2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷93

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1、2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The course of scholastic preparation was arduous requiring the systematic passing of successive examinations. Success in the examinations resulted in the（ ）of academic degrees, which were treasured as the surest source of wealth and power in China.问题1选项A.best

2、owalB.givingC.conferringD.offering【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项bestowal“赠与”；B选项giving“给予”；C选项conferring“文凭、学位的授予”；D选项offering“提供”。根据题干，提到学位被视为财富和成功的可靠来源，符合题干内容的只有C选项，学位作为一种文凭。句意：学业准备的过程是艰苦的，要求有系统地通过连续的考试。考试成功导致学术学位的，在中国这是宝贵的财富和权力的源泉。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题A stable society is a delicate balance of forces, a（ ）of equi

3、librium in which the variables have been brought into temporary balance. To alter one factor is to set in motion a series of changes and readjustments that depend upon alterations all along the line.问题1选项A.saturationB.continuumC.continuationD.melting point【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配辨析。A选项saturation“饱和”；B选项conti

4、nuum“连续体”；C选项continuation“继续”；D选项melting point“熔点”。根据题干内容，a continuum of连续的，为固定搭配，因此B选项正确。句意：社会稳定源于各种力量的微妙平衡。在这种的平衡中，可变因素已经得到了暂时的平衡。改变一个因素便会发生一系列改变和调整。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题Between French friends, who have chosen each other for congeniality of their point of view, lively disagreement and sharpness of argume

5、nts are the breath of life.问题1选项A.coexistenceB.coincidenceC.correlationD.compatibility【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。congeniality表示“同性质；适意”。A项coexistence“共存”，B项coincidence“巧合，一致”，C项correlation“相关，关联”，D项compatibility“兼容”。句意：对于因为观点一致而选择对方成为朋友的法国人来说，活跃的争论和激烈的论断是他们生活中不可缺少的东西。根据句意，该题选D正确。4. 单选题Such an incident fits int

6、o the larger pattern of calculated indoctrination. He emphasized sincerity and loyalty as the cardinal virtues and tried to soften some of the（ ）edges of Lis personality.问题1选项A.smoothB.roughC.evenD.uneven【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项smooth“光滑的”；B选项rough“艰苦的，粗糙的；粗野的；猛烈的；充斥暴力的；危险的”；C选项even“平坦的”；D选项uneven“不平衡

7、的，不公正的，不正直的”。由题干soften“使温和；使缓和；使变柔软”可知是使李性格中粗野的（或者说危险的）棱角。句意：这样的事件符合更大的有计划的灌输模式。他强调真诚和忠诚是李的基本美德，并试图抚平他性格中的一些棱角。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题While he was not dumber than an ox, he was not any smarter; so most of his classmates were lenient and helped him along.问题1选项A.helpfulB.mercifulC.enthusiasticD.intelligent【答案】

8、B【解析】考查形容词辨析。lenient在句中是“仁慈的，宽大的”；A选项helpful“有帮助的，有益的”；B选项merciful“仁慈的”；C选项enthusiastic“热心的，热情的”；D选项intelligent“聪明的”。句意：虽然他不比牛笨，但也不比牛聪明，所以他的大多数同学都很宽容和仁慈，并给予他帮助。所以只有B项符合。6. 单选题He felt a repugnance for the city because it was heavily under the influence of foreigners, whom he considered to be corrupt

9、and（ ）.问题1选项A.unscrupulousB.with principlesC.in principleD.out of principle【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项unscrupulous“寡廉鲜耻，不讲道德的”；B选项with principles“符合原则的”；C选项in principle“大体上，原则上”；D选项out of principle“背离原则”。根据题干，可知此处应当填入一个形容词，且含有贬义，因此推测A选项正确。句意：他对这座城市感到厌恶因为这城市受外国人影响太严重了，而他眼中的外国人是堕落而又。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题After con

