2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷65

《2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷65》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷65（36页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Gregory Currie, a professor of philosophy eat the University of Nottingham, recently argued in The New York Times that we ought not to claim that literature improves us as people, because there is no “compelling evidence that suggests that people are morally

2、 or socially better for reading Tolstoy” or other great books.Actually, there is such evidence. Raymond Mar, a psychologist at York University in Canada, and Keith Oatley, a professor of cognitive psychology at the University of Toronto, reported in studies published in 2006 and 2009 that individual

3、s who often read fiction appear to be better able to understand other people, empathize (起共鸣)with them and view the world from their perspective. This link persisted even after the researchers factored in the possibility that more empathetic individuals might choose to read more novels.Recent resear

4、ch in cognitive science, psychology and neuroscience has demonstrated that deep reading of books is a distinctive experience, very different from the information-driven reading we do on the Web. Although deep reading does not, strictly speaking, require a conventional book, the built-in limits of th

5、e printed page are uniquely conducive to the deep reading experience. A books lack of hyperlinks allows the reader to remain fully immersed in the narrative, without having to make such decisions as whether to click on a link or not.That immersion is supported by the way the brain handles language r

6、ich in sensory detail and emotional and moral complexity, by creating a mental representation that draws on the same brain regions that would be active if the scene were unfolding in real life. The emotional situations and moral dilemmas that are the stuff of literature are also vigorous exercise fo

7、r the brain, propelling us inside the heads of fictional characters and even increasing our real-life capacity for empathy.This is not reading as many young people are coming to know it. Their reading, mostly done onscreen, is pragmatic and instrumental. If we allow our children to believe reading o

8、nscreen is all there is, we will have deprived them of an enjoyable and enlightening experience that will enlarge them as people. Instead molding our education around young peoples attachment to digital devices and onscreen habits, we need to show them some place theyve never been to, a place only d

9、eep reading can take them to.1. Prof, Gregory Currie argues that（ ）.2.The studies of Raymond Mar and Keith Oatley show that（ ）.3.Deep reading of paper books compared with reading on the web（ ）.4.It can be learned from the passage that the author（ ）.问题1选项A.literature doesnt show peoples moral or soci

10、al standardsB.only good literature shows peoples moral and social valuesC.reading fiction wont improve people morally or sociallyD.only reading great books benefits people morally and socially问题2选项A.empathetic people are more likely to read novels oftenB.empathetic people have a better perspective o

11、n the worldC.reading fiction encourages people to be more persistentD.reading fiction helps people understand others better问题3选项A.requires readers to do more careful thinkingB.enables readers to stay absorbed in the storyC.gives readers many links to other materialsD.allows readers to choose their f

12、uture reading问题4选项A.supports use of digital devices in classroomB.prefers reading onscreen to reading paper booksC.takes a positive approach to education reformsD.holds a negative attitude toward reading onscreen【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。 根据题干定位到文章首段，“recently argued in The New York Times

13、that we ought not to claim that literature improves us as people, because there is no “compelling evidence that suggests that people are morally or socially better for reading Tolstoy or other great books.”最近在纽约时报上提出，我们不应该声称文学提高了我们作为人的水平，因为没有“令人信服的证据表明，阅读托尔斯泰或其他伟大著作的人在道德上或社会上更优秀”。A选项“文学不能体现出人们的道德和社会

14、水平”，B选项“只有好的文学可以体现人们的道德和社会水平”，C选项“阅读小说不会提高人们的道德或社会地位”，D选项“只有读伟大的书籍，才能使人在道德和社会上受益”。因此，C选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第二段的第二句话“individuals who often read fiction appear to be better able to understand other people, empathize (起共鸣)with them and view the world from their perspective.” 人经常读小说似乎能更好地理解他人,与他们起共鸣,

15、从他们的角度看待这个世界。A选项“具有同理心的人更有可能经常阅读小说”，B选项“有同理心的人对世界有更好的看法”，C选项“读小说能使人更有毅力”, D选项“读小说可以帮助人们更好地理解别人”。因此，D选项符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第三段，“A books lack of hyperlinks allows the reader to remain fully immersed in the narrative, without having to make such decisions as whether to click on a link or not.”一本书没有超链

