2022年考博英语-西安交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷97

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1、2022年考博英语-西安交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Penguins do not suffer from the cold in Antarctica because their feathers （ ） a protective oil.问题1选项A.secreteB.warmC.hideD.absorb【答案】A【解析】secrete藏匿, 分泌；warm使.温暖；hide隐藏；absorb吸收, 承受。句意：企鹅在南极洲不受寒冷的影响, 因为它们的羽毛分泌一种保护性的油。选项A符合句意。2. 写作题In the past few years, sever

2、al plagiarism（抄袭, 剽窃）cases have been exposed in China. Some involve professors and famous scholars while some others involve graduate students who are working as researchers. Please write a composition of no less than 200 words on your attitude towards plagiarism. You may also illustrate your opinio

3、n on academic integrity（正直） and give suggestions on how to preserve it in the academic world.【答案】Plagiarism3. 单选题A report submitted to the United States Congress in 1971 emphatically recommended a（ ） national effort to adopt metric system.问题1选项A.concertedB.representativeC.respectiveD.spontaneous【答案】

4、D【解析】concerted协调的, 协定的；representative典型的；respective分别的, 各自的；spontaneous自发的, 无意识的。句意：1971年提交给美国国会的一份报告着重建议各国自发地努力采用公制系统。选项D符合句意。4. 写作题For this part, you are required to write a composition of no less than 150 words according to /he following topic. Please write your composition clearly on the Answer

5、Sheet providedTOPIC: Do you want to take a job that is well-paying but demands highly or a job that pays you moderately but demands lightly? Please choose one option and write an essay of at least 150 words. Please use adequate material to support your position. 【答案】My Choice on Job5. 单选题People can

6、be addicted to different thingsfor example, alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are compulsive; that is, they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders. Th

7、ey fell that they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others is irrationalimpossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pl

8、easure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy thing

9、s that they dont need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game. When they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their b

10、ehavior: a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason.It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business-people, Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business. They consider peoples needs for love, power

11、, or influence, their basic values, their beliefs and opinions and so on in their advertising and sales methods.Psychologists often use a method called behavior therapy to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with m

12、oney.Although behavior has many causes, most scientists seek to isolate single causes. This makes the scientific study of behavior hard. Many researchers in psychology use controlled experiments in which they can examine the effect of one factor at a time in a particular kind of behavior. Some inves

13、tigators design experiments to test the behavioral effects of several factors in various combinations. Still other researchers study behavior in the real world by observing people in their daily activities. Observing behavior outside controlled experiments cannot prove that one thing causes another.

14、 But studying people in the real world often helps scientists see the ways in which causes identified in experiments actually operate in peoples daily lives.Specialists in many fields study behavior. Psychologists and some biologists study animal behavior in controlled experiments. Other psychologis

15、ts study individuals or small groups of people in controlled games or tasks to understand many aspects of behavior, including the reasons for peoples feelings, thoughts and motives. These studies help establish principles that can be used to explain, predict, and modify behavior. Educational researc

16、hers study how people behave in the classroom. In sociology, behavioral research focuses mainly on the behavior of people in large groups and social institutions, such as businesses, churches, governments, and hospitals. An anthropologist may live in an isolated community to study behavior patterns

17、of a whole group.1.According to the psychologists, a compulsive spender is one who spends money（ ） .2.According to the writer, compulsive bargain hunters are in constant search of the lowest possible prices（ ） .3.The article is mainly about（ ） .4.From the passage we may safely conclude that compulsi

18、ve spender or compulsive bargain hunters（ ） .5.From the passage, we know that scientific study of behavior is （ ） .6.A controlled experiment in this passage is one in which（ ） .7.We can infer that （ ） .问题1选项A.and takes great pleasure from what he or she buysB.in order to satisfy his or her basic nee

19、ds in lifeC.just to meet his or her strong psychological needD.entirely with an irrational plan for his incomes问题2选项A.because they want to save money to help their budgetsB.because they want to win over others in getting things for less moneyC.and will not have money problems if they can keep to the

20、ir budgetD.but they never feel satisfied after they can get things for less money than others问题3选项A.the psychology of money-spending habitsB.the living habits of compulsive spendersC.a special psychology of bargain huntingD.the use of the psychology of spending habits in business问题4选项A.are really un

21、reasonableB.need special treatmentC.are really beyond remediesD.can never get any help to solve their problems with money问题5选项A.difficultB.easyC.interestingD.extremely useful问题6选项A.all the conditions are kept the same when studying a behaviorB.all the variables are consciously changed when examining

22、 a behaviorC.the effects of several factors that affect a behavior are studied at a timeD.the effect of one factor is studied at a time in a particular behavior问题7选项A.people behave differently in different countriesB.people behave the same in the same situationC.students behave differently when they

23、 stay in a classroom setting and stay at homeD.the behavior of the people in larger groups and social institutions is the same as that of the students in the classroom.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:A第6题:D第7题:C【解析】1.根据第一段“This compulsion, like most others is irrationalimpossible to explain reasonably.”

