2022年考博英语-浙江大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷62

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1、2022年考博英语-浙江大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题In the past, consumers were often cheated or ( ) into buying goods by business firms and they could hardly do anything about it.问题1选项A.confusedB.misledC.forcedD.puzzled【答案】B【解析】confused使迷惑；misled误导；forced被迫，强迫；puzzled使困惑。句意：在过去，消费者经常被商业公司欺骗或误导而购买商品，他们对此几乎无能为力。

2、选项B符合句意。2. 单选题Have you ever felt your life go into slow motion as you realize something bad is happening? You might have just knocked over a wine glass or noticed a car hurtling towards you, for example. Now scientists have measured exactly how much these attention-grabbing events slow down our perc

3、eption of the world around us.Another example of the world appearing to slow down is when you are hanging on the phone waiting for someone to pick up at the other end. If your attention wanders while youre waiting, then suddenly switches back, you will probably hear what seems like a longer than usu

4、al silence before hearing the dialing tone again. For you, time will have momentarily slowed.To see how our perception of time changes when something new happens, Vincent Walsh and his colleagues put headphones on volunteers and played eight beeps to their right ears. The gap between each beep was e

5、xactly 1 second, except for the gap between the fourth and fifth beeps, which the scientists could make shorter or longer. They altered the length of this gap until the volunteers estimated it was the same length as the other gaps. The researchers found that, on average, people judge a second slight

6、ly short, at 955 milliseconds.In the second part of the experiment, the first four beeps were played to the subjects right ear, but the other four were then played to their left. Again, the volunteers were asked to estimate when the gap between the fourth and fifth beeps was the same as the others.

7、This time they judged a second to be even shorter as 825 milliseconds long.Perceiving a second to be much shorter than it is makes you feel as though the world has gone into slow motion, since less happens in that slice of time. Walsh thinks the effect could have evolved to give us a fraction more t

8、ime to react to potentially threatening events.Last year, Kieran Yarrow, a British psychologist found a similar effect with vision. When you glance at a clock, the first second will seem longer than it really is.Yarrows results showed that time appear to slow down by a similar amount as Walsh found.

9、 Previous studies have shown that cooling the body slows down our perception of time while warming it up has the opposite effect.1.After you noticed a car hurtling towards you, you might feel that（ ） .2.According to the passage, hanging on the phone waiting for someone to pick up at the other end, y

10、ou might（ ）.3.Vincent Walsh and his colleagues did the experiment in order to（ ）.4.What have Vincent and his colleagues found through the experiment?5.From the passage we can infer that when we are hot, well feel time（ ）.问题1选项A.the world around you had slowed downB.something bad was going to happenC

11、.life had suddenly become meaninglessD.peoples life was so fragile问题2选项A.have a high concentration of mind.B.feel very annoyed at the people on the other endC.feel time is somehow slowed downD.be unable to hear the dialing tone问题3选项A.see which ear is more sensitive to beepsB.find out the relationshi

12、p between time and lifeC.study how time changes at the 4 and 5h beepsD.observe how peoples perception of time changes问题4选项A.The left ear of people is more sensitive than the right one.B.People judge a second to be slightly shorter than it really is.C.Research subjects are less accurate than research

13、ers in judging a second.D.Normally a second is in fact either 955 milliseconds or 825 milliseconds.问题5选项A.runs fasterB.stops all togetherC.runs slowerD.reverses its direction【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.根据第一段的最后一句“Now scientists have measured exactly how much these attention-grabbing events sl

14、ow down our perception of the world around us.”科学家们精确地测量了这些引人注目的事件在多大程度上减慢了我们对周围世界的感知。选项A符合原文。2.根据第二段的内容可知，当你在等待电话另一端的人接电话的时候，你会觉得时间暂时慢了下来。选项C正确。3.根据第三段的第一句“To see how our perception of time changes when something new happens, Vincent Walsh and his colleagues put headphoneson volunteers and played e

15、ight beeps to their right ears.”Vincent Walsh和他的同事们做实验是为了了解当新事物发生时，我们对时间的感知是如何变化的。选项D符合原文。4.Vincent和同事们做的实验，两个部分都得出一个结论，那就是人们认为一秒钟的时间比实际时间要短。选项B正确。5.根据最后一段的最后一句“Previous studies have shown that cooling the body slows down our perception of time while warming it up has the opposite effect.”以前的研究表明，给身

