2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷8

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1、2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题What you say now is not（ ） with what you said last week.问题1选项A.consistentB.persistentC.permanentD.insistent【答案】A【解析】consistent一致的；persistent固执的；permanent永久的，不变的；insistent坚持的。句意：你现在所说的与你上星期所说的不一致。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题Just as the soil is a part of the earth, _the atm

2、osphere.问题1选项A.as it isB.the same isC.so isD.and equally is【答案】C【解析】考查倒装结构。句意：正如土壤是地球的一部分一样，大气也是地球的一部分。So+助动词或系动词等+另一个主语B，说明主语B和主句的主语具有同样的性质，在句中大气和土壤具有同样的性质，即都属于地球的一部分，C选项so is符合题意。其余选项用法错误。A选项as it is“事实上”；B选项the same is“相同的是”，放进题目构成两个独立的句子，语法错误；D选项and equally is中equally是副词，不能充当主语。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题Lan

3、guage, culture and personality may be considered（ ）of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.问题1选项A.indistinctlyB.indefinitelyC.irrelevantlyD.independently【答案】D【解析】indistinctly朦胧地；indefinitely无限地, 不明确地；irrelevantly不相干地；independently独立地。根据句意可知应填入与inseparable相反的词, 选项D符合语境。4. 单选题Steven

4、son found no（ ）to carry on the work of his father.问题1选项A.aptitudeB.reactionC.arrangementD.polarization【答案】C【解析】 Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONEaptitude天资, 自然倾向；reaction反应；arrangement安排, 打算；polarization两极化。have no arrangement to do“没有的打算”, 选项C符合句意。5. 单选题All types of stress stu

5、dy, whether under laboratory or real-life situations, study mechanisms for increasing the arousal level of the brain.The brain blood flow studies show that reciting the days of the week and months of the year increases blood flow in appreciate areas, whereas problem solving which demands intense con

6、centration of a reasoning type produces much larger changes in the distribution of blood in the brain.Between these basic studies of brain function and real life situations there is still a considerable gap, but reasonable deduction seems possible to try and understand what happens to the brain. Lif

7、e consists of a series of events which may be related to work or to our so-called leisure time. Work may be relatively automaticas with typing, for instance. It requires intense concentration and repetition during the learning phase to establish a pattern in the brain. Then the typists fingers autom

8、atically move to hit the appropriate keys as she reads the words on the copy.However, when she gets tired she makes mistakes much more frequently. To overcome this she has to raise her level of arousal and concentration but beyond a certain point the automaticautomaticity is lost and thinking about

9、hitting the keys leads to more mistakes.Other jobs involve intense concentration such as holding bottles of wine up to a strong light and turning them upside down to look for particles of dirt falling down. This sounds quite easy but experience teaches that workers can do this for only about thirty

10、minutes before they start making a mistake. This is partly because the number of occasions with dirt in the bottle is low and the arousal level, therefore, fallsfails. Scientists have shown that devices to raise arousal level will increase the accuracy of looking for relatively rare events. A recent

11、 study of the effect of loss of sleep in young doctors showed that in tests involving a challenge to their medical judgment when short of sleep they raised their arousal level and became better at tests of grammatical reasoning as well.1. According to the brain blood follow studies problem solving _

12、.2. The author believes that _.3. When a typist gets tired _.4. Examining bottles of wine is hard work because _.5. According to the author, a key factor in the ability to reason is _.问题1选项A.increases blood flow in some areas of the brainB.causes changes in the distribution of blood in the brainC.de

13、mands intense concentration of blood in certain areasD.is based on the ability to recite the time问题2选项A.the results obtained in the laboratory exactly reflects the real-life situationsB.the gap between the laboratory studies and real-life situations is too large to fill upC.the gap between the labor

14、atory studies and real-life situations can be closed by proper reasoningD.the difference between the laboratory studies and real-life situations will be reduced问题3选项A.she has to try hard to raise her automaticB.she can type only automaticallyC.she cannot think about what she is doingD.she can seldom

