2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷80

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1、2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题Education begins with teachers. Yet teaching seems to be losing its appeal for many of the best and brightest college students: in high school, many of the best students decide that they want to be teachers, but their relatives and friends soon convince them

2、 to change their minds.（1）According to several recent reports on the shortcomings of American public schooling, teachings lack of appeal for the brightest college students is one of the teaching professions most worrisome problems.Many articles on teaching, currently popular in newspapers, magazines

3、, and professional education journals, concentrate on the negative aspects of teaching; the expression teacher burnout is commonly ascribed to thousands of thoughtful and dedicated teachers who are leaving the profession.（2）Teacher burnout is caused by such problems as violence in the classroom，vand

4、alism（肆意破坏行为）inadequate salaries，involuntary transfers, interfering parents, oversized classes, and excessive paperwork. Even the best teachers cannot solve a childs problems, but many of them believe the public expects them to, and they give up teaching in despair.（3）Despite the more limited financ

5、ial prospects, the deterioration of the American publics attitude toward teachers, and the problems caused by disruptive students，many of the best students conclude that they want to pursue careers in the classroom after all. They usually discover that they want personal fulfillment from their lifes

6、 work more than they want material rewards. Each eventually chose to become a teacher. However, a growing body of evidence shows that such students are exceptions, rather than the rule, in Americas more than 1,200 teacher-training programs. Many teacher-training schools are beginning to look at ways

7、 to recruit the kind of people who would be inclined toward the positive aspects of teaching. The teaching profession has to become more attractive to good students.（4）Prospective teachers will see increased emphasis by national teacher organizations，state certification agencies，and local districts

8、on improving the status of the profession, as well as on improving teacher salaries. Continued efforts to eliminate jobs teachers do that are not teacherssuch as policing the restrooms, hallways, and cafeteriasare important for upgrading the profession.While teaching is not a wise career choice for

9、all, teaching is a noble and rewarding profession for those who indeed seek personal fulfillment from their lifes work.（4）Though the first year of teaching is frequently the most frustrating year in a teachers life, the experience of solving problems that deal with instruction, students, parents, ad

10、ministrators, and fellow teachers is of immeasurable value for future success.Put the underlined sentences in the following passage into Chinese.【答案】1.根据最近几份关于美国公立学校教育缺点的报告，对最聪明的大学生来说，教学缺乏吸引力是教师行业最令人担忧的问题之一。2.教师的职业倦怠是由以下问题引起的:教室里的暴力行为、故意破坏、工资不高、非自愿的调动、家长的干预、班级规模过大和作业批改工作过多。3. 尽管教师的经济前景更加有限，美国公众对教师态度

11、的恶化，以及破坏性学生造成的问题，然而许多优秀的学生还是决定想在教室里追求事业。4.未来的教师将看到国家教师组织、国家认证机构和当地对提高教师职业地位以及提高教师工资的重视。5.虽然第一年的教学往往是教师生涯中最令人沮丧的一年，但解决与指示、学生、家长、管理员和同事有关的问题的经验对未来的成功具有不可估量的价值。2. 单选题In New Zealand, experts are putting forward suggestions to reduce sugar sweetened（ ）consumption, claiming that it may contain unhealthy a

12、mounts of sugar.问题1选项A.beverageB.barbecueC.blueprintD.briefcase【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项beverage表示“饮料”；B选项barbecue表示“烤肉”；C选项blueprint表示“蓝图，行动方案”；D选项briefcase表示“公文包”。由后文claiming that it may contain unhealthy amounts of sugar可知，前面提到的内容富含糖分，综合对比四个选项，只有beverage可以包含糖分，因此本题正确答案为A选项。3. 单选题According to BTs futu

13、rologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium period of 1,000 years）, when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate： progress in all areas of life. Pearson has（1）together to work of hundreds of researchers around the world to pro

14、duce a（2）millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key（3）and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an（4）life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs（5）into use between now and 2040.Pearson also（6）

15、a breakthrough in computer human links. By linking（7）to our nervous system, computers could pick up（8）we feel and, hopefully, simulate（9）too so that we can start to（10）full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck, he says.But that, Pearson points（11）,

16、 is only the start of man-machine（12）:It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will（13）lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century. “（14）his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are s

17、till no （15）for when faster-than-light travel will be（16）, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possibly.But he does（17）social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example,（18）problems in 2010, while the

