of human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving

60、you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite.Let me come to the point boldly; what governs the Englishman is his inner atmosphere, the weather in his soul. It is nothing spiritual or mysterious. When , in his garden or by his fire，he sprawls in an aggressively comfortable chair; when

61、he is choosing his clothes or his professionnever is it a precise reason, or purpose, or outer fact that determines him; it is always the atmosphere of his inner man.【答案】既然书有小说、传记、诗歌之分，我们就应该把它们分类，从中吸收它们应该给予的知识。这说起来很容易。然而很少有人要求书本应该给予的知识。我们总是囫囵吞枣般去看书，要求小说必须真实，要求诗歌必须虚构，要求传记谄媚，要求历史书能加强自己的偏见。如果我们读书之前能抛开这

62、些偏见，将会是一个好的开始。不要去强加你的想法给作者，而是要去理解他，成为他的伙伴。如果你将自己置身事外，并且从一开始就批判他，你就无法从书中获得最大的价值。但是如果你敞开心扉，那么书中精细入微的寓言和暗示便会让你从开头那些晦涩的句子中绕出来，把你带到一个独特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去钻研，你很快会发现，作者正向你阐述的或者是试图向你阐述的东西是一些比原来要明确得多的东西。让我直接切入正题：支配英国人的是他内心的情调，灵魂深处的气象。它既不是精神上的，也不神秘。在花园中或者壁炉旁，他会伸展四肢躺在一张舒服的椅子上；当挑选衣服或者职业时，并不是有明确的理由、目的，或者外部条件来制约他的决定，

63、仅仅取决于他内在的情调。5. 单选题The biggest problem facing Chile as it promotes itself as a tourist destination to be reckoned with, is that it is at the end of the earth. It is too far south to be a convenient stop on the way to anywhere else and is much farther than a relatively cheap half-day flight away from

64、the big tourist markets, unlike Mexico, for example. Chile, therefore, is fighting hard to attract tourists, to convince travelers that it is worth coming halfway round the world to visit. It is succeeding in existing markets like the USA and Western Europe but not in new territories, in particular the Far East. Markets closer to home, however, are not being forgotten. More than 50% of visitors to Chile still come from its n