15、 type automatically问题4选项A.the bottles must be held upside downB.it is difficult to see the particles of dirtC.it requires high level of automaticD.most bottles are all right问题5选项A.the subjects knowledge of grammarB.the amount of sleep the subject has hadC.the level of arousal of the subjectD.the ext

16、ent to which the subject has been taught to reason【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段The brain blood flow studies show that.whereas problem solving which demands intense concentration of a reasoning type produces much larger changes in the distribution of blood in the brain.（大脑血液流

17、动的研究表明，在解决像推理这样的高度集中精力的问题时，大脑的血液分布会发生更大的变化。），所以B选项“引起大脑血液分布的变化”正确。A选项“增加大脑某些区域的血流量”对应第二段“背诵一周中的几天和一年中的几个月会增加相应区域的血流，而在解决像推理这样的高度集中精力的问题时，大脑的血液分布会发生更大的变化”，此处提到增加大脑某些区域的血流量是背诵一些简单的问题，而解决问题需要高度集中精力，便会影响大脑的血液分布情况，属于出处错位；C选项“在某些区域需要高度集中的血液”，文中提到的是高度集中精力的问题，而不是血液，属于曲解原文；D选项“是基于背诵时间的能力”文章没有提到，属于无中生有。2.判断推理

18、题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段开头Between these basic studies of brain function and real life situations there is still a considerable gap, but reasonable deduction seems possible to try and understand what happens to the brain.（在这些关于大脑功能的基础研究和现实生活情况之间仍然有相当大的差距，但合理的推断似乎有可能尝试和理解大脑发生了什么。），由此可推断出作者认为虽然实验室的研究和现实之间仍有差距，但

19、是通过合理的推断，这种差距可以缩小，所以C选项“实验室研究和现实生活之间的差距可以通过适当的推理来弥补”正确。A选项“实验室得到的结果完全反映了现实情况”对应第三段开头，这里提到了实验室研究与现实生活有很大差距，说明其并不能完全反映现实状况，所以A选项属于反向干扰；B选项“实验室研究和现实生活之间的差距太大了，无法填补”对应第三段开头，文章提到了这种差距可以通过合理的推断缩小，所以B选项也属于反向干扰；D选项“实验室研究和实际情况之间的差异将减少”对应第三段开头，文章讲的是通过合理的推断这种差异才会缩小，该选项并没有体现原文的条件，属于曲解原文。因此C选项正确。3.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到

20、文章第三段结尾Work may be relatively automaticas with typing, for instance, it requires intense concentration and repetition during the learning phase to establish a pattern in the brain. Then the typists fingers automatically move to hit the appropriate keys as she reads the words on the copy.（工作可能是相对自动化的

21、，比如打字，在学习阶段需要高度集中和重复，在大脑中建立模式。打字员的手指会自然移动，在她阅读副本上的单词时按下相应的键。）和第四段开头However, when she gets tired she makes mistakes much more frequently. To overcome this she has to raise her level of arousal and concentration but beyond a certain point the automatic is lost and thinking about hitting the keys leads

22、 to more mistakes.（然而，她在累的时候会更频繁地犯错。为了克服这个问题，她必须提高自己的兴奋和专注水平，但超过一定程度，自动的感觉就会消失，一想到要敲击键盘就会导致更多的错误。），由此可推断出当打字的人累了的时候，她的兴奋和专注水平下降，从而导致她的手指不能自动移动，所以D选项“她很少能自动打字”正确。A选项“她必须努力提高她的自动化水平”以及C选项“她无法思考自己在做什么”文章都没有提到，属于无中生有；B选项“她只能自动打字”对应原文第四段，此处说到她不能自动打字，所以B选项属于反向干扰。因此D选项正确。4.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第五段开头Other jobs i

23、nvolve intense concentration such as holding bottles of wine up to a strong light and turning them upside down to look for particles of dirt falling down. This sounds quite easy but experience teaches that workers can do this for only about thirty minutes before they start making a mistake. This is

