2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷11

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1、2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 翻译题Put the following two passages into Chinese.The Olympic Games can be traced back to the ancient times. The Greeks liked all kinds of sports, because sports made the body strong. The games were held every four years and hundreds of thousands of people gathered

2、on vast flatlands to appreciate the competition between athletes from all parts of Greece. The events included running, wrestling, and horse races. There were events for both adults and children. In most of the games, adults and children wore little or no clothing. Instead, oil was spread over the b

3、ody. The trophy was a laurel made of olive leaves. It was the greatest honor to be crowned with a laurel.Hard work enables me to survive the most difficult time in my life abroad, during my first few employments. However, after I joined my current company, my workaholic was soon challenged by my bos

4、s. When I called him at home after office hours for business purpose, he politely reminded me that he preferred talking about work with me later in the office. When the holiday season approached, he always asked me to schedule my leave beforehand. He talked with me about his holiday and also enquire

5、d about mine. For him leave is the right, but also a need.【答案】奥运会可以追溯到古代。希腊人喜欢运动，因为运动能让身体强壮。奥运会每四年一次，成千上万的人聚集在广阔的平地上来观看希腊各地运动员之间的比赛。比赛项目包括跑步、摔跤和赛马。成人和儿童的项目都有。在大部分比赛中，成人和儿童穿得很少或者不穿衣服，全身擦满油。奖杯是用橄榄叶做成的桂冠。被授予桂冠是最高的荣誉。在我最初的几次工作中，努力工作让我度过了在国外生活的最困难时期。然而，在我加入现在的公司后，我的工作狂行为受到了自己老板的挑战。每当我下班后跟他打电话谈论工作时，他礼貌地提醒

6、我他更愿意在上班时间跟我讨论。临近假期时，他总是让我提前安排假期。他经常和我谈论他的假期，也打听我的假期。对于他来说，放假是一种权利，也是一种必要。2. 单选题Given the lack of fit between gifted students and their schools, it is not surprising that such students often have little good to say about their school experience. In one study of 400 adults who had achieved distinctio

7、n in all areas of life, researchers found that three-fifths of these individuals either did badly in school or were unhappy in school. Few MacArthur Prize fellows, winners of the MacArthur Award for creative accomplishment, had good things to say about their pre-collegiate schooling if they had not

8、been placed in advanced programs. Anecdotal reports support this Pablo Picasso, Charles Darwin , Mark Twain, Oliver Goldsmith, and William Butler Yeats all disliked school. So did Winston Churchill, who almost failed out of Harrow, an elite British school. About Oliver Goldsmith, one of his teachers

9、 remarked, “Never was so dull a boy.” Often these children realize that they know more than their teachers, and their teachers often feel that these children are arrogant, inattentive, or unmotivated.Some of these gifted people may have done poorly in school because their gifts were not scholastic.

10、Maybe we can account for Picasso in this way. But most fared poorly in school not because they lacked ability but because they found school unchallenging and consequently lost interest. Yeats described the lack of fit between his mind and school: “Because I had found it difficult to attend to anythi

11、ng less interesting than my own thoughts, I was difficult to teach,” As noted earlier, gifted children of all kinds tend to be strong-willed nonconformists. Nonconforinity and stubbornness are likely to lead to Conflicts with teachers.When highly gifted students in any domain talk about what was imp

12、ortant to the development of their abilities, they are far more likely to mention their families than their schools or teachers. A writing prodigy studied by David Feldman and Lyun Goldsmith was taught far more about writing by his journalist father than his English teacher. High -IQ children, in Au

13、stralia studied by Miraca Gross bad much more positive feelings about their families than their schools. About half of the mathematicians studied by Benjamin Bloom had little good to say about school. They all did well in school and took honors classes when available, and some skipped grades.1.The m

14、ain point the author is making about schools is that（ ）.2.The author quotes the remarks of one of Oliver Goldsmiths teachers（ ）.3.Pablo Picasso is listed among the many gifted children who（ ）.4.Many gifted people attributed their success（ ）.5.The root cause of many gifted students having bad memorie

15、s of their school years is that （ ）.问题1选项A.they should satisfy the needs of students from different family backgroundsB.they are often incapable of catering to the needs of talented studentsC.they should organize their classes according to the students abilityD.they should enroll as many gifted stud

16、ents as possible问题2选项A.to provide support for his argumentB.to illustrate the strong will of some gifted childrenC.to explain how dull students can also be successfulD.to show how poor Olivers performance was at school问题3选项A.paid no attention to their teachers in classB.contradicted their teachers m

17、uch too oftenC.could not cope with their studies at school successfullyD.behaved arrogantly and stubbornly in the presence of their teachers问题4选项A.mainly to parental help and their education at homeB.both to school instruction and to their parents coachingC.more to their parents encouragement than t