18、 arrival of synthetic（19）robots will mean people may not be able to（20）between their human friends and the droids. And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder- kitchen rage.问题1选项A.takenB.piecedC.keptD.m

19、ade问题2选项A.complicatedB.delicateC.subtleD.unique问题3选项A.breakthroughsB.findingsC.eventsD.incidents问题4选项A.expandedB.extendedC.enlargedD.enriched问题5选项A.beingB.becomingC.carryingD.coming问题6选项A.schedulesB.plansC.predictsD.designs问题7选项A.directlyB.instantlyC.preciselyD.automatically问题8选项A.thatB.howC.whatD.a

20、ll问题9选项A.thinkingB.hearingC.sightD.feeling问题10选项A.formB.developC.findD.undertake问题11选项A.outB.atC.toD.toward问题12选项A.programB.productionC.experimentD.integration问题13选项A.finallyB.ultimatelyC.utterlyD.absolutely问题14选项A.ThroughB.ThoughC.DuringD.By问题15选项A.forecastsB.articlesC.storiesD.meetings问题16选项A.advi

21、sableB.affordableC.availableD.valuable问题17选项A.solveB.aroseC.exerciseD.expect问题18选项A.confrontB.causeC.witnessD.collect问题19选项A.lovelyB.likelyC.lifelikeD.lively60.问题20选项A.distinguishB.differC.diagnoseD.deviate【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D第6题:C第7题:A第8题:C第9题:D第10题:B第11题:A第12题:D第13题:B第14题:A第15题:A第16题:C第17

22、题:D第18题:B第19题:A第20题:A【解析】1.考查动词词组。动词词组piece together表示拼凑，汇聚在一起。原文句意：皮尔森汇集了世界各地的数百名研究人员。故本题正确答案为B选项。2.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项complicated表示“复杂的”；B选项delicate表示“精致的，脆弱的”；C选项subtle表示“狡猾的，敏感的”；D选项unique表示“唯一的，独特的”。由原文可知，这些研究人员编制了一个（ ）千禧年的技术日历，列出了我们可以期待的数百项重要发现和发现发生的最迟日期。对比四个选项，只有unique含义最符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为D选项。3.考查名词词义

23、辨析。A选项breakthrough表示“突破”；B选项finding表示“发现”；C选项event表示“事件”；D选项incident表示“事件，事变”。由后文中出现的biggest developments可知，这项技术日历罗列的内容与关键的突破和发现有关。因此，本题正确答案为A选项。4.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项expanded表示“膨胀的，扩张的”；B选项extended表示“伸出的，延长的”；C选项enlarged表示“放大的，扩大的”；D选项enriched表示“浓缩的，强化的”。空缺处形容词需要修饰life expectance，因此B选项最符合要求，故本题正确答案为B选项。5.

24、考查固定搭配。动词短语come into use表示开始使用，其他选项均不符合搭配要求，故本题正确答案为D选项。6.考查动词词义辨析。A选项schedule表示“确定时间，安排日程”；B选项plan表示“计划”；C选项predict表示“预测”；D选项design表示“设计，构思”。根据原文第一段可知，这项技术日历能够预测关键突破和重大发现的时间。因此，本题正确答案为C选项。7.考查副词词义辨析。A选项directly表示“直接地”；B选项instantly表示“立即”；C选项precisely表示“精确地”；D选项automatically表示“自动地”。由原文可知，将电脑直接连接到人类的神

25、经系统，电脑就可以检测到人类的感受如何。因此本题正确答案为A选项。8.考查宾语从句。空缺处部分既要做宾语从句引导词又要做从句部分的宾语，因此只可以选择what。9.考查上下文语境。电脑能够检测到人体的感受，并有希望模拟人类感受。因此本题正确答案为D选项。10.考查动词词义辨析。原文讲到通过与神经系统相连，电脑可以识别出人类的感受，并将之模拟，这样人类就可以开始着手研究全感官环境。因此本题正确答案为B选项。11.考查动词词组。动词词组point out表示“指出，指明”，因此本题正确答案为A选项。12.考查名词词义辨析。由后文“It will be the beginning of the lo