10、tinual bickering on questions of strategy, Li finally exhausted Tsengs patience by refusing to draft for him a memorial（ ）he took exception.问题1选项A.of whichB.to whichC.from whichD.out of which【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。take exception to“不以为然，反对”。这里是将介词提前，和which引导定语从句，因此B选项正确。句意：不停地争论策略问题后，李终于因为拒绝为茨奥设计他的纪念物而耗尽了茨

11、奥的耐心。因此B选项正确。8. 单选题I should be able to finish the task on time,（ ）you provide me with the necessary guidance.问题1选项A.in caseB.provided thatC.or elseD.as if【答案】B【解析】考查条件句。前半部分说“我应该能按时完成任务”，后半部分是条件“只要你提供给我必要的指导”。A选项in case“万一”；B选项provided that“只要”；C选项or else“否则，要不然”；D选项as if“好像”，结合句意，只有B项符合。9. 单选题The h

12、istory of Lis career took its special course because it occurred at the end of imperial times, when institutional problems of traditional Chinese history became（ ）new elements brought in by the impact of the West.问题1选项A.togetherB.separatedC.unitedD.merged with【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义以及固定搭配辨析。A选项together“新潮的

13、，情绪稳定的”；B选项separated“分开的，分居”；C选项united“一致的，统一的”；D选项merged with“与结合；与联合”。merged with与融合，结合，由题干可知，中国传统以及西方新元素会产生融合。排除A选项，B选项；空格处前是become，后面是new elements，宾语，根据语法结构，不能直接在空格处加入形容词，代入C选项无法组成完整的句子，不符合语法结构，空格处填入的词应和become一起构成谓语。句意：当中国传统历史的体制问题与在西方影响下引入的新元素相时，由于处于帝国时期的末期，李的职业历史便走向了一条特殊的道路。因此D选项正确。10. 单选题The

14、brunt of the attacks upon this commander was borne by his younger brother. Scarcely had the smoke been cleared from the battlegrounds of Nanking when voices arose maligning the younger governor who had erred in reporting to the throne the death of his successor.问题1选项A.backbitingB.gossiping aboutC.sp

15、reading rumorsD.slandering【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项backbiting“诽谤；中伤”；B选项gossiping about“闲聊”；C选项spreading rumors“散布谣言”；D选项slandering“诽谤”；根据题目中的“voices arose”可知这个声音就是指的后面的内容，malign本意指的是“诽谤某人”，而在此处，题中的意思是“所出现的关于州长的谣言”。所以答案为C“传播谣言”。句意：非难指挥官的后果由他的弟弟承担了。诽谤年轻的州长在向君王报告他的继承人的死讯时犯错了的谣言一出现时，南京战场的硝烟便难以消散了。因此C选项正确。1

16、1. 单选题Theory and science are nurtured in material environments, and application is a powerful（ ）to thought. In this respect he was a great planter of ideas.问题1选项A.encouragementB.spurC.driveD.driving force【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项encouragement“鼓舞”；B选项spur“鞭策，刺激”；C选项drive“驱动”，常用表达：a drive to sth，D选项drivin

17、g force“驱动力，推动力”，常用表达：driving force for sth，跟后面的“to”不搭，可排除D选项。句意：理论科学是在物质环境中产生的，而应用则是思想的强力。在这方面，他是一个伟大的思想传播者。因此C选项正确。12. 不定项选择题(1) The sources of anti-Christian feeling were many and complex. On the more intangible side, there was a general pique against the unwanted intrusion of the Western countri

18、es; there was an understandable tendency to seek an external scapegoat for internal disorders only tangentially attributable to the West and perhaps most important, there was a virile tradition of ethnocentricism, vented long before against Indian Buddhism, which since the seventeenth century, focus

19、ed on Western Christianity. Accordingly, even before the missionary movement really got under way in the mid-nineteenth century, it was already at a disadvantage. After 1860, as missionary activity in the hinterland expanded, it quickly became apparent that in addition to the intangibles, numerous t