18、o school trainingD.Less to their systematic education than to their talent问题5选项A.their nonconformity brought lliem a lot of troubleB.they were seldom praised by their teachersC.school courses failed to inspire or motivate themD.teacher were usually far stricter than their parents【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第

19、4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句提到“如果有天赋的学生与学校互相不适应，也就不奇怪他们对读书经历没什么好感”（Given the lack of fit between gifted students and their schools, it is not surprising that such students often have little good to say about their school experience），选项B“它们经常满足不了有天赋的学生的要求”符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章第一段提到如Oliver Goldsmith这类有天赋的学

20、生不喜欢学校，接下来列举了他们的学校经历来作证，因此作者引用Oliver老师中的一位的话是为了给自己的论证提供事实支持，选项A符合题意。3.细节事实题。文章第二段第一句提到“这些具有天赋的学生中的一些人在学校可能因为天赋不在学业方面，因此表现很差，比如毕加索”（Some of these gifted people may have done poorly in school because their gifts were not scholastic. Maybe we can account for Picasso in this way），因此选项C“无法应对学校里的学习”符合题意。4

21、.细节事实题。文章最后一段第一句提到“当谈到能力培养的重要影响因素时，这些天赋极高的人谈论得更多的是他们的家庭而不是学校或者老师”（When highly gifted students in any domain talk about what was important to the development of their abilities, they are far more likely to mention their families than their schools or teachers），选项A“主要是父母在家里的教育”符合题意。5.细节事实题。文章第二段第三句提到“

22、但是大多数人在学校表现不好，并不是因为他们缺乏能力，而是因为他们觉得学校没有挑战性，因此失去了兴趣”（But most fared poorly in school not because they lacked ability but because they found school unchallenging and consequently lost interest），选项C“学校课程不能鼓励和激发他们的兴趣”符合题意。3. 单选题Grandma Moses is among the most celebrated twentieth century painters of the

23、United States, yet she had barely started painting before she was in her late seventies. As she once said of herself: “I would never sit back in a rocking chair, waiting for someone to help me.” No one could have had a more productive age.She was born Anna Mary Robertson on a farm in New York State,

24、 one of five boys and five girls. (“We came in bunches, like radishes.)At twelve she left home and was in domestic service until, at twenty seven, she married Tomas Moses, the hired hand of one of her employers. They farmed most of their lives, first in Virginia and then in New York State, at Eagle

25、Bridge. She had ten children, of whom five survived; her husband died in 1927. Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery pictures as a hobby, but only switched to oils in old age because her hands had become too stiff to sew and she wanted to keep busy and pass the time. Her pict

26、ures were first sold at the local drugstore and at a fair, and were soon spotted by a dealer who bought everything she painted. Three of the pictures were exhibited in the Museum of Modern Art, and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York. Between the 1930s and her death she produced some 2,

27、000 pictures: detailed and lively portrayals of the rural life she had known for so long, with a marvelous sense of color and form. I think really hard till I think of something really pretty, and then I paint it” she said.1.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?2.According

28、to the passage, Grandma Moses began to paint because she wanted to（ ）.3.From Grandma Moses description of herself in the first paragraph, it can be inferred that she was（ ）.4.Grandma Moses spent most of her life（ ）.5.In line 14, the word “spotted” could best be replaced by（ ）.问题1选项A.Grandma Moses: A

29、 Biographical Sketch.B.The Children of Grandma Moses.C.Grandma Moses: Her Best Exhibition.D.Grandma Moses and Other Older Artists.问题2选项A.decorate her homeB.keep activeC.improve her salaryD.gain an international reputation问题3选项A.independentB.prettyC.wealthyD.timid问题4选项A.nursingB.paintingC.embroiderie

30、sD.farming问题5选项A.speckledB.featuredC.noticedD.damaged【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“最适合做文章标题的是”。文章全文讲述了Grandma Moses的个人及艺术生涯，选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“Grandma Moses开始画画是为了”。文章第一段提到“我不想坐在摇椅上等别人来帮助我”（I would never sit back in a rocking chair, waiting for someone to help me），第二段提到“想让自己把持忙碌来

31、打发时间”（she wanted to keep busy and pass the time），由此可知选项B“保持活跃”符合题意。3.判断推理题。题目问的是“从第一段中Grandma Moses对于自己的描述可以得知”。文章第一段提到“我不想坐在摇椅上等别人来帮助我”（I would never sit back in a rocking chair, waiting for someone to help me），可以看出她是一个非常独立的人，选项A符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“Grandma Moses大部分时间花在了”。文章第二段提到“他们大半生时间是在农场度过的”（They