24、这种强迫和其他大多数强迫一样是非理性的无法合理解释。也就是说, 他们只是为了满足自己强烈的心理需求, 所以选项C正确。2.根据第二段四五句“They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game. When they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning.”他们宁愿相信自己是在节省预算, 但其实他们在玩一个令人兴奋的游戏。当他们能

25、买到比别人便宜的东西时, 他们就会觉得自己赢了。选项B符合原文。3.结合全文内容可知, 本文主要是对具有强迫性消费人群的花钱习惯进行心理学层面的分析, 选项A最能概括全文, 其他选项太片面。4.根据原文第一段可知, 选项A符合原文；选项B中的特殊治疗法表述不正确；选项C和D表述有误, 所以本题选A。5.根据第五段一二句“Although behavior has many causes, most scientists seek to isolate single causes. This makes the scientific study of behavior hard.”可知选项A正确

26、。6.根据第五段第三句“Many researchers in psychology use controlled experiments in which they can examine the effect of one factor at a time in a particular kind of behavior.”许多心理学研究人员使用对照实验, 他们可以一次检查一个因素对特定行为的影响。选项D与原文描述一致。7.根据原文可知, 选项A和B在文中没有提及；选项D表述错误；根据最后一段内容可知, 不同领域的研究专家研究不同的群体, 这说明人们在不同的场合中行为习惯也是不同的, 所以

27、选项C正确。6. 单选题Paper clips, drawing pins and safety-pins were （ ）all over the floor.问题1选项A.sprayedB.separatedC.dispersedD.scattered【答案】D【解析】spray喷雾, 喷射；separate分离, 隔开；disperse分散, 多指把一群人或物等彻底驱散；scatter指人或物向四处散开, 或把物随意撒开。句意：回形针、图钉和安全别针散落在地板上。所以选项D正确。7. 单选题Very often, the human eye and brain can recognize

28、 familiar configurations even if all but a few significant data points are left out. It is this creative power of perception that may someday allow profoundly deaf people to converse in sign language over a special “telephone”, Researchers have found that thirteen spots of light on each hand and one

29、 spot on the nose - to show head notion and provide a reference point for hand position are sufficient for intelligible rendering of American Sign Language. The bright spots are produced by attaching pieces of reflective tape to the nose, fingertips, wrists, and backs of the second knuckles and adju

30、sting a closed-circuit television system so that only the bright spots appear on the screen of the receiver. After a few minutes of familiarization, pairs of deaf people are able to converse freely over television. Deaf people and other sign readers can of course, understand sign language and writte

31、n subtitles on commercial television. But widespread link-ups of television systems for personal communications are economically impossible because a standard picture requires about one thousand times more information than a telephone circuit can carry. The researchers think it likely that the simpl

32、ified picture of twenty-seven moving dots used in their experiments can be reduced to the capacity of a telephone line.1.According to the passage, the person viewing the closed-circuit screen sees（ ） .2.What causes the bright spots mentioned in this passage?3.According to the passage, how long would

33、 it take a person who knows sign language to become accustomed to using the new device?4.It can be inferred from the passage that some television broadcasts already include which of the following?5.The phrase “this creative power of perception” refers to （ ） .6.The word “converse” in line 3 means （

34、） .7.As for the future development of the link-ups of television systems for personal communication, the researchers seems to be （ ） .问题1选项A.bright spotsB.two hands and a faceC.the person using sign languageD.a written message问题2选项A.Special tapeB.Special movable pointsC.Small light bulbsD.Small mirr

35、ors问题3选项A.Less than an hourB.Three to four hoursC.One dayD.Several weeks问题4选项A.Advertising for the new product.B.Instruction in how to communicate in sign language.C.Programs subtitled for deaf people.D.Personal conversation with deaf people.问题5选项A.the phenomenon that deaf people can hear what is sp

36、oken.B.the fact that the human eye and brain can recognize familiar configurations.C.the issue that deaf people can percept what is shown to them.D.the thing that deaf people can write to each other.问题6选项A.seeB.talkC.watchD.write问题7选项A.pessimisticB.hesitantC.retreatingD.optimistic【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:A