24、partly because the number of occasions with dirt in the bottle is low and the arousal level, therefore, fails.（还有一些工作需要高度集中注意力，比如把酒瓶举到强光下，然后把酒瓶倒过来看有没有落下的灰尘颗粒。这听起来很容易，但经验告诉我们，工人们只需要30分钟就会犯错误。这部分是因为瓶子里有灰尘的次数很低，因此唤醒水平也不高。），由此可推断出检查酒瓶这项工作困难的原因是大多数瓶子都没问题，所以唤醒水平降低，从而导致人们容易出错，D选项“大多数瓶子都没问题”正确。A选项“瓶子必须倒置”对应

25、第五段，虽然文章有提到，但是与题干无关，属于出处错位；B选项“泥垢很难被看清”和C选项“它需要高水平的自动化”文章没有提到，属于无中生有。因此D选项正确。5.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段结尾A recent study of the effect of loss of sleep in young doctors showed that in tests involving a challenge to their medical judgment when short of sleep they raised their arousal level and became bett

26、er at tests of grammatical reasoning as well.（最近一项关于年轻医生睡眠不足影响的研究表明，当睡眠不足时，在涉及挑战他们医学判断的测试中，他们提高了觉醒水平，在语法推理测试中也表现得更好。），由此可推断出推理能力的一个关键因素是主体的觉醒水平，所以C选项“主体的觉醒水平”说法正确。A选项“主体的语法知识”文章没有提到，属于无中生有；B选项“受试者的睡眠量”对应文章结尾，虽然有提到，但与题干无关，属于出处错位；D选项“主体被教导去推理的程度”文章没有提到，属于无中生有。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题Why are mobiles so popular?

27、Because people love to talk to each other. And it is easier with a mobile phone. In countries like Russia and China, people use tile mobile phone in places where there is no ordinary telephone. Business people, use mobiles when theyre traveling. In some countries, like Japan, many people use their m

28、obile phones to send e-mail message and access the Internet. They use a new kind of mobile phone called “i-mode”. You can even use a mobile phone to listen to music.Mobile phones are very fashionable with teenagers. Parents buy mobile phones for their children. They can call borne home if they are i

29、n trouble and need help. So they feel safer. But teenagers mostly use them to keep in touch with their friends or play simple computer games. Its cool to be the owner of a small expensive mobile. Research shows that teenage owners of mobile phones smoke less. Parents and schools are happy that teena

30、gers are safer and smoke less.But many people dislike them. They hate it when the businessman opposite them on the train has a loud conversation on his phone. Or when the mobile phone rings in a cafe or restaurant. But there is a much more serious problem. Its possible that the mobile phone can heat

31、 up the brain because we hold the phone so close to our head. Scientists fear that mobiles can perhaps be bad for your memory and even give you cancer.1. Mobiles are popular among people because _.2. It is stated in the passage that in Russia and China _.3. Parents buy mobile phones for their childr

32、en because _.4. Why can mobile phones be a much more serious problem?5. Which of the following can be the titletile of this passage?问题1选项A.they think mobiles are funB.they believe mobiles are safeC.they love to listen to musicD.they feel it easier to talk to each other问题2选项A.ordinary telephone servi

33、ce is available everywhereB.people prefer mobile phones to ordinary telephonesC.mobiles are used in places without ordinary telephonesD.people use mobiles to send e-mails and access the internet问题3选项A.mobile phones are very fashionable with teenagersB.they can call home if they are in trouble and ne

34、ed helpC.they can use mobiles to play simple computer gamesD.mobile phones enable teenagers to give up smoking问题4选项A.Because people hate the businessmen using mobiles in public places.B.Because people feel their privacy unprotected in a cafe or restaurant.C.Because there is strong evidence for the p

