2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷22

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1、2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Hard work and malnutrition （ ）his health and he looked thin and pale.问题1选项A.impairedB.promotedC.acceleratedD.smashed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。impair意为“损害，削弱”；promote意为“促进，推进”；accelerate意为“加快，增速”；smash意为“打碎，打破”。句意：繁重的工作和营养不良损害了他的健康，他看上去又瘦又苍白。2. 单选题How much a person can e

2、arn is not always a good（ ）of real success in life.问题1选项A.essenceB.decreeC.qualificationD.criterion【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。essence意为“本质，实质”；decree意为“法令，命令”；qualification意为“资格，授权”；criterion意为“（批评、判断等的）标准，准则”。句意：一个人能挣多少钱并不总是判断生活中真正成功的好标准。3. 单选题It is through learning that the individual （ ）many habitual ways o

3、f reacting to situations.问题1选项A.acquiresB.achievesC.gainsD.retains【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。acquire意为“获得，取得”，指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等；achieve意为“取得”，指成就、目标、幸福的取得；gain意为“获得”，指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；retain意为“保持，保留”。句意：正是通过学习，个人才能获得处理各种情况的习惯做法。4. 单选题Greater effort to increase agricultural production must be made if food short

4、age（ ）avoided.问题1选项A.is to beB.can beC.will beD.has been【答案】A【解析】考查将来时。be to do sth.意为“计划、安排或命令要做的事”，此处含有强制要求做某事，因此选A。will表示一般的将来，或者临时决定做某事；can be能够（避免）不符合句意；has been表示已经避免更不符合句意句意：如果要避免食物短缺，就必须作出更大的努力来增加农业产量。5. 单选题How many of us （ ）, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in th

5、e discussion?问题1选项A.attendedB.attendingC.to attendD.have attended【答案】B【解析】考查分词作定语。分析句子结构，“say”为插入语，“that is irrelevant to us”为定语，句中主干为：How many of us a meeting would be interested in the discussion? would be interested in是谓语，那么空格处为非谓语动词，作定语修饰名词us。不定式作定语表未发生的，现在分词作定语表主动关系，所指的时间既可以指过去，也可指现在。过去分词作定语表被动

6、关系，因此选B。句意：比如说，参加一个与我们毫不相干的会议，那么我们当中有多少人会对会议上的讨论感兴趣呢？6. 单选题I dont think the building was well（ ） and constructed.问题1选项A.deceivedB.perceivedC.conceivedD.achieved【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。deceive意为“欺诈”；perceive意为“意识到，察觉到”；conceive意为“想出，构想，设想”；achieve意为“取得”。句意：我觉得这栋建筑构思不太巧妙，也修建得不太好。7. 单选题The laughter at his joke

7、s is never forced, but always（ ）.问题1选项A.homogeneousB.simultaneousC.spontaneousD.instantaneous【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。homogeneous意为“同性质的，同类的”；simultaneous意为“同时发生的，同时存在的”；spontaneous意为“自发的”；instantaneous意为“瞬间的”。句意：他讲笑话时人们从来不是被迫笑的，而是自发的笑。8. 单选题I just managed to（ ）a quick breath before I was sucked under the w

8、ater by the passing boat.问题1选项A.snatchB.scratchC.scrapeD.scan【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。snatch意为“夺去，抢走，抓紧时间做，趁机获得”；scratch意为“挠，划破，抓破”；scrape意为“刮掉，削去，擦坏”；scan意为“细看，浏览，扫描”。句意：在我被那艘过往的船吸到水里之前，我设法赶紧快速地吸了口气。9. 单选题Leonardo just discovered that his passport had （ ）three months ago.问题1选项A.constrainedB.abolishedC.amend

9、edD.expired【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。constrain意为“强迫”；abolish意为“废除，废止”；amend意为“改良，修改”；expire意为“(因到期而) 失效，到期”。句意：Leonardo刚刚发现他的护照已经过期三个月了。10. 单选题As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an even earlier age. This isnt the stuff of gloomy

10、 philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europes new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over the la

11、st century. The communications revolution the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on（扰乱）Europeans private lives.Europes new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The cur

12、rent generation of home-aloners came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American-style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, todays tech-savvy （精通技术的）workers have embraced a free market in love as w

13、ell as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, part

14、icularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and ligh

15、t. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful and strong! Now, young people want to live alone.The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesnt leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in