16、接，读者可以完全沉浸在叙述中，而不必决定是否点击链接。A选项“要求读者做更细致的思考”，B选项“使读者在故事中保持专注”，C选项“给读者提供许多其他材料的链接”，D选项“允许读者选择未来的读物”。因此，B选项符合题意。4.观点态度题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段,“If we allow our children to believe reading onscreen is all there is, we will have deprived them of an enjoyable and enlightening experience that will enlarge them as p

17、eople.”如果我们允许我们的孩子相信在屏幕上阅读就是一切，我们就剥夺了他们一种愉快而有启发性的体验，而这种体验可以扩大他们的知识面。A选项“支持在课堂上使用数字设备”，B选项“比起纸质书，作者更喜欢看屏幕”，C选项“对教育改革采取积极的态度”，D选项“对屏幕阅读持消极态度的人”。因此，D选项符合题意。2. 单选题When I（ ）my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me.问题1选项A.woke upB.took toC.picked upD.came

18、 to【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。come to ones sense 意为“清醒过来；恢复理性”。句意：当我回过神来，发现自己正裹在小房间的床上，奶奶正俯身看着我。选项D符合语境。3. 单选题You can arrive in London earlier for the meeting（ ）you dont mind taking the night train.问题1选项A.providedB.unlessC.thoughD.until【答案】A【解析】考查连词辨析。A选项provided“假如，倘若”；B选项unless“除非”；C选项though“尽管”；D选项until“直到”

19、。根据句意：如果你不介意坐晚上的火车，那么你可以早点到达伦敦开会。后者是前者的条件，所以填入表示条件的连词provided,选项A正确。4. 单选题She became the first woman to enter the school but withdraw after a few days（ ）stress.问题1选项A.in honor ofB.because ofC.in spite ofD.instead of【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项in honor of“向.致敬”，B选项because of“因为，由于”，C选项in spite of“尽管，即使”，D选项in

20、stead of“代替，而不是”。句意:她成为第一个进入这所学校但几天后因压力而退出的女性。因此，B选项符合句意。5. 单选题It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing state of literacy. These figures from the Department of Education are sufficient: 27 million Americans cannot read at all, and a further 35 million read at a level

21、that is less than sufficient to survive in our society.But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of s

22、ilence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading. It has been suggested that almost 80 percent of Americas literate, educated teenagers can no longer read without an accompanying noise (music) in the background or a television sc

23、reen flickering at the corner of their field of perception. We know very little about the brain and how it deals with simultaneous conflicting input, but every common-sense intuition suggests we should be profoundly alarmed. This violation of concentration, silence, solitude goes to the very heart o

24、f our notion of literacy; this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration, let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves,

25、 which is to learn it by heart. Not by brain, by heart; the expression is vital.Under these circumstances, the question of what future there is for the arts of reading is a real one. Ahead of us lie technical, psychic, and social transformations probably much more dramatic than those brought about b

26、y Gutenberg, the German inventor in printing. The Gutenberg revolution, as we now know it, took a long time; its effects are still being debated. The information revolution will touch every fact of composition, publication, distribution, and reading. No one in the book industry can say with any conf

27、idence what will happen to the book as weve known it.1. The picture of the reading ability of the American people, drawn by the author, is（ ）.2.The authors biggest concern is（ ）.3.A major problem with most adolescents who can read is（ ）.4.The author claims that the best way a reader can show admirat

28、ion for a piece of poetry or prose is（ ）.5.About the future of the arts of reading the author feels（ ）.问题1选项A.quite encouragingB.fairly brightC.very impressiveD.rather bleak问题2选项A.the reading ability and reading behavior of the middle classB.the surprisingly low rate of literacy in the U.S.C.the mus

29、ical setting American readers require for readingD.elementary school childrens disinterest in reading classics问题3选项A.their fondness of music and TV programsB.their lack of attentiveness and basic understandingC.their ignorance of various forms of art and literatureD.their inability to focus on confl

30、icting input问题4选项A.to make a fair appraisal of its artistic valueB.to analyze its essential featuresC.to think it over conscientiouslyD.to be able to appreciate it and memorize it问题5选项A.upsetB.uncertainC.alarmedD.pessimistic【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是：作者所描绘的美国人的阅读能力是怎样的？根据原文第一段的首句

31、It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing state of literacy.（我几乎没有必要列举所有令人沮丧的人们的识字状况）。由此可知，D选项“相当凄凉”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是：作者最关心的是？根据原文第二段的首句But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious prob