35、roblems of mobiles.D.Because the use of mobile phones can be physically harmful.问题5选项A.Why Are Mobiles So Popular?B.Mobiles-Useful or Useless?C.Mobiles-A Danger to Health?D.Why Do We Design Mobiles?【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。由题干可定位到文章第一段开头Why are mobiles so popular? Because people love

36、 to talk to each other. And it is easier with a mobile phone.（为什么手机如此受欢迎？因为人们喜欢互相交谈。而且用手机就容易多了。），由此可知手机受欢迎的原因是手机会让人们的交谈变得更容易，所以D选项“人们觉得交谈变得更容易”正确。A选项“人们认为手机很有趣”文章并未提及，属于无中生有；B选项“人们相信手机是安全的”，干扰源“safe”对应原文第二段开头，但此处讲的是父母给孩子买手机的原因，而不是手机受欢迎的原因，属于张冠李戴；C选项“人们喜欢听音乐”对应原文第一段段尾“You can even use a mobile phone

37、to listen to music.”，但此处与题干问题无关，不是手机受欢迎的原因，属于出处错位。因此D选项正确。2.事实细节题。由题干可定位到文章第一段第四句In countries like Russia and China, people use mobile phones in places where there is no ordinary telephone.（在俄罗斯和中国这样的国家，人们在没有普通电话的地方使用手机。），所以C选项“手机是在没有普通电话的地方使用的”正确。A选项“一般的电话服务在任何地方都可以使用”和B选项“比起普通电话，人们更喜欢移动电话”文章都没有提到，

38、属于无中生有；D选项“人们用手机发电子邮件和上网”对应文章第一段第六句In some countries, like Japan, many people use their mobile phones to send e-mail messages and access the Internet.（在一些国家，比如日本，很多人用手机发送电子邮件和上网。），但此处讲的是手机在日本的使用情况，而不是俄罗斯和中国，属于张冠李戴。因此C选项正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段开头Parents buy mobile phones for their children. They can

39、call home if they are in trouble and need help.（父母为他们的孩子买手机。如果他们遇到麻烦或需要帮助，他们可以打电话回家。），所以B选项“如果他们遇到麻烦或需要帮助，他们可以打电话回家”正确。A选项“手机在青少年中很流行”对应第二段的第一句，但是正是因为越来越多的父母给孩子购买手机才使得手机在青少年中很流行，并不是因为手机流行父母才给孩子买手机，父母的出发点是为了孩子们的安全考虑，此处属于偷换概念；C选项“他们可以用手机玩简单的电脑游戏”对应文章第二段第五句But teenagers mostly use them to keep in touch

40、 with their friends or play simple computer games.（但青少年大多使用手机与朋友保持联系或玩简单的电脑游戏。），但此处与题干无关，不是父母给孩子购买手机的原因，属于出处错位；D选项“手机使青少年能够戒烟”对应第二段倒数第二句Research shows that teenage owners of mobile phones smoke less.（研究表明，拥有手机的青少年吸烟更少。），但此句讲的是拥有手机的青少年吸烟更少，并不是说手机能够使青少年戒烟，属于曲解原文。因此B选项正确。4.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段But there

41、 is a much more serious problem. Its possible that mobile phone can heat up the brain because we hold the phone so close to our head. Scientists fear that mobiles can perhaps be bad for your memory and even give you cancer.（但还有一个更严重的问题。手机可能会让大脑发热，因为我们把手机拿得离头部太近了。科学家们担心，手机可能会损害你的记忆力，甚至会导致癌症。），由此可推断出更

42、严重的问题是手机会影响人们的健康，所以D选项“因为使用移动电话可能对身体有害”正确。A选项“因为人们讨厌商人在公共场所使用手机”和B选项“因为人们觉得在咖啡馆或餐馆里没有隐私保护”对应文章最后一段的第一、二句“但是很多人不喜欢它们。他们讨厌在火车上对面的商人大声打电话，或者在咖啡馆或餐馆里手机响。”，但此处讲的是人们不喜欢手机的原因，并不是手机成为一个更严重问题的原因，所以A选项属于张冠李戴；并且这里也没有提到任何隐私问题，所以B选项属于无中生有；C选项“因为有强有力的证据证明手机的问题”文章没有提到，属于无中生有。因此D选项正确。5.主旨大意题。文章开头就提到了“Why are mobile