16、体降温会减缓我们对时间的感知，而给身体升温则会产生相反的效果，也就是会加快我们对时间的感知，认为时间比实际时间要快。选项A正确。3. 单选题The report mentioned that some important people had attended the closing（ ）.问题1选项A.surgeonB.suspicionC.ceremonyD.target【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。surgeon外科；suspicion怀疑；ceremony仪式；target目标。句意：这篇报道提到一些重量级人物参加了此次闭幕式。选项C符合句意。4. 单选题I feel quite c

17、onfident in（ ）Mr. Jackson to you for the vacant post of research assistant.问题1选项A.submittingB.proclaimingC.recallingD.recommending【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。submitting提交；proclaiming宣告，赞扬；recalling回顾，回想；recommending推荐，举荐。根据句意：我很有信心向您推荐杰克逊先生担任研究助理。选项D符合句意。5. 单选题Do you forget to turn off the lights and heaters wh

18、en you go out of a room? In 2040 it （1 ） not matter. They will turn themselves off and on again when you（2 ）. You will choose the temperatures for each room, the lighting and the humidity. A sensor （3 ） the presence of a human (and, with luck, ignore the dog!) and turn the systems on, and when the h

19、umans （4） it will turn them off again.The sensors will work through the central home computer and they will do （5 ） more than just turn the fires and lights on and （6 ） for you. They will detect（7 ） electrical appliances, plugs or switches, isolate them （8 ） they cannot harm anyone, and then （9 ） yo

20、u that they need repair.They will detect fire and if you are out of the （10） , the computer will call the fire brigade. It will also （11） the police （12） the sensors detect（13） intruder. This will not be too difficult （14 ）the locks on the outside doors will be electronic. You will open them using y

21、our personal card the one you use for shopping maybe using a（15） known only to you. It will be （16） to lose the keys, and a housebreaker will have to （17） with the lock or with a window. It is not very difficult to make such tampering and （18） a signal to the computer.The computer will be more than

22、a fireman-policeman-servant. It will be an （19） , and most of your entertainment will come right into your home. It does now, of course, but by 2040“entertainment” will mean much more. For one thing, you will be able to take part （20）, rather thanjust watching.问题1选项A.willB.doC.canD.could问题2选项A.go ou

23、tB.returnC.run outD.go away问题3选项A.will detectB.detectC.detectedD.detecting问题4选项A.comeB.leaveC.stayD.stand问题5选项A.manyB.muchC.a lot ofD.all问题6选项A.offB.onC.awayD.in问题7选项A.faultB.faultlessC.faultyD.faultiness问题8选项A.so muchB.so thatC.in thatD.by that问题9选项A.warnsB.warnedC.warningD.warn问题10选项A.houseB.homeC

24、.roomD.unit问题11选项A.sendB.takeC.bringD.call问题12选项A.shouldB.couldC.canD.would问题13选项A.aB.theC.anD.some问题14选项A.becauseB.whereC.whyD.how问题15选项A.figureB.amountC.numberD.sum问题16选项A.impossibleB.impossibilityC.impossiblyD.possibly问题17选项A.hamperB.dealC.handleD.tamper问题18选项A.sentB.will sendC.sendD.sending问题19选

25、项A.entertainB.entertainingC.entertainerD.entertainment问题20选项A.activelyB.passivelyC.inactivelyD.possibly【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B第6题:A第7题:C第8题:B第9题:D第10题:A第11题:D第12题:A第13题:C第14题:A第15题:C第16题:A第17题:D第18题:C第19题:C第20题:A【解析】（1）语法知识。根据In 2040可知句子的时态应为将来时，所以本题选A。（2）动词词义辨析和上下文语义。根据上文提到的：当你走出房间时，你会忘记关灯和暖气

26、吗?到2040年这可能就不是一个问题了。因为当你回来的时候，它们会自动开关。所以选项B符合原文。（3）语法知识。根据上下文可知，这里的时态应该为将来时。所以本题选A。（4）动词词义辨析和上下文语义。上文提到：传感器将检测到一个人的存在并打开系统。所以当人离开的时候它就会再次关掉。选项B符合原文。（5）语法知识和固定搭配。选项中只有much能够修饰形容词或副词的比较级，构成much more than结构，意为“不仅仅，远远超过”。所以选项B正确。（6）上下文语义。根据句意：这里指传感器不仅仅只是为你打开或者关上火和灯。选项A符合原文。（7）同根词辨析。fault为名词，故障；faultless