37、第4题:C第5题:B第6题:B第7题:D【解析】1.根据原文“.adjusting a closed-circuit television system so that only the bright spots appear on the screen of the receiver.”调整闭路电视系统, 使接收器的屏幕上只出现亮点, 选项 A正确。2.根据原文“The bright spots are produced by attaching pieces of reflective tape to the nose, fingertips, wrists, and backs of t

38、he second knuckles.”这些亮点是通过在鼻子、指尖、手腕和背部第二个关节粘上反光胶带而产生的.。选项A正确。3.根据原文“After a few minutes of familiarization, pairs of deaf people are able to converse freely over television.”可知, 只需几分钟的时间便可熟悉, 选项A正确。4.根据原文“Deaf people and other sign readers can of course, understand sign language and written subtitl

39、es on commercial television.”耳聋的人和其他手语者当然可以理解手语, 并且商业电视上也有字幕。由此可知, 电视广播中已有的是为耳聋的人提供的字幕。选项C符合原文。5.根据原文可知, “this creative power of perception”指的是上句提到的“.the human eye and brain can recognize familiar configurations.”人类的眼睛和大脑可以识别熟悉的结构。选项B正确。6.根据原文句意可知, 这里指耳聋的人通过一种特制的“电话”进行交谈, 所以选项B正确。7.根据原文最后一句话, 研究人员认为

40、, 在他们的实验中使用的27个移动点的简化图片, 可能可以缩小到电话线的容量。由此可推测, 研究人员的态度是乐观的。选项D正确。8. 翻译题1.People mistakenly assume that a falling penny will accelerate for the entirety of its fall, achieving breakneck speeds by the time it reaches the ground. This would indeed happen if all the air were removed and the penny was tos

41、sed off the Empire State Building into a vacuumbut as things are, collisions with air molecules slow falling pennies down. Air resistance opposes the pennys downward motion, counteracting the force of gravity. The faster the penny falls, the greater the air resistance, and so at a certain maximum ve

42、locity, the drag force becomes equal and opposite to the downward gravitational force. With the two forces balanced, the penny no longer accelerates. Instead it falls at a constant speed, called the terminal velocity, all the way to the ground.2.Overeating can also be triggered by our emotions. Some

43、 people turn to food or alcohol in stressful situations, such as after a family argument or a particularly difficult day at work. Other vulnerable times may be when youre feeling tired, bored or sad. Identifying triggers and cues that cause you to overeat can help you to change your behavior in thes

44、e situations and avoid unwanted calories. Write down the times when your emotions lead to eating. This will help you to identify situations when youre particularly vulnerable to excess snacking. Ask yourself if you must have the foodthinking about what youre doing can help you avoid extra snacks. Re

45、place images of food with other positive thoughts. Distract yourself from eating by doing something else you enjoy.3.Issues management has two major components for a manager. The first is having a process to uncover issues, determine their impact on the project, examine alternatives, and bring in pe

46、ople to make the best decision under the circumstances. These procedures ensure that issues are recognized and resolved as quickly as possible. The second component of issues management is applying specific problemsolving techniques. This includes some understanding of techniques such as Fishbone di

47、agrams, Pareto charts, and root cause analysis. Having an understanding of one or more of these techniques allows you and your team to understand the nature and cause of the problem, what options are available, and what alternative would be the best course of action.Choose ONLY ONE text from the fol

48、lowing passages and translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet provided. If more than ONE translation appears on the Answer Sheet, only the first or the indicated one would be scored【答案】1.人们错误的以为下落的硬币因为重力的原因, 会在下落的过程中一直加速, 到达地面时会达到非常危险的速度。这确实可能发生一一如果空气真被抽空了, 硬币就是从帝国大厦抛向了真空

49、而事实上, 与空气分子的碰撞减缓了硬币的下落。空气阻止了硬 币的向下运动, 抵消了重力作用。硬币下落的越快, 受到的阻力也会越大, 因此当硬币达到那个确定的最大速度, 阻力会和向下的重力作用相等。两个力相互平衡, 硬币就不会再加速。相反它会以一个固定速度, 也叫极限速度, 一直落到地面。2.暴食暴饮也常常由我们的情绪所引发。有些人会在受到强大压力下（如在一场家庭争执或工作上出现难关时）摄入大量的食物或酒。其他脆弱的时刻或在我们感到累, 无聊或伤心时。弄明白引发过度进食的触发事件和原因有助于帮助你改善在同等情况下的不良行为, 并避免摄入不需要的卡路里。写下那些令你想进食的情绪的次数, 这将有助于