43、s so popular?（为什么手机如此受欢迎?）”，由此可知文章接下来都是在谈手机受欢迎的原因，所以A选项“为什么手机如此受欢迎”正确。B选项“手机有用还是没用”，文章主要探讨的是手机受欢迎的原因，并不是手机的用处，属于无中生有；C选项“手机危害健康”，文章只在最后一段提到使用手机会对身体造成危害，并不能用来概括整篇文章，属于以偏概全；D选项“为什么要设计手机”文章并没有对设计手机的原因进行阐述，属于无中生有。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题The moist air of the Pacific Ocean brings a （ ） climate to the west coast of

44、the United States.问题1选项A.chillyB.temperateC.modestD.compromising【答案】B【解析】句意：太平洋潮湿的空气给美国西海岸带来了温和的气候。气候温和用temperate climate, 所以选项B正确。8. 单选题Professor Hawking is（ ） as one of the worlds greatest living physicists.问题1选项A.dignifiedB.clarifiedC.acknowledgedD.illustrated【答案】C【解析】dignify使高贵，授予荣誉；clarify澄清，阐明

45、；acknowledge承认，认可；illustrate阐明，举例。句意：霍金教授被公认是当今世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。选项C符合语境。9. 单选题The radical transformation of Soviet society had a profound impact on womens lives. Marxists had traditionally believed that both capitalism and the middle class husband exploited women. The Russian Revolution of 1917 immedia

46、tely proclaimed complete equality of rights for women. In the 1920s divorce and abortion were made easily available, and women were urged to work outside the home and liberate themselves sexually. After Stalin came to power, sexual and familial liberation was played down, and the most lasting change

47、s for women involved work and education.These changes were truly revolutionary. Young women were constantly told that they had to be equal to men, that they could and should do everything men could do. Peasant women in Russia had long experienced the equality of backbreaking physical labor in the co

48、untryside, and they continued to enjoy that equality on collective farms. With the advent of the five-year-plans, millions of women also began to toil in factories and in heavy construction, building dams, roads and steel mills in summer heat and winter frost. Most of the opportunities open to men t

49、hrough education were also open to women. Determined women pursued their studies and entered the ranks of the better-paid specialists in industry and science. Medicine practically became a womans profession. By 1950, 75 percent of doctors on the Soviet Union were women.Thus Stalinist society gave wo

50、men great opportunities but demanded great sacrifices as well. The vast majority of women simply had to work outside the home. Wages were so low that it was almost impossible for a family or couple to live only on the husbands earning. Moreover, the full-time working woman had a heavy burden of hous

51、ehold tasks in her off hours, for most Soviet men in the 1930s still considered the home and the children the womans responsibility. Men continued to monopolize the best jobs. Finally, rapid change and economic hardship led to many broken families, creating further physical, emotional, and mental st

52、rains for women. In any event, the often-neglected human resource of women was ruthlessly mobilized in Stalinist society. This, too, was an aspect of the Soviet totalitarian state.1.The main idea of this passage is that women in Stalinist society（ ）.2.In this passage, to monopolize means to（ ）.3.In

53、this passage, mobilized means（ ）.4.The authors main purpose in writing this passage is to（ ）.5.The overall organizational pattern of this passage is（ ）.6.How are the ideas within the following sentence related?“Moreover, the full-time working woman had a heavy burden of household tasks her off hours

54、, for most Soviet men in the 1930s still considered the home and the children the womans responsibility.”7. The authors tone in this passage can best be described as（ ） .问题1选项A.had economic opportunities that had never been available beforeB.had difficulty balancing their work and family responsibil