20、angible grounds for Chinese hostility abounded.(2) In part, the very presence of the missionary evoked attack, they were, after all, the first foreigners to leave the treaty ports and venture into the interior, and for a long time they were virtually the only foreigners whose quotidian labors carrie

21、d them to the farthest reaches the Chinese empire. For many of the indigenous population, therefore, the missionary stood as a uniquely visible symbol against which opposition to foreign intrusion could be vented. In part, too, the missionary was attacked because the manner in which he made his pres

22、ence felt after 1860 seemed almost calculated to offend. By indignantly waging battle against the notion that China was the sole fountainhead of civilization and, more particularly, by his assault on many facets of Chinese culture, the missionary directly undermined the cultural hegemony of the gent

23、ry class. Also, in countless ways, he posed a threat to the gentrys traditional monopoly of social leadership. Missionaries, particularly Catholics, frequently, assumed the garb of the Confucian literati. They were the only persons at the local level, aside from the gentry who were permitted to comm

24、unicate with the authorities as social equals, and they enjoyed an extraterritorial status in the interior that gave them greater immunity to Chinese law than had ever been possessed by the gentry.(3) Although it was the avowed policy of the Chinese government after 1860 that the new treaties were t

25、o be strictly adhered to, in practice implementation depended on the wholehearted accord provincial authorities. There is abundant evidence that cooperation was dilatory. At the root of this lay the interactive nature of ruler and ruled.(4) In a severely understaffed bureaucracy that ruled as much b

26、y suasion as by might, the official, almost always a stranger in the locality of his service, depended on the active cooperation of the local gentry class. Energetic attempts to implement treaty provisions concerning missionary activities, in direct defiance of gentry sentiment, ran the risk of alie

27、nating this class and destroying future effectiveness.36. In a vague way, anti-Christian feeling stemmed from（ ）.37. The author would agree that（ ）.38. With which of the following statements would the author agree?39. Missionaries（ ）.40. Provincial authorities（ ）.问题1选项A.the mere presence of invaders

28、B.a generalized unfocused feelingC.the introduction to the WestD.none of the above问题2选项A.many problems in China came from internal disorders due to W eastern influence.B.many problems in China came from China itself and were unrelated to the West.C.scapegoats perform a necessary function and there s

29、hould be more of them.D.all of the above are true.问题3选项A.Ethnocentricism is a manly tradition.B.The disdain toward Christianity was prefigured by a disdain toward Buddhism.C.Although Christianity was not well received in China, Buddhism was.D.The author would agree with A and C.问题4选项A.often dressed

30、the same way as Chinese scholars didB.were free of the legal constraints that bound the local indigenous populationC.had greater access to authority than Chinese peasantsD.may be described by all of the above问题5选项A.cooperated fully with the central governments policyB.were alive to local feelingsC.w

31、ere obliged to determine whether local sentiment tolerated implementationD.may be described by B and C.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】36.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“以一种模糊的方式来看，反基督教情绪来源于”。根据文章第一段The sources of anti-Christian feeling were many and complex. On the more intangible side, there was a gener

32、al pique against the unwanted intrusion of the Western countries; there was an understandable tendency to seek an external scapegoat for internal disorders only tangentially attributable to the West and perhaps most important, there was a virile tradition of ethnocentricism, vented long before again

33、st Indian Buddhism, which since the seventeenth century, focused on Western Christianity.（反基督教情绪的来源很多，而且很复杂。在更难以捉摸的方面，人们普遍对西方国家不必要的入侵感到不满；人们有一种可以理解的倾向，即为与西方影响无关的内部混乱寻找外部替罪羊。或许最重要的是，印度存在着一种强大的民族中心主义传统，早在反对印度佛教之前就有了，印度佛教从17世纪开始就关注西方基督教。）可知，在这里连续提到了三个反基督教的可能因素，可知这种反基督教的因素并不是单一的，也不是固定的，所以B项“一种普遍的、不集中的感觉