50、你鉴别哪些情况会使你特别想摄入大量的零食。试试以下的技巧吧！吃东西之前要想想这些食物真的是我一定要吃的吗？一一思考做什么事情可以帮助你避免摄入那些额外的零食。用其它有益的想法来替代对事物的想象。通过做一些自己喜欢的事情转移你对食物的注意力。3.问题管理对于管理者来说有两个主要组成部分。首先得有一个发现问题的过程, 确定他们对项目的影响, 检查替代品, 并使人在这种情况下做出最好的决定。这些程序确保认识问题, 并尽快解决。问题管理的第二个组成部分是应用特定的解决问题的技巧。这包括一些技术理解, 如鱼骨图, 帕累托图, 和根本原因分析法。了解这些技术中的一个或多个, 可以让你和你的团队理解问题的本

51、质和原因, 理解什么样的选择可用, 什么样的替代品将是最好的行动方案。9. 单选题Her white blouse was terribly （ ） with ink as the ink bottle overturned and spilt over.问题1选项A.markedB.mergedC.stainedD.colored【答案】C【解析】mark标志, 做记号；merge合并, 融合；stain被污染, 玷污；color粉饰, 给.涂颜色。根据句意可知, 这里指她的白衬衫被墨水污染, 所以选项C正确。10. 单选题Desert animals（ ） a means of retai

52、ning moisture in such a hot, dry climate if they are to survive.问题1选项A.needingB.to needC.neededD.need【答案】D【解析】句中缺少谓语, 选项A和B不能做谓语, 首先排除；再根据前后谓语需保持一致的原则, 可知选项D正确。11. 翻译题Passage 1对于阿尔茨海默(Alzheimers)病来说, 那是个重要的星期。美国公共广播公司(PBS) 播出了一部有关阿尔茨海默病的优秀纪录片遗忘。此外, 科学界喜讯频传, 给众多与病魔做斗争的家庭以及即可能患病的生育高峰出生的一代带来了希望。虽然目前还没有

53、治愈的办法, 但科学家们在若干前沿领域的研宄取得了新的成果。包括大剂量服用维生素；联合治疗和大脑成像技术等。Passage 2渴望提高效率的人们总是以克服浪费时间的习惯作为起点, 但我却认为那是错误的。培养个人习惯来的要慢一些, 首先要明确目的。如果你没有明确目的, 只是尝试用高效的习惯去排挤无效的习惯, 那结果只有失败。你需要一个宏大的, 有吸引力的目标来激发自己。能从工作时间时挤出15分钟的原因, 就是因为你由于更好的利用这15分钟产生的激情。Passage 31957年发射的第一颗人造卫星使美国大为震惊, 并促使他们釆取行动。在这一过程中, 美国人提出了卫星导航系统的构想, 并称其为GP

54、S。它彻底地解决了在地球这个三维空间中如何确定位置的问题。GPS技术己被用于各种活动, 但其最高机密是其作为钟表的价值。和银行、电讯、甚至电力网等相关的对时间要求较高的一些作业己越来越依赖GPS。Choose ONLY ONE passage from the following passage and translate it as well as you can. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. If more than one translation appears on your answer sheet, only the fi

55、rst or the indicated one would be scored.【答案】12. 单选题（ ） you are familiar with the authors ideas, try reading all the sections as quickly as you can.问题1选项A.Now thatB.So thatC.Ever sinceD.As long as【答案】A【解析】now that既然, 由于, 引导原因从句；so that以便, 所以；ever since自从., 引导时间状语从句；as long as只要, 如果, 引导条件状语从句。句意：既然你熟

56、悉作者的观点, 试着尽快读完所有的章节。选项A符合句意。13. 单选题Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic. And that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In the 1960s a new tool was dev

57、eloped, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery.The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of differe

58、nt complaints. The word laser means: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Light. As we all know, light is hot; any source of lightfrom the sun itself down to a humble match burningwill give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however, is conc

59、entrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particul

60、ar effect on certain living cells. It is new possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through: the eyeball. No knives no stitches, no unwanted damagea true surgical wonder.Operations which once left p

61、atients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now he tried.The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Perhaps s

62、ome cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can he treated medically.1.After the development of the laser in the 1960s, we find that（ ） .2.The laser

63、beam is so strong because（ ） .3.Surgeons can now carry out operations which （ ） .4.The rapid development of laser techniques has meant that （ ） .问题1选项A.medical help became available for industrial workersB.the study of art went through a complete revolutionC.more and more surgeons began using surgical instrumentsD.mans whole approach to surge