27、完美的；无缺点的;faulty有缺点的；faultiness不完善的。填空处应为形容词用来修饰electrical appliances，这里指传感器将会检测出故障的家用电器，选项C符合原文。（8）逻辑关系。根据填空处的前后句可知两者构成因果关系，所以本题选B。in that既然，由于。（9）语法知识。根据上文的“They will detect.”这里与其构成并列谓语，填入动词原形即可。选项D正确。（10）out of the house为固定搭配，意为不在家。选项A正确。（11）call the police为固定搭配，意为呼叫警察。根据上文的“call the fire brigade”

28、和本句中的“also”也可以推断出选项D正确。（12）逻辑关系和虚拟语气。这里实际是省略了if的虚拟语气，将were, had或should放在句首用于倒装。所以本题选A。（13）冠词用法。这里是泛指侵入者，所以选项C正确。（14）逻辑关系。根据句意：这不会太难， 外面门上的锁是电子锁。前后构成因果关系，所以选项A正确。（15）名词词义辨析和上下文语义。根据常识可推断，电子锁可以刷卡或者设置一个只有自己知道的密码即可。所以选项C符合原文逻辑。（16）同根词辨析和语法结构。根据原文可知，有了电子锁，就没有丢钥匙的可能性了。填空处应填入形容词impossible，所以选项A正确。（17）动词词义辨

29、析。根据句意以及下文的“make such tampering”可知这里应填入tamper。所以本题选D。（18）语法知识。根据and以及前面的“to make”可知，这里填入动词原形即可。所以本题选C。（19）同根词辨析。entertain为动词，娱乐，招待；entertaining为形容词，令人愉快的；entertainer 演艺人员，表演者；entertainment为名词，娱乐，消遣。根据前面的an可知，填空处应为名词，排除选项A和B。（20）副词词义辨析。根据原文：你将能够积极参与，而不仅仅是观看。前后形成对比，所以选项A符合原文语境。passively被动地；inactively不

30、活动地；possibly可能地。6. 单选题The company is on the verge of bankruptcy, and thousands of jobs are at（ ）.问题1选项A.dangerB.lossC.threatD.stake【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。at loss困惑不解；at stake凶吉难卜；选项A和C通常不和at搭配。句意：这家公司濒临破产，成千上万的工作岗位岌岌可危。选项D符合句意。7. 单选题Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial s

31、ystem will（ ）down the economy.问题1选项A.putB.settleC.dragD.knock【答案】C【解析】动词词组辨析。put down放下；settle down安居，安定下来；drag down向下拖，其比喻义为：使衰弱，拖垮；knock down击倒，拆卸。句意：没人知道金融体系的动荡会拖垮经济多长时间、有多严重。根据how long and how seriously可知，选项C更符合语境。8. 单选题All parts of this sewing machine are（ ）so that it is very simple to get repl

32、acements for them.问题1选项A.maximizedB.minimizedC.optimizedD.standardized【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析。maximized最大化的；minimized最小化的；optimized最优化的；standardized标准化的。句意：这台缝纫机的所有部件都是标准化的，所以更换起来很方便。故答案为D。9. 单选题Both civilization and culture are fairly modern words, having come into prominent use during the 19th century by a

33、nthropologists, historians, and literary figures. There has been a strong tendency to use them interchangeably as though they mean the same thing, but they are not the same.Although modern in their usage, the two words derived from ancient Latin. The word civilization is based on the Latin civis, of

34、 a city. Thus civilization, in its most essential meaning, is the ability of people to live together harmoniously in cities, in social groupings. From this definition it would seem that certain insects, such as ants or bees, are also civilized. They live and work together in social groups. So do som

35、e microorganisms. But there is more to civilization, and that is what culture brings to it. So, civilization is inseparable from culture.The word culture is derived from the Latin verb colere, “to till the soil”. But colere also has a wider range of meanings. It may, like civis, mean inhabiting a to

36、wn or village. But most of its definitions suggest a process of starting and promoting growth and development. One may cultivate a garden; one may also cultivate ones interests, mind, and abilities. In its modern use the word culture refers to all the positive aspects and achievements of humanity th

37、at make mankind different from the rest of the animal world. Culture has grown out of creativity, a characteristic that seems to be unique to human beings.One of the basic and best-known features of civilization and culture is the presence of tools. But more important than their simple existence is