34、”更符合题意。A项“入侵者的出现”和C项“西方的引进”只是其中一个因素；D项“以上都不是”错误。故该题选B。37.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者可能会同意”。根据第一段第二句there was an understandable tendency to seek an external scapegoat for internal disorders only tangentially attributable to the West（人们有一种可以理解的倾向，即为与西方影响无关的内部混乱寻找外部替罪羊）可知，中国内部的很多问题并不是西方因素引起的，因此B项“中国的许多

35、问题都是中国自己造成的”符合题意。A项“中国的许多问题都是由于受西方的影响而产生的内乱，与西方无关”，内容与原文不符；C项“替罪羊发挥了必要的作用，应该有更多的替罪羊”文中没有提到替罪羊发挥了作用，该项错误；D项“以上都是正确的”错误。故该题选B。38.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者可能会同意下列哪一个观点？”。根据第一段第二句there was a virile tradition of ethnocentricism, vented long before against Indian Buddhism （印度有一种强大的民族中心主义的男性传统，早在反对印度佛教之前

36、就有了），这句话中的virile(男性的)等同于manly，所以A项“民族中心主义是男性的传统”正确。B项“对基督教的蔑视是以对佛教的蔑视为预兆的”，内容在文章并无体现，所以B项不选。根据against Indian Buddhism可知C项“虽然基督教在中国不太受欢迎，但佛教很受欢迎”错误。D项“作者同意A项和C项的观点”错误。故该题选A。39.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“传教士”。第二段最后两句提到Missionaries, particularly Catholics, frequently, assumed the garb of the Confucian li

37、terati. They were the only persons at the local level, aside from the gentry who were permitted to communicate with the authorities as social equals, and they enjoyed an extraterritorial status in the interior that gave them greater immunity to Chinese law than had ever been possessed by the gentry.

38、（传教士，尤其是天主教徒，经常穿着儒家文人的服装。除了这些被允许与政府进行社会平等交流，在内地享有“治外法权”和享有更大的中国法律豁免权的绅士之外，他们是当地唯一享有这些的人。），由此可知A项“经常穿着和中国学者一样的衣服”，B项“摆脱了束缚当地土著居民的法律约束”和C项“比中国农民更容易获得权力”都有提及，所以D项“以上都可描述”正确。故该题选D。40.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“省级政府”。最后一段提到the official, almost always a stranger in the locality of his service, depended on t

39、he active cooperation of the local gentry class. Energetic attempts to implement treaty provisions concerning missionary activities, in direct defiance of gentry sentiment, ran the risk of alienating this class and destroying future effectiveness.（官员在他所管制的当地几乎总是一个陌生人，依靠当地绅士阶层的积极合作。在直接蔑视绅士情绪的情况下，积极地尝

40、试执行条约规定有关传教活动会冒着疏远这个阶级和破坏其效果的风险。）可知这句话表达了官方对当地人的依赖和官方要是不顾当地人民的情绪，实行传道活动，就会有疏远当地人和破坏传道的效果的危害；所以我们可以推断官方关注当地人民的感觉，同时官方有义务去弄清楚人们是否可以容忍传道活动的进行。故B项“关心当地人的情感”和C项“有义务决定当地人情绪是否能容忍传道的实施”都正确。A项“充分配合中央政府的政策”，文章没有提到。因此D项“可以用B项和C项来描述”符合题意。故该题选D。13. 不定项选择题Motorola Inc., the worlds second-largest mobile phone make

41、, will begin selling all of the technology needed to build a basic mobile phone to outside manufacturers, in a key change of strategy. The inventor of the cell phone, which has been troubled by missteps compounded by a recent industry slump in sales, is trying to become a neutral provider of mobile

42、technology to rivals, with an eye toward fostering a much larger market than it could create itself. The Chicago area-based company, considered to have the widest range of technologies needed to build a phone, said it planned to make available chips, a design layout for the computer board, software,