16、 Paris, says he hasnt got time to get lonely because he has too much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult.” Only an ideal woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufrnann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charming,”

17、thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates, so relationships dont last long if they start at all. Eppendorf a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just s

18、hy of 50, she says shed never have wanted to do what her mother did give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.”1.More and more young Europeans remain single because （ ）.2.What is said about European society in the passage?3.Accordi

19、ng to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are（ ）.4.The author quotes Eppendorf to show that（ ）.5.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?问题1选项A.they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualismB.they have entered the workforce at a much earlier ageC.they have embraced a busin

20、ess culture of stabilityD.they are pessimistic about their economic future问题2选项A.It has fostered the trend towards small families.B.It is getting closer to American style capitalism.C.It has limited consumer choice despite a free market.D.It is being threatened by irresistible privatization.问题3选项A.w

21、arm and light heatedB.on either side of marriageC.negative and gloomyD.healthy and wealthy问题4选项A.some modern women prefer a life of individual freedomB.the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day EuropeC.some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonelyD.most Euro

22、peans conceive living a single life as unacceptable问题5选项A.To review the impact of women becoming high earners.B.To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.C.To examine the trend of young people living alone.D.To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:

23、C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the irresistible momentum of individualism over the last century.（一位法国社会学家认为，从家庭生活到独处生活方式的转变，是上个世纪“不可抗拒的个人主义势头”的一部分）可知A选项“他们受到强烈的个人主义的驱使”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的The current generation of ho

24、me-aloners came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American-style capitalism.（在欧洲从社会民主向更尖锐、更个人主义的美国式资本主义转变的过程中，当代的独居者逐渐成熟）可知B选项“欧洲社会越来越接近美国式的资本主义”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who i

25、ncreasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice.They were young, beautiful and strong!（最新一批单身人士是三四十岁的高收入者，他们越来越认为独居是一种生活方式的选择他们年轻，漂亮，强壮！）可知D选项“健康和富有”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.（我总是做我想做的事：过一种自主的生活）可知A选项“一些现代女性更喜欢个人自由的生活”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章第一段

26、讲述了越来越多的欧洲人选择在年轻时保持单身；第二段讲述了欧洲经济的发展促进了独立趋势，使人们具有独立生活的能力；第三段讲述了越来越多的高收入者选择独居生活；第四段举例人们选择单身的原因与个人事业发展有关。本文一直都是围绕单身这个主题来展开阐述，已经成为一种趋势，因此C选项“研究年轻人独居的趋势”符合题意。11. 问答题With (A) the word scientist we mean one who is equipped to (B) spend a lifetime for (C) the advancement of science to the best (D) of ones a

27、bility.【答案】试题答案：A; By【解析】考查介词用法。with意为“和，同，具有”，此处表示“根据科学家这个词，我们说的是一个”，因此用by（根据，按照）。12. 单选题There are two main things that make aircraft engineering difficult: the need to make every component as reliable as possible and the need to build everything as light as possible. The fact that an airplane is u

28、p in the air and cannot stop if anything goes wrong, makes it perhaps a matter of life and death that its performance is absolutely dependable.Given a certain power of engine, and consequently a certain fuel consumption, there is a practical limit to the total weight of an aircraft that can be made

29、to fly. Out of that weight as much as possible is wanted for fuel, radio navigational instruments, passenger seats, or freight room, and of course, the passengers and aircraft themselves. So the structure of the aircraft has to be as small and light as safety and efficiency will allow. The designers

30、 of it must calculate the normal load that each part will bear. This specialist is called the stress man. He takes account of any unusual stress that may be put on the part as a precaution against errors in manufacture, accident damage, etc.The stress mans calculations go to the designer of the part

31、, and he must make it as strong as the stress man say is necessary. One or two samples are always tested to prove that they are as strong as the designer intended. Each separate part is tested, and then the whole assembly for example, a complete wing, and finally the whole airplane. When a new type

32、of airplane is made, normally only one of the first three will be flown. Two will be destroyed on the ground in structural tests. The third one will be tested in the air.When a plane has passed all the tests it can get a government certificate of airworthiness, without which it is illegal to fly, ex

33、cept for test flying.Making the working parts reliable is as difficult as making the structure strong enough. The flying controls, the electrical equipment, the fire precautions, etc. must not only be light in weight, but must work both at high altitudes where the temperature may be below freezing p