26、ng process of integration”可知，空缺处所缺单词与man-machine构成名词短语，表示人机一体化，因此空缺处内容应为integration。故本题正确答案为D选项。13.考查副词词义辨析。A选项finally表示“最后，终于”；B选项ultimately表示“最后，根本，基本上”；C选项utterly表示“完全地，绝对地”；D选项absolutely表示“绝对地，完全地”。根据句意可知，人机一体化最终会导致人类的完全电子化，因此可排除C、D选项。finally与ultimately虽然都可表示“最终，最后”，但finally通常表示在一系列因素的最后一个，而ulti

27、mately更强调经过长时间努力或者复杂工作之后达到的结果，因此本题选择B选项更为合适。14.考查介词的用法。Through表示凭借，通过；during表示过程；by表示方式、手段或借助某种工具，而though为连词，后面通常加句子。因此，本题选择A选项最为合适。15.考查名词词义辨析。由上下文可知，凭借这项研究，皮尔森能够确定大多数可以预测的突破的日期。然而，还无法预测何时才能实现比光还快的旅行，或者克隆何时才能完善，或者时光旅行成为可能。因此，空缺处部分应表示“预测，预估”的含义。故本题正确答案为A选项。16.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项advisable表示“明智的，可取的，适当的”；B选

28、项affordable表示“负担得起的”；C选项available表示“可利用的，可行的”；D选项valuable表示“有价值的，贵重的”。对比分析四个选项，只有C选项最符合句意，因此本题正确答案为C选项。17.考查动词词义辨析。A选项solve表示“解决，解答”；B选项arose表示“出现，引发”；C选项exercise表示“练习，使用”；D选项expect表示“期望，预期，预料”。由后文所举的例子可知，皮尔森确实预计到了科技进步带来的社会问题。因此，本题正确答案为D选项。18.考查动词词义辨析。A选项confront表示“面对，遭遇”；B选项cause表示“引起，遭受”；C选项witnes

29、s表示“目击，证明”；D选项collect表示“收集，募捐”。由句意可知，社区监控摄像头增多会引起一系列问题，所以cause最符合原文句意，因此本题正确答案为B选项。19.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项lovely表示“可爱的，秀丽的”；B选项likely表示“很可能的，合适的”；C选项lifelike表示“逼真的，栩栩如生的”；D选项lively表示“活泼的，生动的”。由后文讲到的人们难以区分人类的朋友和机器人可知，这些合成的机器人栩栩如生，非常逼真。因此，本题选择C项lifelike最为合适。20.考查动词词义辨析。A选项distinguish表示“区别，区分”；B选项differ表示“不同，

30、有差异”；C选项diagnose表示“诊断”；D选项deviate表示“脱离，偏离，越轨”。分析句子可知，空缺处所缺单词需要和between搭配使用，因此本题正确答案为A选项。短语distinguishbetweenand.表示在两者之间区别。4. 单选题The Department of Transportation and Communications（DOTC. will（ ）the purchase of 48 new Light Rail Vehicles（LRV）for the Metro Rail Transit（MRT）.问题1选项A.proceed withB.proceed

31、 fromC.prevail overD.preside over【答案】A【解析】A选项proceed with表示“继续进行”；B选项proceed from表示“从出发”；C选项prevail over 表示“胜过，占优势”；D选项preside over表示“主持，负责”。由原句句意可知，交通运输部（DOTC.将为地铁（MRT）（ ）_采购48辆新的轻轨车辆（LRV）。所以，只有A选项最符合原文句意。故本题正确答案为A选项。5. 单选题Although he had been given several traffic tickets, the driver（ ）that he had

32、 not been responsible for a single accident.问题1选项A.defendedB.acknowledgedC.inferredD.contended【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。defend辩护；acknowledged承认，确认；inferred 推测；contended 主张，为竞争。句意：尽管他收到了几张交通罚单，但司机辩护称他对这几起交通事故都没有责任。由Although可知前后两句是让步关系。虽然该司机收到几张罚单，但他辩护.故A项符合句意。6. 单选题（ ）for more than five to seven minutes, the b

33、rain will be subjected to irreversible damage.问题1选项A.Oxygen once deprived ofB.Once deprived of oxygenC.Deprived of oxygen onceD.Once oxygen deprived of【答案】B【解析】考查句子结构。该句的主语为the brain。大脑与缺氧之间是被动的关系，即大脑如果被剥夺氧气（缺氧），故可省略主谓，用过去分词作状语。B项正确。句意：大脑一旦缺氧5-7分钟，那么它将会受到不可逆转的损害。7. 单选题Weathering is the breaking down