43、 development tools and testing tools. Motorola has previously supplied mobile phone manufacturers with a couple of its chips, but this is the first time the company will offer its entire line of chips as well as a detailed blueprint. Mobile phones contain a variety of chips and components to control

44、 power, sound and amplification. Analysts said they liked the new strategy but were cautious about whether Motorolas mobile phone competitors would want to buy the technology from a rival.The company, long known for its top-notch（等级）engineering culture, is hoping to profit its mobile phone technolog

45、y now that the basic technology to build a mobile phone has largely become a commodity. Motorola said it will begin offering the technology based on the next-generation GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service) standard because most mobile phone makers already have technology in place for current digital p

46、hones. GPRS offers faster access to data through “always on” network connections, and customers are charged only for the information they retrieve, rather than the length of download.Burgess said the new business will not conflict with Motorolas own mobile phone business because the latter will rema

47、in competitive by offering advanced features and designs. Motorolas phones have been criticized as being too complicated and expensive to manufacture, but Burgess said Motorola will simplify the technology in the phones by a third. In addition to basic technology, Burgess said, Motorola would also o

48、ffer additional features such as Bluetooth, a technology that allows wireless communications at a short distance, and Global Positioning System, which tracks the users whereabouts, and MP3 audio capability.41. The word “slump” in the first paragraph may be replaced by（ ）.42. According to this passag

49、e, Motorola Inc.（ ）.43. Analysts dont think that（ ）.44. The technology supplied by Motorola is based on（ ）.45. Which of the following statements is NOT true?问题1选项A.slouchB.declineC.increaseD.stamp问题2选项A.is the worlds largest mobile phone makerB.is trying to become a mobile technology provider beside

50、s being a mobile phone makerC.will only sell chips of the mobile phonesD.is going to sell all its manufacturing plants问题3选项A.Motorola will be successfulB.the technology offered by Motorola will be selected by its competitorsC.its competitors will want to buy the technology from itD.its mobile phones

51、 contain a variety of chips问题4选项A.Bluetooth featuresB.MP3 audio capabilityC.Global Positioning SystemD.GPRS standard问题5选项A.GPRS offers faster access to data through network connections, so customers should pay more.B.Motorola Inc. is the inventor of the cell phone.C.Previously Motorola only supplied

52、 mobile phone manufacturers with some of its chips.D.Motorola Inc. is known for its high-class engineering culture.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】41.【试题答案】B【试题解析】词义辨析题。Slump “消沉、衰退、（物价）暴跌”，A选项slouch“懒散”； B选项decline “下降，衰落，消沉”；C选项increase “上涨，增加”，所以slump可以用B代替。42.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到第一段第四句is tryi

53、ng to become a neutral provider of mobile technology to rivals（试图成为竞争对手移动技术的中立供应商）以及最后一段第一句Burgess said the new business will not conflict with Motorolas own mobile phone business（伯吉斯表示，新业务不会与摩托罗拉自己的手机业务发生冲突），所以B项“正在努力成为一个移动技术提供商以外的移动电话制造商”正确。A选项定位到第一段开头Motorola , the worlds second-largest mobile ph

54、one make（摩托罗拉是世界第二大移动电话生产商），所以A项“最大的生产商”错误；从第一段倒数第四行but this is the first time the company will offer its entire line of chips as well as a detailed blueprint.（但这是该公司首次提供完整的芯片系列以及详细的蓝图）可知C选项“只卖手机芯片”错误；D选项“将出售所有的制造厂”文中并没有提及，所以排除。43.【试题答案】C【试题解析】观点态度题。题目：分析学家认为不。第一段最后一句Analysts said they liked the new

55、 strategy but were cautious about whether Motorolas mobile phone competitors would want to buy the technology from a rival （分析家说他们喜欢这一策略，但是对于竞争者是否会愿意从竞争对手手中购买技术这一问题持谨慎态度），C项“竞争者们想要从摩托罗拉购买这项技术”，符合题意。A项“摩托罗拉会成功的”；B项“摩托罗拉提供的技术将由竞争对手选择”；D项“它的手机里有各种各样的芯片”都不符合题干。44.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。从第二段第二句话Motorola said