55、itiesC.had new opportunities but also many hardships.D.moved quickly into the highest levels of government问题2选项A.holdB.earnC.leaveD.pay问题3选项A.punishedB.paidC.foughtD.used问题4选项A.compare different systems of governmentB.tell an interesting storyC.amuse the readerD.provide information问题5选项A.definitionB

56、.example/illustrationC.chronological orderD.comparison/contrast问题6选项A.cause/effectB.division/classificationC.summaryD.sequence/process问题7选项A.disapprovingB.emotionalC.objectiveD.sympathetic【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C第6题:A第7题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文第三段第一句为本文主旨句。“Thus Stalinist society gave women great oppor

57、tunities but demanded great sacrifices as well.”斯大林主义社会给了女性巨大的机会，但也要求她们做出巨大的牺牲。选项C符合原文主旨。2.词汇题。根据关键词“monopolize”定位到第三段倒数第三句“Men continued to monopolize the best jobs.”原文指男性继续垄断着最好的工作。选项A“拥有”最能替代原文中的“monopolize”，所以正确。3.词汇题。根据关键词“monopolize”定位到第三段倒数第二句“ In any event, the often-neglected human resource

58、 of women was ruthlessly mobilized in Stalinist society.”无论如何，经常被忽视的女性人力资源在斯大林社会被无情地使用。能与“human resource”搭配使用且符合原文意思的只有选项D。4.主旨大意题。根据原文可知，本文并没有比较不同的政府体制，所以选项A错误；本文也不是在讲述有趣的故事和娱乐读者，所以选项B和C均错误；只有选项D提供信息正确。5.细节事实题。根据原文可知，文中出现了很多时间的关键词，并详细讲述了当时的情况，所以本文主要是按照时间顺序来写的。选项C正确。6.推理判断题。句意：此外，全职工作的妇女在业余时间有沉重的家务负

59、担，因为在20世纪30年代，大多数苏联男人仍然认为家庭和孩子是妇女的责任。这句话前后构成因果关系，根据关键词“for”也可知选项A正确。cause/effect“因果关系 ”；division/classification“分类”，summary“总结”，sequence/process “过程”。所以选项A正确。7.观点态度类。结合文章内容可知，作者是在陈述事实，并未带有个人主义色彩的词出现，所以作者的态度是客观公正的，选项C正确。10. 单选题The medical staff is prepared to overlook the error on this occasion _ her

60、 previous good medical service during her internship.问题1选项A.in the light ofB.thanks toC.with a views toD.with regard to【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项in the light of“根据；鉴于”；B选项thanks to“由于，幸亏”；C选项with a views to“以便，为了”；D选项with regard to“至于，关于”。句意：医务人员准备忽略这种情况下的错误_她以前在实习期间良好的医疗服务。犯错本来会带来相应的不好的结果，在这里不计较这次错误是一件幸运的

61、事，应该感到庆幸，B选项thanks to“由于，幸亏”符合题意。因此B选项正确。11. 单选题All things in the universe are interrelated and（ ）with each other.问题1选项A.interveneB.interfereC.interruptD.interact【答案】D【解析】intervene干涉，插入；interfere妨碍，打扰；interrupt闯入，打断；interact相互影响，相互作用。根据句意可知，这里指世界上所有的事物都是相互联系，相互影响的。选项D符合句意。12. 单选题The Smiths went into

62、 the department store to buy things, leaving their cars engine（ ）over.问题1选项A.tickingB.tumblingC.turningD.running【答案】C【解析】tick over进展缓慢；tumble over打翻；turn over发动；run over复查。句意：史密斯一家到百货公司购物，没有关掉车的引擎。也就是说车的引擎还发动着，选项C符合句意。13. 写作题“Courtesy (礼貌)is rapidly disappearing from everyday interactions, and as a

63、result, we are all the poorer for it.”From your perspective, is this an accurate observation? Why or why not? Explain, using reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.【答案】The Claim That Courtesy Is Rapidly Disappearing Is Dubious14. 单选题At last she left her house and hurried to t