32、 farmed most of their lives），由此可知选项D符合题意。5.词义题。题目问的是“spotted可以由哪个词代替”。文章第二段中提到“（她的画作）很快被一个经销商，买走了她画的所有东西”（and were soon spotted by a dealer who bought everything she painted），可以推测画作很快被发现，接着被买走，因此，spotted在这里的意思应该是“被发现，被注意到”，选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Just five one-hundredths of an inch thick, light golden in colo

33、r and with a perfect “saddle curl,” the Lays potato chip seems an unlikely weapon for global domination. But its maker, Frito-Lay, thinks otherwise. “Potato chips are a snack food for the world,” said Salman Amin, the companys head of global marketing. Amin believes there is no corner of the world t

34、hat can resist the charms of a Frito-Lay potato chip.Frito-Lay is the biggest snack maker in America owned by PepsiCo, and accounts for over half of the parent companys $3 billion annual profits. But the U.S. snack food market is largely saturated, and to grow, the company has to look overseas.Its s

35、trategy rests on two beliefs: first, a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete, and second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to “global” as a concept “Global” does not mean products that are consciously identified as American, but ones that consumers-es

36、pecially young people see as part of a modem, innovative（创新的）world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes. Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for instance, do not know that Frito-Lay is an American company. Instead, Riskey, the companys researc

37、h and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business.With brand perception a crucial factor, Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay logo（标识）.The logo, along with the companys long-held marketing image of the “irresistibility” of its

38、 chips would help facilitate the companys global expansion.The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism. Later, they see Frito-Lay as spreading the benefits of free enterprise across the worl

39、d. “Were making products in those countries, were adapting them to the tastes of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives.” said Steve Reinemund, PepsiCos chief executive.1.It is the belief of Frito-Lays head of global marketing that（ ）.2.What do we learn about Fr

40、ito-Lay from Paragraph2?3.One of the assumptions on which Lay bases its development strategy is that（ ）.4.Why did Riskey have the Frito-Lay logo redesigned?5.Frito-Lays executives claim that the promoting of American food in the international market（ ）.问题1选项A.Potato chips can hardly be used as a wea

41、pon to dominate the world marketB.Their company must find new ways to promote domestic salesC.The light golden color enhances the charm of their companys potato chipsD.People all over the world enjoy eating their companys potato chips问题2选项A.Its products used to be popular among overseas consumers.B.

42、Its expansion has caused fierce competition in the snack marker.C.It gives half of its annual profits to its parent company.D.It needs to turn to the world market for development.问题3选项A.consumers worldwide today are attracted by global brandsB.local brands cannot compete successfully with American b

43、randsC.products suiting Chinese consumers needs bring more profitsD.products identified as American will have promising market value问题4选项A.To suit changing tastes of young consumers.B.To promote the companys strategy of globalization.C.To change the companys long held marketing image.D.To compete wi

44、th other American chip producers.问题5选项A.wont affect the eating habits of the local peopleB.will lead to economic imperialismC.will be in the interest of the local peopleD.wont spoil the taste of their chips【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“菲多利全球市场主管相信”。文章第一段提到“薯片是全世界人民的零食”（Potato chips

45、are a snack food for the world），“全世界没有任何人能抵挡住薯条的魅力”（there is no corner of the world that can resist the charms of a Frito-Lay potato chip），由此可知选项D“全世界人都爱吃他们公司生产的薯条”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据第二段，我们可以了解到菲多利”。文章第二段提到“菲多利是美国最大的零食生产者但美国的零食市场差不多已经饱和，所以它不得不转向海外市场” （the company has to look overseas），由此可知菲多利需要打开全

46、球市场来寻求发展，选项D符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“菲多利发展策略依据的假设是”。文章第三段提到了菲多利的两个信念，一是全球性产品具有地方产品不能与之抗衡的规模经济；一是二十一世纪的消费者为“全球性”所吸引，选项A“全球的消费者为全球品牌所吸引”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“Riskey重新设计将菲多利标识的原因是”。文章第四段提到“（新设计的标识）能够帮助加速公司的全球扩张”（help facilitate the companys global expansion），因此选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。题目问的是“菲多利的主管们称美国食品在国际市场的推广”。文章最后一段提

47、到将在那些国家生产产品，让产品迎合当地人的口味，雇佣那里的工人，改变他们的生活（Were making products in those countries, were adapting them to the tastes of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives），选项C“有利于当地人”符合题意。5. 翻译题Put the following two passages into English.众所周知，莎士比亚(Shakespeare)是英国著名的伟大作家，在很多国家，

48、他的许多作品拥有众多读者。我想大家都看过他的著名作品罗米欧与朱丽叶 （Romeo and Juliet),他们之间的爱情令人永生难忘。朱丽叶似乎舍不得罗米欧离开她，正像罗米欧不愿意离开他的朱丽叶一样，对于情人来说，最甜蜜的音乐就是他们在夜间互吐衷肠的声音。我们每个人都应活在这个充满爱的世界里，因此，我们每时每刻都需要你的关爱、你的祈祷和鼓励。我们要相互尊重，相互帮助。我们必须珍惜人生，珍惜生命。 因为生命对每个人来说都只有一次。所以我们都要过一种有意义的生活。如果人生的不幸降临到你的头上，请你也不要放弃，你一定要勇敢地生活，战胜疾病。幸福永远属于那些对生命执着追求的人。【答案】As is kn