56、 it will begin offering the technology based on the next -generation GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service) standard（摩托罗拉表示，将开始提供基于下一代GPRS（全球分组无线业务）标准的技术）可知D选项“GPRS标准”正确。A项“蓝牙功能”；B项“MP3音频功能”；C项“全球定位系统”文中均没有提及。45.【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。从第二段最后一句GPRS offers faster access to data through always on network conne

57、ctions, and customers are charged only for the information they retrieve，rather than the length of download.（GPRS通过网络连接提供了更快的数据访问速度，客户只需按他们检索的信息收费，而不是下载的长度）可知顾客的付费应该是少了，而不是多了，所以A项“GPRS通过网络连接提供更快的数据访问，因此客户应该支付更多的费用”错误，符合题意；从第一段第二句开头The inventor of the cell phone（手机的发明者）可知B项“摩托罗拉公司是手机的发明者”正确；从第一段倒数第六行

58、Motorola has previously supplied mobile phone manufacturers with a couple of its chips（摩托罗拉此前曾向手机制造商提供过几款芯片）可知C项“摩托罗拉过去只向手机制造商提供部分产品它的芯片”正确；从第二段开头The company, long known for its top-notch engineering culture（这家公司长期以来以一流的工程文化而闻名）可知D项“摩托罗拉公司以其一流的工程文化而闻名”正确。14. 单选题None of students in the class likes th

59、e mistress, who is used to being（ ）of everything they do.问题1选项A.emotionalB.optimisticC.interestedD.critical【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项emotional“情感的”；B选项optimistic“乐观的”；C选项interested“感兴趣的”；D选项critical“批评的，苛刻的”，句意：班里没有一个学生喜欢那位女老师，她惯于批评学生们所做的一切事。所以选D。15. 单选题Aircraft and rocket can be used to collect radioacti

60、ve debris, while high-altitude satellites carry detectors for gamma rays and other emissions.问题1选项A.diffusionB.remainsC.glitterD.transfer【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。debris表示“碎片，残骸”。A项diffusion“扩散，传播”，B项remain“遗留，残骸”，C项glitter“闪光，灿烂”，D项transfer“转移”。句意：飞机和火箭可以用来收集放射性碎片，而高空卫星携带探测伽马射线和其他辐射的探测器。根据句意，该题选B正确。16. 单选题Th

61、e apartment was（ ）as $50,000 and its owner decided to sell it.问题1选项A.automatedB.assessedC.assertedD.avenged【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项automate“使自动化”，B项assess“评定，估价”，C项assert“坚持，断言”，D项avenge“报复，报仇”。句意：这套公寓的估价为5万美元，房主决定卖掉它。根据句意，该题选B正确。17. 单选题After centuries of self-enforced（ ）, China has gained for herself a p

62、lace in world affairs that brings her into the current of modern history.问题1选项A.cooperationB.monopolyC.dictatorshipD.seclusion【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项cooperation“合作，协作”；B选项monopoly“垄断”；C选项dictatorship“专政，专制”；D选项seclusion“隐居”。根据后文中国占据了一席之地，可推测，中国经过数百年的自我专制，到达今天的地位。句意：经过数百年的自我实施后，中国已经在国际事务上占有一席之地，并进入了现代历

63、史的浪潮。因此C选项正确。18. 单选题The appearance of the used car is（ ）, its much newer than it really is.问题1选项A.descriptiveB.indicativeC.deceptiveD.impressive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项descriptive“描述的，叙述的”；B选项indicative“指示的，预示的”；C选项deceptive“欺骗性的”；D选项impressive“令人印象深刻的”，句意：这辆旧车的外观具有迷惑性，轿车比实际的样子新得多，所以选C。19. 单选题Critical and independent thinking is a valued skill