34、 of rocks, soils and minerals as well as artificial materials through contact with the Earths atmosphere, biota and waters. Weathering occurs in situ, or with no movement, and thus should not be confused with erosion, which involves the movement of rocks and minerals by agents such as water, ice, sn

35、ow, wind and gravity.Two important classifications of weathering processes exist - physical and chemical weathering. Mechanical or physical weathering involves the breakdown of rocks and soils through direct contact with atmospheric conditions, such as heat, water, ice and pressure. The second class

36、ification, chemical weathering, involves the direct effect of atmospheric chemicals or biologically produced chemicals（also known as biological weathering）in the breakdown of rocks, soils and minerals.The materials left over after the rock breaks down combined with organic material creates soil. The

37、 mineral content of the soil is determined by the parent material, thus a soil derived from a single rock type can often be deficient in one or more minerals for good fertility, while a soil weathered from a mix of rock types（as in glacial, aeolian or alluvial sediments）often makes more fertile soil

38、. In addition many of Earths landforms and landscapes are the result of weathering processes combined with erosion and re-deposition.Chemical weathering changes the composition of rocks, often transforming them when water interacts with minerals to create various chemical reactions. Chemical weather

39、ing is a gradual and ongoing process as the mineralogy of the rock adjusts to the near surface environment. New or secondary minerals develop from the original minerals of the rock. In this the processes of oxidation and hydrolysis are most important.The process of mountain block uplift is important

40、 in exposing new rock strata to the atmosphere and moisture, enabling important chemical weathering to occur; significant release occurs of Ca+ and other minerals into surface waters.Rainfall is acidic because atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolves in the rainwater producing weak carbonic acid. In unp

41、olluted environments, the rainfall PH is around 5.6. Acid rain occurs when gases such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are present in the atmosphere. These oxides react in the rain water to produce stronger acids and can lower the PH to 4.5 or even 3.0. Sulfur dioxide, SO2, comes from volcanic

42、eruptions or from fossil fuels, can become sulfuric acid within rainwater, which can cause solution weathering to the rocks on which it falls.Some minerals, due to their natural solubility（e.g. evaporites）, oxidation potential（iron-rich minerals, such as pyrite）, or instability relative to surficial

43、 conditions（see Goldich dissolution series）will weather through dissolution naturally, even without acidic water.1. Which of the following is NOT true about weathering?2. Soil is created by（ ）.3. In chemical weathering,（ ）.4. Rainwater（ ）.5. Which of the following might serve as an appropriate title

44、 for this passage?问题1选项A.It is erosion with no movement when it is caused by water.B.There exist two important classifications of weathering processes.C.It occurs through contact with the Earths atmosphere, biota and waters.D.Both physical and chemical weathering involve the breakdown of rocks and s

45、oils.问题2选项A.erosion and re-depositionB.minerals derived from rocksC.organic material left over by weatheringD.the breakdown of rocks combined with organic material问题3选项A.oxidation and hydrolysis are most important processesB.chemical reactions happen only in waterC.chemical reactions occur very quic

46、klyD.new rocks are formed from reactions问题4选项A.contains weak acid when it is found in areas affected by volcanic eruptionsB.is acidic when it is found in polluted environmentsC.can lower the PH of underground waterD.can cause solution weathering to rocks问题5选项A.Rainwater PollutionB.Weathering of Rock

47、C.The Creation of Fertile SoilD.Physical and Chemical Weathering【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。根据原文第一段第一句可知，风化作用是指岩石、土壤、矿物以及人工材料通过与地球大气、生物群和水的接触而进行分解，可判断C选项表述正确。由原文第二段第二句可知，风化发生在原地，或“发生时没经过运动”，因此不应与侵蚀相混淆，后者涉及水、冰、雪、风和重力等因素造成的岩石和矿物的运动，由此可以判断A选项正确。由第二段第一句可知，存在两种重要的风化作用类型物理风化和化学风化，所以可判断B选项正确。根