32、lem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading.（但我今天担心的与其说是基本识字这个压倒性的问题，不如说是一个更为奢侈的问题，即美国中产阶层读者阅读技能的衰退，他们不愿意在安静的地方

33、，牺牲难得在家的时间，集中注意力用以读书，而这些与经典阅读行为息息相关），由此可知A选项“中产阶级的阅读能力与阅读行为”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是：大多数识字青少年最主要的一个问题是？根据原文第二段中的It has been suggested that almost 80 percent of Americas literate, educated teenagers can no longer read without an accompanying noise (music) in the background or a television screen flickering

34、 at the corner of their field of perception.（有人认为，近80%有文化，受过良好教育的美国青少年，没有背景音乐和闪烁的电视屏幕的陪伴就无法阅读）以及this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration（而这种边阅读边在背景干扰下进行理解的新方法使某些基本的理解和集中行为变得不可能），由此可知，

35、B选项“他们缺乏注意力和基本理解力”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是：作者认为，读者对一篇诗歌或散文表现赞赏的最好方式是？根据第二段倒数第二句let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart.（更不用说人们对他们真正喜欢的诗歌或散文给予的最高评价了，那就是把它记在心里），由此可知D选项“能够欣赏它并记住它”符合题意。5.观点态度题。题目问的是：关于阅读

36、艺术的未来，作者的感觉是怎样的？根据原文最后一段的第一句Under these circumstances, the question of what future there is for the arts of reading is a real one.（在这种情况下，阅读艺术的未来是什么，这确实是一个大问题。）以及最后一句话No one in the book industry can say with any confidence what will happen to the book as weve known it.（在图书界没有人能自信地说他知道未来将会发生什么。）由此可推断

37、，作者认为阅读艺术的未来充满了不确定性，所以选项B正确。6. 单选题Question 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. The meaning of the term is confusing, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make

38、the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge.Even in true sciences, distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. For example, hypotheses and theories are attempt

39、s to explain natural phenomena. From these positions scientists continue to experiment and observe until they are proved. The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unk

40、nown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end, specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.Actually, two basic approaches lead to t

41、he discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes such as improving health, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to

42、 as applied science.Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic reward. Chemists responsible for discoveries could hardly anticipated that their findings would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as

43、 those directly related to life and death. The discovery of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. However, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. Many scientists dedicating their lives to purer science are no

44、t apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.1. To define science, we can simply name it as（ ）.2.A scientist interested in general knowledge about oxygen would probably call his approach（ ）.3.Which of the fol

45、lowing sentences about pure science is true?4.Which of the following is implied in the passage?5.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?问题1选项A.the study of nature and mankindB.an attempt to pose and prove hypotheses and theoriesC.categorized knowledgeD.the study of the unrelated n

46、atural phenomena问题2选项A.applied scienceB.chemical scienceC.pure scienceD.environmental science问题3选项A.It may lead to antiscientific, impure results.B.It necessarily precedes applied science.C.It is not always as pure as we suppose.D.It necessarily resulted from applied science.问题4选项A.Pure scientists s

47、hould not be blamed for ignoring the practical side of their discoveries.B.Today few people have any notion of the meaning of science.C.In true sciences, it is not difficult to distinguish fact from fiction.D.Practical-minded people can understand the meaning and objectives of pure science.问题5选项A.On

48、 Distinguishing Fact from FictionB.Biology and the Scientific AgeC.Hypotheses and TheoriesD.The Nature of Science【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge.（为了使解释尽可能简单，假设将科学定义为分类知识。）

49、，题干中“simply”与原文中“simple”相对应，表示简单地将科学定义为分类知识。因此C选项“分类知识”正确。A选项“对自然和人类的研究”，B选项“试图提出和证明假设和理论”和D选项“对不相关的自然现象的研究”，文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。2.推理判断题。由题干关键词“approach”可以定位到文章第四段，该段介绍了两种科学方法，一种是aimed at satisfying curiosity（满足求知欲）的pure science（纯科学），另一种是aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes（将知识用于特定目的）的applie

50、d science（应用科学），由此可以推断出题干中“interested in general knowledge about oxygen”（对氧气的常识感兴趣）属于纯科学的范畴。因此C选项“纯科学”正确。A选项“应用科学”是和纯科学相对的，所以错误。B选项“化学科学”和D选项“环境科学”文中均没有提及，所以B，D错误。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段中the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell（显微镜的构造必须先于细胞的发现）和most knowledge is eve