34、oint and in the hot air of an airfield in the tropics.To solve all these problems the aircraft industry has a large number of research workers, with elaborate laboratories and test houses and new materials to give the best strength in relation to weight are constantly being tested.1.The two main req

35、uirements of aircraft design are （ ）.2.The maximum possible weight of an aircraft is determined by（ ）.3.The stress mans job is to（ ）.4.The first three airplanes of a new type（ ）.5.All equipment in an aircraft must（ ）.问题1选项A.speed and costB.reliability and passenger comfortC.lightness and dependabili

36、tyD.ability to stay up in the air and reliability问题2选项A.the engineer powerB.the amount of freight roomC.the number of passengersD.international regulations问题3选项A.test how safe the plane isB.calculate how strong each part must beC.work out how height the plane may fly atD.control the amount of luggag

37、e each passenger may carry问题4选项A.are only for showB.are all destroyedC.are later broken up for spare partsD.are used for testing purposes问题5选项A.be tested to destructionB.not be too light in weightC.work especially well at high temperaturesD.work perfectly within a wide range of temperatures【答案】第1题:C

38、第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的There are two main things that make aircraft engineering difficult: the need to make every component as reliable as possible and the need to build everything as light as possible.（有两件主要的事情使飞机工程变得困难：需要使每一个部件尽可能可靠，以及需要建造一切尽可能轻的东西）可知C选项“轻便与可靠性”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段

39、中的Given a certain power of engine, and consequently a certain fuel consumption, there is a practical limit to the total weight of an aircraft that can be made to fly.（考虑到一定的发动机功率，并由此产生一定的燃料消耗，可以飞行的飞机的总重量有一个实际的限制）可知飞机的最大可能重量由发动机功率决定的，因此选A。3.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的The designers of it must calculate the normal

40、load that each part will bear.（设计人员必须计算每个零件将承受的正常载荷）可知B选项“计算每个部分能承受的正常重量”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的When a new type of airplane is made, normally only one of the first three will be flown. Two will be destroyed on the ground in structural tests. The third one will be tested in the air.（当一种新型飞机被制造出来时，正常情况下

41、，头三架飞机中只有一架可以飞行。在结构试验中，两架将在地面上销毁，第三架将在空中进行测试）可知这三架飞机都是用来测试的，两架用于地面测试，一架用于空中测试，因此选D。5.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的but must work both at high altitudes where the temperature may be below freezing point and in the hot air of an airfield in the tropics.（但必须在海拔较高、温度可能低于冰点的情况下工作，也必须在热带地区的热空气中工作）可知飞机上的所有设备都必须能在温差范围极大的

42、条件下工作，因此选D。13. 单选题When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selects people（ ）and asks them questions.问题1选项A.at lengthB.at randomC.in essenceD.in bulk【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。at length意为“充分地”；at random意为“任意地，随便地”；in essence意为“本质上，大体上”；in bulk意为“大量，整批”。句意：当心理学家要做一个关于人类思维的常规实验时，他会随机

43、地选择人并问他们问题。14. 单选题Too much time has（ ）since they started talking on the issue.问题1选项A.elapsedB.occupiedC.circulatedD.detached【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。elapse意为“（时间）消逝，过去”；occupy意为“使用，占用”；circulate意为“循环，传播”；detach意为“分离，拆开”。句意：自从他们开始讨论这个问题以来，已经花了太多时间。15. 单选题I have given you my advice. Whether you will act on it

44、is（ ）you.问题1选项A.up toB.up forC.on toD.for to【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。be up to sb.意为“取决于某人”。句意：我已经给了你我的建议。是否采纳就看你了。16. 单选题How much Robert Smith（ ）, the goal stayed unattained, but he still wouldnt give up.问题1选项A.inspiredB.endeavoredC.distressedD.confused【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。inspire意为“激励，鼓舞”；endeavor意为“努力，尽力，试图”；di

45、stress意为“使悲伤，使苦恼”；confuse意为“使糊涂，使迷惑”。句意：不管罗伯特史密斯如何努力，他还是没有达到目标，但他还是不肯放弃。17. 单选题1. Love has toppled kings, inspired poets, sparked wars, soothed beasts, and changed the course of history. It is credited for lifes greatest joys, blamed for the most crushing sorrows. And of course, it makes the world g