48、据原文第二段第二句可知，机械或物理风化包括岩石和土壤通过直接接触大气条件而分解，如热，水，冰和压力。而化学风化（也称为生物风化）主要涉及大气化学物质或生物产生的化学物质对岩石、土壤和矿物的破坏的直接影响。由此可以判断D选项表述错误。故本题正确答案为D选项。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键信息可定位到原文第三段第一句“The materials left over after the rock breaks down combined with organic material creates soil”。由此可知，岩石分解后剩下的物质与有机物质结合形成了土壤。因此本题正确答案为D选项。3.细节事实

49、题。根据题干关键信息“Chemical weathering”定位到原文第四段。由原文信息可知，化学风化改变了岩石的成分，当水与矿物相互作用时，常常使岩石发生变化，产生各种化学反应。化学风化是岩石矿物学逐渐适应近地表环境的过程。新矿物或次生矿物由岩石的原始矿物发展而来。在这个过程中，氧化和水解过程是最重要的。由此可判断A选项表述正确。化学反应在水与矿物相互作用是发生的，并不是在水里，因此可判断B选项错误。化学风化是逐渐发生的过程，因此可判断C选项表述错误。而这些化学反应的产物是新矿物或者次生矿物，并不是岩石，由此可判断D选项表述错误。综上所述，本题正确答案为A选项。4.细节事实题。根据原文第六

50、段第三句“These oxides react in the rain water to produce stronger acids and can lower the PH to 4.5 or even 3.0.”可知，这些氧化物在雨水中发生反应，产生更强的酸，可以将PH值降低到4.5甚至3.0。由此可知，雨水可以降低地下水的PH值。因此，本题正确答案为C选项。5.主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲述的是风化作用的定义，分类以及影响因素，都是围绕风化作用进行的描述。因此B选项最适合作为文章的题目。8. 单选题The republication of the poets most recent wo

51、rks will certainly（ ）his national reputation.问题1选项A.enhanceB.strengthenC.enlargeD.magnify【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。enhance增加，加强，提高；strengthen加强，巩固；enlarge扩大，使增大；magnify放大，赞美。句意：这位诗人最新作品的再版必将提高他在全国的声誉。enhance reputation提高声誉；A项符合题意。9. 单选题China will lower the（ ）for foreigners to come to the country and streamlin

52、e procedures for them to invest and start businesses in China.问题1选项A.measureB.thresholdC.permitD.statute【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项measure表示“测量，措施，程度”，B选项threshold表示“入口，门槛，开始”，C选项permit表示“许可证，执照”，D选项statute表示“法规，法令，条例”。由后文的关键信息“streamline procedures for them to invest and start businesses in China”可知，中国会简

53、化外国人在中国投资和创业的程序，说明中国将会降低外国人来中国的门槛。由此可知，本题正确答案为B选项。10. 单选题Brussels warned that action is needed to avoid the risks of（ ）effects on the French economy, in view of the countrys current economic difficulties and its excessive deficit.问题1选项A.vulgarB.spiralC.divineD.adverse【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项vulgar表示“粗

54、俗的，通俗的”；B选项spiral表示“盘旋的，螺旋的”；C选项divine表示“神圣的，非凡的”；D选项adverse表示“不利的，相反的，敌对的”。由后文中的“the countrys current economic difficulties and its excessive deficit”可知，目前法国的经济状况已经不佳，所以法案的提出需要避免对法国经济产生不利影响。因此，本题正确答案为D选项。11. 单选题If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yours

55、elf, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.If you say to your children Im sorry I got angry with you, but . what follows that but can render the apology ineffective: I had a bad day or your noise was giving me a headache leaves the person who has been injured feelin

56、g that he should- be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say Im sorry youre upset; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.

57、Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying Im useless as a parent does not commit a person to any specific impro

58、vement.These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, childre

59、n still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children, feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling o

60、ther childrens expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-olcl might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parents clothes without permission is not.1. If a mother adds but to an apology,（ ）.2. According to the author, saying

61、Im sorry youre upset most probably means（ ）.3. It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because（ ）.4. We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry（ ）.5. It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is（ ）.问题1选项A.she doesnt feel that she

62、should have apologizedB.she does not realize that the child has been hurtC.the child may find the apology easier to acceptD.the child may feel that, he owes her an apology问题2选项A.You have good reason to get upsetB.Im aware youre upset, but Im not to blameC.I apologize for hurting your feelingsD.Im at fault for making you upset问题3选项A.it gets one into the habit of making empty promisesB.it may make the other person feel guiltyC