38、that the tools are always being improved and enlarged upon, a result of creativity. It took thousands of years to get from the first wheel to the latest, most advanced model of automobile.It is the concept of humans as toolmakers and improvers that differentiates them from other animals. A monkey ma

39、y use a stick to knock a banana from a tree, but that stick will never, through a monkeys cleverness, be modified into a hook or a ladder. Monkeys have never devised a spoken language, written a book, composed a melody, built a house, or painted a portrait. To say that birds build nests and beavers

40、their dens is to miss the point. People once lived in caves, but their cleverness, imagination and creativity led them to progress beyond caves to buildings.1.What does the author think of the words “civilization” and “culture”？2.According to the author the word “civilization” originally refers to（）

41、.3.The Latin verb colere originally means “（ ） ”.4.The author believes that creativity（ ） .5.The author mentions monkeys in the last paragraph to show that（ ） .问题1选项A.They are identical.B.They are different concepts.C.They can often be used interchangeably.D.They are denied differently by different

42、people.问题2选项A.peoples way of life in cities.B.peoples ability to live together in cities.C.a type of social organizations.D.an advanced level of social life.问题3选项A.live in a city.B.develop oneself.C.promote growthD.cultivate the land问题4选项A.is a unique feature of civilized beings.B.brings forth the i

43、mprovement of tools.C.is the result of human development.D.helps the advance of culture.问题5选项A.monkeys are the same as birds.B.people once lived in caves like monkeys.C.monkeys can never develop into human beings.D.man is different from other animals such as monkeys.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】

44、1.根据第一段的最后一句“There has been a strong tendency to use them interchangeably as though they mean the same thing, but they are not the same.”人们经常把它们互换使用，就好像它们的意思是一样的，但其实它们是不一样的。选项B正确。2.根据第二段的第三句“Thus civilization, in its most essential meaning, is the ability of people to live together harmoniously in c

45、ities, in social groupings. ”文明从最基本的意义上说，是人们在城市或社会团体中和谐地生活在一起的能力。选项B符合原文。3.根据第三段的第一句可知colere最初的意思是“to till the soil”，也就是耕耘土地。选项D正确。4.根据第四段的第二句“But more important than their simple existence is that the tools are always being improved and enlarged upon, a result of creativity. ”工具总是在不断改进和扩大，这是创造性的结果。

46、选项B符合原文。5.根据最后一段的第一句“It is the concept of humans as toolmakers and improvers that differentiates them from other animals.”。选项D正确。10. 单选题As a defense against air-pollution damage, many plants and animals（ ）a substance to absorb harmful chemicals.问题1选项A.relieveB.releaseC.dismissD.discard【答案】B【解析】形近词词义

47、辨析。relieve解除，减轻；release释放；dismiss 解散，解雇；discard 抛弃，丢弃。句意：许多动植物会释放一种物质来吸收有害的化学物质。选项B符合句意。11. 单选题It was difficult to build a power station in the deep valley, but it（ ）as we had hoped.问题1选项A.came offB.went offC.brought outD.made out【答案】A【解析】came off 举行，成功；went off爆炸，离去；brought out 出版，生产；made out理解，辨认出

48、。句意：在深谷里建发电站是困难的，但正如我们所希望的那样成功了。选项A符合句意。12. 单选题The character of European education demands that the student develop （1 ） and social individuality. The American student is given a choice between relying on himself （2 ） on others.Scholastically, the fundamental difference is between the European lectu

49、re system and the American discussion system. The European system is both the strength and the limit of European education. The strength is the challenge（3 ）the student to rely on himself; the system imposes a limit because it is（4 ）, and at times even cruelly, qualitative: only a few are able to su

50、rvive.A second difference is the American campus, a term which has no（5 ）in Europe. There, the campus is formed （6 ）by the various classrooms, faculty offices and laboratories. No extracurricular activities are carried on. The students and the professors go to the universities when they have classes

51、 and leave as soon as they are（7 ） The European universities provide no social life; on the （8 ）, it creates an asocial atmosphere. The student （9 ） never organizes campus activities: everything is left to the（10 ） of the individual students.In the （11） of these considerations, I think I can answer

52、the challenge of that pretty coed, though my answer is bound to be incomplete. My_（12） to the American educational system are two. The first（13）American students. What（14） me most about them is their conformity and their fear of （15）. Perhaps campus life （16） by necessity to conformity. Almost every