49、own to all, Shakespeare is a famous and great British writer, with numerous readers in many countries. Im sure that everyone has already read his masterpiece, Romeo and Juliet. The love between Romeo and Juliet is always unforgettable. Juliet seems to be reluctant to let Romeo go from her as Romeo i

50、s unwilling to part from his Juliet. For lovers, the sweetest music is the sound of each others tongue at night.Each of us deserves to live in a world of love, so we need your love, your prayers and your encouragement, mutual respect and aid all the time. We must cherish life, for there is only one

51、life for everyone. Therefore, the lifetime should be spent in a meaningful way. No matter what kind of misfortune befalls you, do not give up, instead, you must live bravely to conquer disease. Happiness always belongs to those who pursue life persistently.6. 单选题Nowadays, a cell-phone service is ava

52、ilable to everyone, everywhere. Probably thousands of people have already been using it, but I just discovered it, so Im going to claim it and also name it: Fake Foning.The technology has been working well for me at the office, but there are infinite applications, virtually in any public space.Say y

53、ou work at a big university with lots of talky faculty members buzzing about. Now, say you need to use the restroom. The trip down the hall will take approximately one hour, because a person cant walk into those talky people without getting pulled aside for a question, a bit of gossip, a new read on

54、 a certain line of Paradise Lost.So, a cell-phone. Any cell-phone. Just pick it up. Dont dial. Just hold that phone to your face and start talking. Walk confidently down the hall engaged in fake conversation, making sure to tailor both the topic and content to the person standing before you whom you

55、 are trying to evade.For standard colleague avoidance, I suggest fake chatting about fake business: “Yes, Im glad you called, because we really need to hammer out the details. Whats that? Yes, I read Page 12, but if you look at the bottom of 4, I think you can see the problem begins right there.”Be

56、animated. Be engaged in your fake fone conversation. Make eye contact with the people passing nod to them, gesture keen interest in talking to them al a later time, point to your Phone, shrug and move on.Shoppers should consider fake foning anytime they spot a talky neighbor in the produce departmen

57、t pinching(用手捏)unripe peaches. Without your phone at your face, youd be in for a 20-minute speech on how terrible the world is.One important caution about fake foning. The other day I was fake foning my way past a colleague, and he was actually following me to get my attention. I knew he wanted to a

58、sk about a project I had not yet finished. I was trying to buy myself some time, so 1 continued fake foning with my doctor. So I dont need the operation? Oh, doctor, that is the best news.”And then: Biirnig! Binurg! Bnnrrg! My phone started ringing, right there while it was planted on my face. My co

59、lleague looked at me, and I at him, and naturally I gasped. “What is the matter with this thing?” I said, pulling the phone away to look at it, and then putting it back to my car. “Hello? Are you still there?” Oops1.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?2.What is fake foning?3.In the author

60、s opinion, in order to make fake foning look real one has to（ ）.4.What does the last example show?5.After his phone suddenly began ringing, the author（ ）.问题1选项A.Cell-phone service is popular among people.B.Cell-phone has much use in office.C.Fake foning is a new cell-phone service.D.Fake foning is a

61、 new discovery.问题2选项A.A strategy to avoid people.B.A device newly produced.C.A service provided everywhere.D.A skill of communication.问题3选项A.talk about interesting mattersB.behave politely to people passing byC.hold the phone while walkingD.appear absorbed in conversation问题4选项A.One effective way is

62、to fake fone ones doctor.B.One has to be careful while fake foning.C.Fake foning may not deceive people.D.Fake foning is always quite successful.问题5选项A.immediately started talking to the callerB.immediately started talking to his colleagueC.put the phone away and stopped talkingD.continued with his

63、fake conversatio【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列表述哪个是不正确的”。文章第一段提到“也许成千上万人已经开始使用，但是我刚刚才知道”（Probably thousands of people have already been using it, but I just discovered it, so Im going to claim it and also name it: Fake Foning），由此可知，fake foning已经出现很久了，并不是才出现，所以选项C的陈述“新功能”是不正确的，符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“假装打电话是什么”。文章第五段提到“ 去避开同事的标准的假打电话，我建议假聊业务”（For standard colleague avoidance, I suggest fake chatting about fake business），由此可知选项A“避开人的一个策略”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，为了让假装打电话看起来逼真，应该”。文章第六段前面两句提到“假装打电话要逼真与专注”（Be animated. Be engaged in y