51、ntually applied（大多数知识最终都会得到应用），显微镜的构造是“纯科学”，细胞的发现是“应用科学”，从而得知纯科学是先于应用科学的，科学知识最终会得到应用。因此B选项“纯科学必然先于应用科学”正确。A选项“它可能导致反科学、不纯的结果”，C选项“它并不总是像我们想象的那样纯粹”在文中没有提及，所以A，C错误。D选项“它必然来源于应用科学”，由原文可知，纯科学是先于应用科学的，而不是来源于应用科学，所以D错误。4.推理判断题。由A选项可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Many scientists dedicating their lives to purer science are

52、not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries（许多献身于纯科学的科学家并不因为忽视了他们发现的实用性而感到抱歉），意思是纯理论科学家不用因忽视发现的实用性而抱歉，因为大部分科学发现最终都会得到应用的。因此A选项“纯理论科学家不应因忽视他们发现的实用性而受到指责”正确。由B选项可以定位到文章第一段第一句The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meanin

53、g.（科学这个词在现代社会中经常能听到，以至于几乎每个人都对它的含义有一些概念。），说明每个人或多或少都是对科学的含义有一定概念的。所以B选项“如今很少有人对科学的意义有概念”错误。由C选项可以定位到文章第二段第一句Even in true sciences, distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy.（即使在真正的科学中，区分事实和虚构也不总是那么容易。），所以C选项“在真正的科学中，区分事实与虚构并不困难”错误。由D选项可以定位到文章最后一段第一句Sometimes practical-minded people miss th

54、e point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic reward.（有时注重实际的人忽视了纯科学的意义，只考虑到它立即应用于经济回报。），说明注重实际的人不能理解纯科学的意义，所以D选项“注重实际的人能够理解纯科学的意义和目的”错误。5.主旨大意题。文章第一段简单说明科学的定义，第二、三段介绍了科学的立场和目标，第四、五段说的是科学的方法和意义，这些都是科学的“本质”，因此D选项“科学的本质”符合题意，可以作为文章标题。A选项“关于区分事实与虚构”，B选项“生物学和科学时代”，C选

55、项“假设和理论”都只说了文章的某一个方面，不能完整概括文章，所以A，B，C不能作为文章标题。7. 单选题Being able to speak two languages fluently is not enough for a person to become a（ ）interpreter. Learning how to speak and listen is also essential.问题1选项A.tranquilB.futileC.mercifulD.simultaneous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项tranquil “平静的”；B选项futile“无效的”；C

56、选项merciful“仁慈的”；D选项simultaneous“同时的”。句意：能够流利地说两种语言是不足以让一个人成为同声口译员的。学会说和听也很重要。本句表示同声传译。因此D选项正确。8. 单选题The pursuit of leisure on the part of the employees will certainly not（ ）their prospect of promotion.问题1选项A.spurB.furtherC.induceD.reinforce【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项spur“鞭策，刺激”；B选项further“促进，助长”；C选项induce“诱

57、导”；D选项reinforce“加强，巩固”。根据句意：追求享乐对于雇员而言肯定不能促进他们晋升。选项B更符合语境。9. 单选题Thursday marked the 42nd（ ）of mans first step on the moon.问题1选项A.ceremonyB.decadeC.occasionD.anniversary【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项ceremony“典礼，仪式，礼节”，B选项decade“十年，年代”，C选项occasion“时机，场合”，D选项anniversary“周年纪念日”。句意：星期四是人类踏上月球第42周年纪念日。因此，D选项符合句意。10.

58、 单选题Investigators believe the fire was caused by（ ）electrical wiring. They said the buildings wiring had not been done by a professional electrician.问题1选项A.soberB.faultyC.promptD.fussy【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项sober“清醒的”；B选项faulty“错误的”；C选项prompt“敏捷的”；D选项fussy“爱挑剔的”。句意：调查人员认为火灾是由错误的电线引起的。他们说，大楼的布线不是由专业电工

59、完成的。本句表示错误的电线布线。因此B选项正确。11. 单选题Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this: artists only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasnt always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited

60、 for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring as we went from Wordsworths daffodils to Baudelaires flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such

61、misery. But its not as if earlier times didnt know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting h

62、appiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few pr

63、otections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages your average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages hav