53、 student belongs to at least two organizations. What is the（17） of this associative mania,（18）not the basic to be supported by people who think_（19） and sympathize with the same idea? Nobody likes being alone, but it seems to me that American students like（20）too much.问题1选项A.intellectualB.intangible

54、C.inquisitiveD.ingenious问题2选项A.andB.orC.fromD.with问题3选项A.ofB.toC.forD.with问题4选项A.strictlyB.vigorouslyC.rigorousD.rigid问题5选项A.equationB.equalC.equatorD.equivalent问题6选项A.exceptionallyB.exclusivelyC.extraordinarily.D.extensively问题7选项A.awayB.outC.overD.in问题8选项A.contraryB.oppositionC.contrastD.conversati

55、on问题9选项A.bodyB.unityC.structureD.constitution问题10选项A.creativeB.initiativeC.originalD.imaginative问题11选项A.lightB.accordanceC.correspondenceD.virtue问题12选项A.reactionsB.respondsC.repliesD.reflections问题13选项A.involvesB.concernsC.includesD.relates问题14选项A.appealedB.solicitedC.struckD.astounded问题15选项A.depende

56、nceB.desolationC.relianceD.isolation问题16选项A.contendsB.intendsC.attendsD.tends问题17选项A.reasonB.excuseC.backgroundD.cause问题18选项A.whetherB.butC.ifD.as问题19选项A.likelyB.alikeC.likelihoodD.like问题20选项A.companionB.fellowshipC.mateD.company【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D第6题:B第7题:C第8题:A第9题:A第10题:B第11题:A第12题:A第13题

57、:A第14题:C第15题:D第16题:D第17题:D第18题:B第19题:B第20题:A【解析】（1）intellectual智力的，聪明的；intangible无形的，难以理解的；inquisitive好奇的，好问的；ingenious精致的，心灵手巧的。句意：欧洲教育的特点要求学生发展智力和社会个性。选项A符合原文。（2）根据句意：美国学生可以选择依靠自己或者依靠别人。选项B符合句意。（3）根据原文句意：力量是学生依靠自己的挑战。（4）strictly严格的；vigorously活泼的，精力旺盛的；rigorous严厉的，严酷的； rigid严格的，僵硬的。根据下文：这个体系有时甚至是残酷

58、地定性的：只有少数能够生存下来。cruelly为副词，相应的，前面也应该填入副词，一起修饰形容词qualitative，所以选项A正确。（5）根据句子结构可知填空处应为名词。equation等式；equal对手；equator赤道；equivalent等价物。句意：这一术语在欧洲没有相对应的词。选项D符合原文。（6）exceptionally异常地，特殊地；exclusively唯一地，专有地；extraordinarily非常，格外地；extensively广阔地。句意：在那里，校园仅仅由各种教室、教师办公室和实验室组成。表示其单一性，选项B符合原文。（7）根据原文：学生和教授有课的时候就去

59、学校，课程一结束就离开。选项C符合句意。（8）on the contrary为固定搭配，表示相反的。根据句意：欧洲的大学不提供社会生活；相反，它创造了一种社会氛围。（9）student body指全体学生，是学生的总称。（10）根据原文：一切都在于学生自己主动。选项B符合句意。（11）In the light of为固定搭配，意为根据，按照，由于。选项A符合句意。（12）这里指我对美国教育体制的反应。选项A符合原文。（13）involves涉及；concerns关注；includes包括；relates通常与介词to搭配。句意：第一个涉及美国的学生。选项A符合句意。（14）appealed吸引

60、；solicited请求；struck打击；astounded使震惊。句意：最让我感到震惊的是他们的顺从和。选项C和D都有震惊的意思，但astounded的主语应该在前面，sb. astounded，所以选项C正确。（15）desolation废墟，荒芜；isolation孤立。原文应该指对孤立感到恐惧。选项D符合句意。（16）tends to趋向于。句意：也许校园生活必然趋于一致。选项D符合原文。（17）根据原文：这种联想狂热的原因是什么。cause表原因，符合原文。（18）but not指绝不是，除了之外。句意：但绝不是那些想法相同或者同情相同想法的人所支持的基础。（19）根据句中的the same idea可知，这里应该指想法相同，think alike符合句意。（20）根据原文：没有人喜欢独处，但在我看来，美国学生太喜欢 了。