46、o around.2. All of which is no surprise to biologists. They know that love is central to human existence. We are not just programmed for reproduction. The capacity for loving emotions is also written into our biochemistry, essential if children are to grow and to thrive. And loves absence can be dev

47、astating. The loss of a spouse often hastens death in older people.3. Love began with motherhood. For mammalian young to survive, mothers must invest considerable time and energy in them. Of course, the varying growth rates of mammalian species require some mothers to invest more time and energy tha

48、n others. An elephant seal suckles her pup for only a few weeks before abandoning it; other species, including elephants, some primates, and especially people, lavish attention on their young for years.4. With the help of oxytocin (a chemical that fosters the bond between mothers and children), doti

49、ng mothers are able to cater to their offsprings every whim and whimper. When females of most mammalian species give birth, their bodies are flooded with oxytocin, known since 1906 as a hormone that stimulates uterine contractions and allow the breasts to let down milk. But oxytocin also acts as a n

50、eurotransmitter, or chemical messenger, that can guide behavior. Without it, a ewe cannot recognize her own lamb. A virgin female rat given a shot of oxytocin will nuzzle another females pups, crouching over them protectively as if they were her own.5. Studies of a small rodent known as the prairie

51、vole, a cuddly ball of fur, whose mating bond of lifelong monogamy would put most human couples to shame, indicate oxytocin may also play a role in the heady feelings associated with romance. You just cant imagine how much time these animals spend together. Prairie voles always want to be with someb

52、ody, says Carter. The voles undying devotion is the work not only of oxytocin but also of a related hormone, vasopressin. When single male and female prairie voles meet; they commence a two-day-long bout of sex that releases oxytocin in the females brain, bonding her to the male, who prefers his mat

53、es company above all others, guarding his family against intruders with a jealous husbands zeal.6. Like some human playboys, male prairie voles seem to get a kick out of courtship mixed with danger. Carter and colleague Courtney De Vries made young, unmated voles swim for three minutes before allowi

54、ng them to meet a prospective mate. The exercise elevated the animals stress hormones, which are also heightened by fear. But while females scurried off after the swim without bonding to the males as they normally would, male voles bonded faster than ever.7. Human beings unlike rodents are not entir

55、ely slaves to their hormones. But the behavior of voles may hold clues to why men and women sometimes hold divergent views of sex and romance. While many women prefer candlelight and sweet talk, men are more apt to welcome a roll in the hay anytime, anywhere. For some men (and some women), sex is es

56、pecially enticing when forbidden. Carter and De Vries suspect stress hormones can interfere with oxytocins action in the brain, keeping a female vole from bonding, and perhaps preventing most women from finding danger sexually exciting. Vasopressin, in contrast, appears to work better in the presenc

57、e of certain stress hormones, possibly making danger an aphrodisiac for many males.8. Passionate or platonic, love affects the whole body, setting the heart pounding, making the stomach do flip-flops, and of course, lighting the lions on fire. These visceral sensations are the work of the vagus nerv

58、e, which traces a meandering path through the body, coordinating the activities of internal organs, says the University of Marylands Stephen Porges. The vagus ferries signals between our innards and our brains, conveying information upward about our internal state and sending orders down from the br

59、ain to the heart, the stomach, the lungs, and the sex organs.9. Without the vagus, says Porges, love would be impossible. One part of the nerve is evolutionarily ancient, controlling primitive functions such as sex, hunger, and fear. This old vagus responds to oxytocin and serves as the pathway betw

60、een sexual organs and the brain for feelings of both arousal and satiation after sex. But Porges argues that in mammals, newer branches of the vagus also connect emotional brain centers with the heart, the face, and the vocal equipment, helping to coordinate feelings with facial and verbal expressio

61、n.10. In other words, the poets and bards were fight about one thing. The heart speaks the language of love. As English poet W. H. Auden wrote: Where love is strengthened, hope restored, in hearts by chemical accord. It may not literally skip a beat at the sight of ones desire or break with sorrow,

62、but the hearts rhythms are exquisitely tuned to love.1.Which of the following can be inferred from passage about elephant seals?2.The different love rituals employed by men and women could be attributed to the presence of which of the following?3.Which of the following could be the best analogy to the vagus nerve described in Paragraph 8?4.Animals equipped only with old vagus can NOT do which of the following?5.The purpose of the last paragraph is to （ ）.问题1选项A.The females are irresponsible mothers.B.Their young take less time to